• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권3_1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 군사학과 학생을 대상으로 스마트폰 사용실태를 파악하고, 자기통제력과 스트레스 대처방식이 스마트폰 중독 수준에 영향을 미치는가를 알아보았다. 결과는 대학생의 스마트폰 사용기간이 1일 기준 사용시간이 1시간 이상자가 95.3%로 스마트폰이 개인 일상생활에 중요하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 성별에 따른 스마트폰 중독 수준의 차이도 있었다. 스마트폰 중독 수준은 여학생이 남학생 보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 자기통제력과 스마트폰 중독 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 자기통제력이 높을수록 스마트폰 중독은 낮아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 스트레스 대처방식과 스마트폰 중독 간에도 유의미한 결과로 나왔다. 결론적으로 스마트폰 사용기간과 사용시간에 대하여 자기통제력이 필요하며 스트레스 대처방식이 문제 지향적 대처방식이 요구된다는 것을 실증 하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 함의를 논의 하였으며, 추후 연구과제와 한계를 논의하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2023

Background: Smartphone addiction has emerged as a significant social problem. Numerous studies have indicated the association between smartphone use and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system of the upper extremities. Objects: This cross-sectional survey aimed to compare the characteristics of musculoskeletal pain in the neck, trunk, and upper limbs between individuals with smartphone addiction and those without addiction. Methods: We collected a total of 326 healthy individuals' data from China and Korea who had owned and used smartphones for more than 5 years between 20-50s through an online questionnaire consisting of 84 questions in four major sections. The first part contained basic information on the participant's personal characteristics and smartphones. The second part contained questions about smartphone use and posture. The third part was the smartphone addiction. The fourth part was to investigate musculoskeletal pain in various upper body parts. Results: Smartphone addiction has a weak negative correlation with age (r = -0.20, p < 0.01) and a weak positive correlation with the hours of smartphone use (r = 0.376, p < 0.01). Frequent musculoskeletal pain symptoms related to smartphone use were observed in the neck, shoulder, lower back, and wrists. The hours of smartphone use was slightly positively associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder (r = 0.162, p < 0.05) and lower back (r = 0.125, p < 0.05). The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the neck (χ² = 3.993, p < 0.05), shoulder (χ² = 6.465, p < 0.05), and wrist (χ² = 4.645, p < 0.05) was significantly higher among females than males. Conclusion: The results suggest that smartphone addiction should be recognized as a dual concern encompassing both physical health and psychosocial aspects. Furthermore, healthcare professionals, including physicians and physical therapists, should consider clients' smartphone usage patterns when assessing and treating with musculoskeletal pain.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship between fathers' involvement in parenting, mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction, and children's smartphone addiction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 327 children aged between 3 and 5 who were attending nurseries and kindergartens in Gyeonggido, Gangwondo, and Busan, South Korea, and their mothers, fathers, and teachers. The data collected from the subjects were analyzed based on correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: First, the fathers' involvement in parenting had a direct effect on their children's smartphone addiction, and no direct effect on the mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction. Second, the mother's parenting stress had a direct effect on the mother's smartphone addiction and direct and indirect effects on their children's smartphone addiction. Third, the mother's smartphone addiction had a direct effect on their children's smartphone addiction. Conclusion/Implications: The findings in this study suggest the fathers' involvement in parenting and the mother's parenting stress and smartphone addiction have effects on their children's smartphone addiction. Based on these results, the study proposed ways to prevent children's addiction to smartphones and provided suggestions for further research.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of unconsciousness smartphone use by using an app and a self-administered survey on smartphone addiction comparatively and examine differences between recognition and behavior about actual smartphone use and examine how smartphone addiction influences learning. With an app installed in smartphones, this author collected and analyzed data about users' unconsciousness using patterns for a month. According to the results, there were significant differences found in users' recognition and actual time for use and also frequency of turning on the display. Also, 22% of the subjects used their smartphone over 8 hours a day, and 76% more than 5 hours. Over 95% turned on the display more than 100 times a day, and in extreme cases, they did more than 300 times. In the meantime, users not only in the smartphone addiction high risk group and the potential risk group but also in the general user group are found to use their smartphone too long and too much and frequently turn on the display. The apps that the general user group is mainly using are entertaining apps, and their school records are rather good, so excessive use does not always lead to addiction or learning disorder. Therefore, if we develop more diverse contents for learning and provide digital literacy education, smartphone use will bring more positive effects instead. In follow-up research, the app should be corrected to collect more accurate information, and as variables in personal areas, this researcher will also measure depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and emotional control, and so on to see how they are associated with smartphone use.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2017

본 연구는 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치는 요인을 개인특성, 환경 특성, 스마트폰 특성으로 나누어 이러한 특성이 스마트폰 중독정도 및 일상생활의 변화에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 스마폰 사용이 일상화되어 있어 스마트폰 중독에 쉽게 노출되어 있는 대학생들을 대상으로 설문을 수행하였다. 총 370부의 설문지를 회수하여 SPSS와 SmartPLS 2.0을 활용하여 구조방정식 모형으로 연구가설을 검정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 개인 특성 중 유능감과 관계성이 높을수록 스마트폰 중독에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 환경 특성 중 사회적 영향이 클수록 스마트폰 중독에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스마트폰 특성 중 편재성은 스마트폰 중독에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 스마트폰 중독정도에 따라 일상생활의 변화에 긍정적 및 부정적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 스마트폰의 부정적인 측면만을 부각시켜 무조건 억제할 것이 아니라 스마트폰 중독정도에 따라 예방하고 개선할 수 있는 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료가 될 것으로 보인다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.634-643
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting on smartphone addiction according to the classification of addiction-risk groups among college students, focusing on self-control. Methods: A sample of 242 college students at K University in Seoul was recruited to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire composed of items for the self-rated smartphone addiction scale and self-control scale was used to collect data. Results: The number of students in smartphone addiction-risk group was 66 (27.3%). This study had 17.5% of the explanatory power, including perceived smartphone necessity (${\beta}=.330$, p=.007), and instant self-control (${\beta}=-.281$, p=.028) in addiction-risk group. Whereas, in non-risk group, the affecting factors included gender (${\beta}=.194$, p=.004), self-awareness of addiction (${\beta}=-.290$, p<.001), and instant self-control (${\beta}=-.281$, p<.001) with 31.3% of the explanatory power. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an intervention program to prevent the addiction of smartphones and to improve self-control among college students.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the mediating roles of preschoolers' self-regulation in the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Methods: A total of 268 mothers of preschoolers responded to questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. Results: First, maternal warmth/encouragement was negatively related to preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones, while maternal overprotectiveness/permission and rejection/neglect were positively related to preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Second, maternal warmth/encouragement and limit setting were positively linked to preschoolers' self-regulation, but maternal overprotectiveness/permission and rejection/neglect were negatively linked to preschoolers' self-regulation. Third, preschoolers' self-regulation was negatively associated with their excessive immersion in smartphones. Finally, preschoolers' self-regulation fully mediated the relationship between maternal warmth/encouragement and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones, and preschoolers' self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between maternal overprotectiveness/permission, rejection/neglect and preschoolers' excessive immersion in smartphones. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that positive maternal parenting behaviors and preschoolers' effective self-regulation are important in order to decrease preschoolers' smartphone overuse. These findings provide empirical evidence to develop programs for prevention and intervention of preschoolers' smartphone addiction.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the beneficial effects of forest experience on emotional changes in young children who are exposed to smartphones in daily life. This research was conducted on 41 children aged five and six years at a kindergarten in Chungcheongnamdo province. The children participated in a five-month forest experience program, conducted twice a week. Before beginning the study, its purpose and procedure were explained to the children's parents and kindergarten teachers, after which written content was collected. Before and after the five-month experience, questionnaires about smartphone use and emotional conditions were administered through the parents. The participants were divided into two groups, namely average-use and high-use groups, depending on the smartphone addiction proneness score. It was found that negative psychological subscales such as anxiety, impulse, and depression decreased following the five-month forest experience in both groups. Positive psychological attitudes such as sociability and creativity increased significantly after the forest experience. The high-use group showed a wider range of positive changes compared to the average-use group. Accordingly, forest experiences can be used as an effective solution for smartphone addiction problems among young children.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2014

Purpose: University life is a very significant period for students, during which they have to nurture their personality to help them adapt to life after graduation. However, excessive use of smartphones has been observed to causes increasingly severe isolation and unstable emotional conditions among students. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to identify the level of smartphone addiction in college students and its relationship with their emotional intelligence and self-control. Method: A total of 232 college students participated in the study. A, questionnaire was used, which comprised 59 structured questions on smartphone addiction (15 questions), emotional intelligence (23 questions), and self-control (21 questions). Results: The findings revealed that the addiction rate of the subjects was at a marked 25.5%. This was higher than that of Korean adults in 2012, (11%). Further, the higher the addiction level, the lower was the participants' emotional intelligence (r=-0.177, p<0.007) and self-control (r=-0.418, p<0.001). Furthermore, when their emotional intelligence was higher, so was their self-control (r=.502, p<.001). Conclusion: Those at a high risk for smartphone addiction need to be identified early, and an appropriate. Program needs to be developed to prevent such addiction.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

Purpose : VDT (visual display terminal syndrome) can affect individuals who monitor or who work or play using video screens, including those of smartphones. In general, headache symptoms from overuse of these screens can appear due to eye fatigue, muscle pain in the joints of wrists or fingers, and muscle pain in the neck or shoulders. Many studies in the literature have supported standards that seek to prevent these symptoms. The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases caused by the use of smartphones is expected to increase rapidly, particularly among children and young adults, and these diseases are expected to develop into a societal problem. Therefore, in this study we investigate whether tension headaches that develop from smartphone usage can affect forward neck posture, neck pain, and quality of life. Methods : A total of 93 students from University participated in this study. We divided participants into two groups, those with tension headaches (n = 25) and those without (n = 68) and took forward neck measurements. Headaches were classified according to criteria from the International Headache Society and involved bilateral headache position, quality of pressing or tightening pain, mild or moderate pain intensity, and none due to daily physical activity. We surveyed participants using the smartphone addiction diagnosis questionnaire, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results : Although we found no significant differences in tension headaches due to smartphone addiction diagnosis (p = 0.25), SF-36 life quality assessment (p = 0.06), and cranio-vertebral angle (p = 0.07), we found significant differences from the HIT-6 and the NDI (p <.05). Conclusion : Tension headaches are not correlated with smartphone addiction, quality of life, and forward neck angle but do have a correlation with the degree of cervical dysfunction and the effects of the headaches.