• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2011

The environmental education is based on the assumption that accurate knowledge and attitude could be linked to real action, but those have no effect on changing the behavior. To effect the change in behavior, we need to consider the reflective thinking which can make people change their behavior. The strategies to accelerate the reflective thinking are five steps of the reflective thinking process and the interaction through the discussion of students. And also, it is more proper if the contents are based on the real experiences of the students. Thus, this study tried to know whether the improvement of reflective thinking was able to affect to the environmental behavior. The environment education program was applied to the 60 elementary school 6th grade students in Gyeonggi-do and the survey methods were presented in the general experimental curriculum. To study 6th subjects (energy, harmful chemical material, heavy metal and agricultural chemicals, food additive, environmental friendly consumption, and recycle) was developed. This study shows the effect of the program on the environment knowledge, the environment behavior, the level of reflective-thinking and communication ability.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.371-389
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• 2011

A new strategy for cancer therapy has emerged during the past decade based on molecular targets that are less likely to be essential in all cells in the body, therefore confer a wider therapeutic window than traditional cytotoxic drugs which mechanism of action is to inhibit essential cellular functions. Exceptional heterogeneity and adaptability of cancer impose significant challenges in oncology drug discovery, and the concept of complex tumor biology has led the framework of developing many anticancer therapeutics. Protein kinases are the most pursued targets in oncology drug discovery. To date, 12 small molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration, and many more are in clinical development. With demonstrated clinical efficacy of bortezomib, ubiquitin proteasome and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation systems are also emerging as new therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. In this review, strategies of targeted cancer therapies with inhibitors of kinases and proteasome systems are discussed. Combinational cancer therapy to overcome drug resistance and to achieve greater treatment benefit through the additive or synergistic effects of each individual agent is also discussed. Finally, the opportunities in the future cancer therapy with molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics are addressed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.452-472
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• 2019

Most existing wavelet-based multiplicative watermarking methods are affected by geometric attacks to a certain extent. A serious limitation of wavelet-based multiplicative watermarking is its sensitivity to rotation, scaling, and translation. In this study, we propose an image watermarking method by using dual-tree complex wavelet transform with a multi-objective optimization approach. We embed the watermark information into an image region with a high entropy value via a multiplicative strategy. The major contribution of this work is that the trade-off between imperceptibility and robustness is simply solved by using the multi-objective optimization approach, which applies the watermark error probability and an image quality metric to establish a multi-objective optimization function. In this manner, the optimal embedding factor obtained by solving the multi-objective function effectively controls watermark strength. For watermark decoding, we adopt a maximum likelihood decision criterion. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method by conducting simulations on benchmark test images. Experiment results demonstrate the imperceptibility of the proposed method and its robustness against various attacks, including additive white Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, scaling, rotation, and combined attacks.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.717-735
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 나머지가 있는 나눗셈 문장제에 대한 초등학교 6학년 학생들의 해결 전략 및 오류를 조사함으로써 나머지가 있는 나눗셈 문장제 지도에 대한 교수학적 시사점을 얻는 것이다. 초등학교에서 나눗셈에 대한 학습이 완료되는 시기인 초등학교 6학년 학생 177명을 대상으로 40분간 총 15문항의 검사 문항으로 구성된 검사지를 적용하고, 학생들이 작성한 문항의 답안을 분석함으로써 연구 대상이 문제해결 과정에서 사용한 해결 전략 및 오류를 파악하였다. 검사 결과와 관련하여 주목할 것은 학생들이 나머지가 있는 나눗셈 문장제를 해결하기 위해 주로 사용한 전략과 높은 성공률을 보인 전략이 일치하지 않았으며, 중 집단의 학생들이 다른 집단의 학생들에 비해 보조 전략을 빈번하게 사용했다는 점이다. 또한 학생들의 오류가 빈번하게 나타난 것은 해석과 식 세우기 단계였다. 특히 하 집단의 학생들에게서 식 세우기 오류가 주로 발견된 것에 비해, 상 집단의 학생들은 주로 해석 단계에서 오류를 보였다. 이와 같은 분석 결과에 기초한 논의로부터 나머지가 있는 나눗셈 문장제 지도에 대한 교수학적 시사점을 제안하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2005

인터넷의 보급과 전자상거래 관련기술의 발달은 기존의 상거래 방식에 많은 변화를 가져왔으며, 전자상거래 환경에서도 실세계의 거래방식을 구현하기 위한 시도가 잇따르고 있다. 협상은 기존 상거래에서 정찰제 거래를 제외한 대부분의 거래 시 수행되고 있는 거래방식으로써, 협상의 기능을 전자상거래 환경에서도 구현하고자 하는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 전자상거래 환경에서 자동협상시스템 구현을 위한 다속성 협상안을 생성하고 평가하는 방법론에 대한 내용을 설명하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주문제조 생산 환경에서 일어나는 협상을 대상으로 협상의 항목이 둘 이상인 다속성 협상문제을 정의하고 이의 해결 방법론을 연구하고자 한다. 이를 위해 판매자는 자신의 협상안 생성을 위해 제품생산 일정계획과 가격을 고려한 협상안을 생성하고 구매자가 제시한 협상안은 다속성 의사결정(Multi Attribute Decision Making MADM) 기법 중 단순 가중합법(Simple Additive Weighting Method : SAW)을 이용하여 평가하게 된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2018

DeNOx experiments for the effects of hydrocarbon additives on diesel SNCR process were conducted under oxidizing diesel exhaust conditions. A diesel-fueled combustion system was set up to simulate the actual cylinder and head, exhaust pipe and combustion products, where the reducing agent $NH_3$ and $C_2H_6/diesel$ fuel additives were separately or simultaneously injected into the exhaust pipe, used as the SNCR flow reactor. A wide range of air/fuel ratios (A/F=20~40) were maintained, based on engine speeds where an initial NOx level was 530 ppm and the molar ratios (${\beta}=NH_3/NOx$) ranged between 1.0~2.0, together with adjusting the amounts of hydrocarbon additives. Temperature windows were normally formed in the range of 1200~1350K, which were shifted downwards by 50~100K with injecting $C_2H_6/diesel$ fuel additives. About 50~68% NOx reduction was possible with the above molar ratios (${\beta}$) at the optimum flow #1 ($T_{in}=1260K$). Injecting a small amount of $C_2H_6$ or diesel fuel (${\gamma}=hydrocarbon/NOx$) gave the promising results, particularly in the lower exhaust temperatures, by contributing to the sufficient production of active radicals ($OH/O/HO_2/H$) for NOx reduction. Unfortunately, the addition of hydrocarbons increased the concentrations of byproducts such as CO, UHC, $N_2O$ and $NO_2$, and their emission levels are discussed. Among them, Injecting diesel fuel together with the primary reductant seems to be more encouraging for practical reason and could be suggested as an alternative SNCR DeNOx strategy under diesel exhaust systems, following further optimization of chemicals used for lower emission levels of byproducts.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2014

As environment problem became a worldwide issue, countries are tightening regulations regarding greenhouse gas reduction and improvement of air pollution problems. With these circumstances, one of the renewable energies produced from biomass is getting attention. Bio-ethanol, which is applicable to SI engine, showed a positive effect on the PFI (Port Fuel Injection) type. However, Ethanol has a problem in homogeneous mixture formation because it has high latent heat of vaporization characteristics and in the GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) type, mixture formation is required quickly after fuel injection. Particularly, South Korea is one of the countries with great temperature variation among seasons. With this reason, South Korea supply fuel additive for smooth engine operation during winter. Therefore, experimental study and investigation about application possibility of blending fuel is necessary. This paper demonstrates the spray characteristics by using the CVC direct injection and setting the bio-ethanol blending fuel temperature close to the temperature during each seasons: -7, 25, $35^{\circ}C$. The diameter and the width of the CVC are 86mm and 39mm. High-pressure fuel supply system was used for target injection pressure. High-speed camera was used for spray visualization. The experiment was conducted by setting the injection pressure and ambient pressure according to each temperature of bio-ethanol blending fuel as a parameter. The result of spray visualization experiment demonstrates that as the temperature of the fuel is lower, the atomization quality is lower, and this increase spray penetration and make mixture formation difficult. Injection strategy according to fuel temperature and bio-ethanol blending rate is needed for improving characteristics.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.343-364
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• 2017

초등학교 수학에서 함수적 사고는 매우 중요하지만, 함수적 사고를 지도하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 교사에 대한 연구는 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 함수적 사고를 지도하기 위한 수학 과제 및 수업 전략에 대한 지식을 살펴보기 위하여 검사 도구를 개발한 후 초등학교 교사 119명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 초등학교 교사들은 대부분 곱셈 관계와 덧셈 관계의 과제를 적절하게 개발할 수 있었고, 비연속적인 대응표의 활용과 같은 수업 전략에 대하여 함수적 사고 지도의 측면에서 설명할 수 있었다. 반면 일부 교사들은 함수적 사고에 대한 중요한 아이디어를 충분히 이해하지 못했다. 연구 결과를 토대로, 함수적 사고를 지도하기 위한 초등학교 교사의 지식에 관하여 시사점을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2011

To investigate the influences of candidate genes on the birth weight and the early stages of life, genotyping of the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes was performed in 156 and 141 Berkshire pigs, respectively. The frequency of both PRLR3 alleles A and a was 0.50. The frequencies of the RBP4 alleles B and b were 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. Neither locus was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant associations of the PRLR3 alleles with birth or weaning weights and of the RBP4 alleles with birth weight were observed. The proportions of the phenotype variances due to the genotypes of PRLR3 in the feeder weights was 4.0% and those of RBP4 in the weaning and feeder weights were 11.9 and 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). The dominance effect of PRLR3 and RBP4 on feeder weights was 2.40 and -1.86 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). The additive and dominance effects of RBP4 on weaning weights were 0.332 and -0.682 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). Even if no significant epistasis of PRLR3 and RBP4 was detected, a considerable trend of consistent positive epistasis estimates of AA/BB and Aa/Bb was observed for all traits. The results of this study may have a considerable impact on early-stage growth by both loci, and a selection strategy should be designed separately for each marker in Berkshire pigs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

산학협력은 국가경쟁력 강화를 위해 필요한 정책이나 기업 수요가 지속적으로 감소하고 있어 산학협력 활동이 위축받고 있다. 특히 산학협력의 범위를 일부로 한정하여 판단함으로서 전문직업인 양성을 위해 노력하는 전문대학이 일반대학에 비하여 산학협력에 기여하는 바가 미흡하다는 인식이 있고 이것은 전문대학 산학협력 활성화를 저해하고 있다. 전문대학 산학협력을 활성화하기 위해서는 기업 수요를 정확히 파악하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 본 연구는 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 3D 프린팅과 전문대학 졸업생의 활동분야를 비교분석하여 3D 프린팅을 활용한 전문대학 산학협력 활성화 방안을 제안한다. 그리고 전문대학과 일반대학의 주요역할을 기술사업화 절차에 따라 기업 수요를 분석하여 기업과 전문대학 그리고 일반대학의 협력모델을 제안한다.