• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the effect of the plane of movement (sagittal plane vs. scapular plane) and shoulder flexion angle ($90^{\circ}$ vs. $130^{circ}$) during scapular protraction exercises in healthy subjects by investigating the elecromyographic (EMG) activities of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and pectoralis major (PM). METHODS: Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects performed maximal scapular protraction at the $90^{\circ}$ or $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angles in the sagittal or scapular planes. Surface EMG was recorded from the SA and UT, and PM muscles. Dependent variables were examined by 2 (plane) ${\times}$ 2 (angle) repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Significantly increased EMG activities in the SA and UT were found during scapular protraction exercise at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal and scapular plane. Also, EMG activity of the PM significantly decreased at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle in the sagittal plane and the $90^{\circ}$ and $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane. CONCLUSION: we recommend scapular protraction exercise at the $90^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the sagittal plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of upper trapezius activity and at the $130^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion in the scapular plane to selectively strengthen the SA muscle with limitation of pectoralis major activity.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.499-502
• /
• 2015

Starburst galaxies have strong star formation activity and generate large scale outflows which eject a huge amount of gas mass. This process affects galaxy activity, and therefore, the detailed study of nearby starburst galaxies could provide valuable information for the study of distant ones. So far there have been only a few studies of galactic-scale molecular outflows due to the sensitivity limitation of telescopes. Our study provides two nearby examples, NGC 2146 and NGC 3628. We used Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA) CO(1-0) data, Chandra soft X-ray data, and NMA 3 mm data to study the kinematics of molecular outflows, their interaction with ionized outflows, and the star forming activity in the starburst region. We found that the gas ejected through molecular outflows is much more significant than that used to form stars.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.604-612
• /
• 2011

Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant can effectively control cotton aphid populations, which is closely associated with its chitinase activity. The present work extends to optimizing a culture medium to produce more efficacious supernatant in flask conditions, followed by scale-up in 7 L, 300 L and 1.2 KL fermentors with the parameter of chitinase. In flask conditions, a combination of soluble starch and yeast extract produced the greatest amount of chitinase (5.1 units/ml) and its supernatant had the highest aphicidal activity. An optimal quantitative combination of the two substrates, estimated by a response surface method, enabled the supernatant to have 15.7 units/ml of chitinase activity and 3.7 ml/l of median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of toxicity against cotton aphid adults in laboratory conditions. In the scale-up conditions, overall supernatant had 25-28 units/ml of chitinase activity. Decrease in pH and limitation of dissolved oxygen (DO) during cultures were significantly related to the yield of chitinase. These results suggest that the substrate-dependent chitinase production can be background information for optimizing a culture medium, and pH and DO are critical factors in maximizing the production in scale-up conditions.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02b
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2008

Changed TV, that has multi-channel and interactive attribute, requires viewer's activity. Also, broadcasting environment and TV user interface require same things equally. But, the viewer feels uncomfortable in current situation because they recognize the TV as passive media. especially, TV interface can't overcome limitation of TV media. And such interface is provided as it is. This problem brings viewer's confusion and dissatisfaction more and more. This study raises a question about viewer's activity and satisfaction, analyzes the relation and effect between activity and satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impairments of body structures, activity limitation, and participation restriction. In addition, we wanted to provide basic data on correlation between impairments of body structures, activity, and participation in Disabled Persons Living at Home. Methods: After selection of 128 people with physical disabilities more than the third level and brain damage disabilities living at home, we conducted testing for impairments of body structures, activity, and participation, according to the ICF checklist. Results: Impairments of body structures was highest in the upper and lower extremity. 2) Mobility, domestic life, and self care were more limited. 3) Also, the structure related to movement showed correlation with mobility, domestic life, and self care. Conclusion: We observed differences in participation and activities of persons with disabilities Living at Home depending on the impairments of body structures. After thorough review of the status of Disabled Persons Living at Home, we decided to appropriate support and social services.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2008

It has been observed that the linear relationship between the logarithm of bioconcentration factor (log BCF) of highly hydrophobic chemicals and their log $K_{ow}$ breaks when log $K_{ow}$ becomes greater than 6.0. Consequently, super hydrophobic chemicals were not thought to cause baseline toxicity as a single compound. Researchers often call this phenomenon as "hydrophobicity cutoff" meaning that bioconcentration or corresponding baseline toxicity has a certain cutoff at high log $K_{ow}$ value of hydrophobic organic pollutants. The underlying assumption is that the increased molecular size with increasing hydrophobicity prohibits highly hydrophobic compounds from crossing biological membranes. However, there are debates among scientists about mechanisms and at which log $K_{ow}$ this phenomenon occurs. This paper reviews three hypotheses to explain observed "cutoff": steric effects, kinetic or physiological limitations, and chemical activity cutoff. Although the critical molecular size that makes biological membranes not permeable to hydrophobic organic chemicals is uncertain, size effects in combination with kinetic limitation would explain observed non-linearity between log BCF and log $K_{ow}$. Chemical activity of hydrophobic chemicals generally decreases with increasing melting point at their aqueous solubility. Thus, there may be a chemical activity cutoff of baseline toxicity if there is a critical chemical activity over which baseline effects can be observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.678-682
• /
• 2005

The promoter region of a carbon starvation gene isolated from Pseudomonas putida was cloned and analyzed for its potential use for in situ bioremediation and bioprocessing. We constructed a recombinant plasmid pMKD101 by cloning the 0.65 kb promoter region of the gene into the promoter proving vector, pMK301, which contains the lacZ for ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity as a reporter gene. pMKD101 was transformed into the wild-type P. putida MK1, resulting in P. putida RPD101, and analyzed for ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity under different culture conditions. When RPD101 was grown on the minimal medium plus $0.1\%$ glucose as a sole carbon source in batch cultures, ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was found to be 3.2-fold higher during the stationary phase than during the exponential phase. In chemostat cultures, ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was found to be 3.1-fold higher at the minimal growth rate (dilution rate=$0.05\;h^{-1}$) than at the maximal growth rate (dilution rate=$0.173;h^{-1}$). The results suggest that a carbon starvation promoter can be utilized to maximize the expression of a desired gene under nutrient limitation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the changes of physical function, perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function, and functional independence in the institutionalized aged according to functional group activity program (self help Tai Chi exercise plus functional task). Methods: Study subjects were 20 institutionalized aged from June to October in 2010. The subjects received functional group activity program two times a week for 15 weeks. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, lower extremity strength, balance, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function(depression, social skill), and functional independence were measured before and after the program. Results: The subjects showed significantly increased physical function (coordination, lower extremity strength, gait, trunk flexibility), perceptual and cognitive function, emotional function (depression, social skill), and functional independence. The functional group activity program may be an effective strategy for institutionalized elders to enhance their functions. Conclusion: The functional group activity program may be effective on elderly institutions which have limitation in human, material, environmental resources.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1812-1824
• /
• 2019

The location and human activity are usually used as one of the important parameters to monitor the health status in healthcare devices. However, nearly all existing location and monitoring systems have the limitation of short-range communication and high power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism to collect and transmit monitoring information based on LoRa technology. The monitoring device with sensors can collect the real-time activity and location information and transmit them to the cloud server through LoRa gateway. The user can check all his history and current information through the specific designed mobile applications. Experiment was carried out to verify the communication, power consumption and monitoring performance of the entire system. Experimental results demonstrate that this system can collect monitoring and activity information accurately and provide the long rang coverage with low power consumption.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.210-218
• /
• 2016

Recently, as service design was introduced to improve the quality of public service, there have been many attempts to improve various public service. In the process, various stakeholders including general citizens are participating in the design improvement activity through a method of design service but the parties are facing a difficulty in the progress because of a limitation of time and budget and a lack of professionalism among the member while the parties are planning the process and activities based on the professional service design method. Persona method that is usually used in the process of service design is encountering a limitation as well. Also, there are continuous attempts to understand the limitation of persona and apply an alternative research method among service and UX designers. For this reason, this thesis is to recognize the limitation in deduction method of traditional persona and suggests a fast and economical production method of Rapid Persona speaking for the goal of users and overcoming the limitation. Furthermore, by applying the suggested method of making Rapid Persona to an actual public service design project of National Statistical Office, the test through an empirical study was conducted. This was conducted with the purpose of progressing a discussion in the respect of actual application beyond a banal discussion. Through the research method suggested in this study, it is expected to overcome the limitation of time and a lack of professionalism and, based on these, can be used in the process of various service design and UX design as establishing persona in a fast and easy way.