• 센서학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2005

An active ${\mu}$-mixer is important in Bio-MEMS and ${\mu}$-TAS. The mixing state depends on some kinds of factors including the intensity of ultrasonic radiation. We have visualized the mixing state of the mixing chamber with radiation time and presented the influence of the driving voltage in this research. It will be possible to compare the performances of the ultrasonic radiation parts used in the active ${\mu}$-mixer using this method.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 화합물 반도체 및 CMOS 공정을 이용하여 수신기에서 주파수를 하향 변환하는 수신믹서를 설계하였다. 주파수 하향변환 믹서의 기본적인 이론과 구조에 대해 살펴보고 이중평형 믹서 구조와 광대역 특성을 얻기위해 매칭회로 대신 고주파와 국부발진기의 입력단에 싱글엔드 신호를 차분신호로 변환하기 위한 능동발룬을 결합한 믹서회로를 화합물과 CMOS 공정으로 설계한다. CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작한 능동발룬 내장 믹서는 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 대역에서 1[dB] 이하의 이득오차와 $3[^{\circ}]$ 이하의 위상오차를 가지며 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 대역에서 변환이득 $-1{\sim}-6[dB]$ 특성을 얻었다. 모의실험 결과 화합물 공정을 이용하여 능동 발룬을 결합한 믹서는 $2{\sim}6[GHz]$ 주파수대역에서 $-2[dBm]$의 국부발진기 입력에 대해 약 7[dB]의 변환이득과 5.8[GHz]에서 -10[dBm]의 입력 P1[dB]특성을 나타낸다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 동작영역(dynamic range)을 고려하여 주파수 변환부에 높은 변환이득(conversion gain)과 선형성을 확보하면서 동시에 동작영역을 넓히는 설계방법을 제안하였다. 슈퍼헤테로다인 방식의 RF Front-End단에 능동혼합기(active mixer)를 적용하였으며, GaAs소자를 사용하였다. 회로구성은 설계가 용이하고 회로형태가 단순한 장점이 있는 드레인 혼합기로 구성하였으며, 수동 혼합기와의 동작영역을 비교,분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 약 2.4dB의 변환이득과 0.2dBm의 이득-압축점, 그리고 71.9dB의 동작 영역를 나타내었으며, 수동혼합기와 비교하였을 때, 약 6dB의 동작영역이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 측정결과로는 약 2dB의 변환이득과 -1.0dBm의 이득-압축점, 그리고 71.1dB의 동작영역을 확인하였다. 수동혼합기와 비교하였을 경우, 약 8dB의 동작영역이 개선됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.569-578
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of monolithically matching circuits, interface circuits, and RF core circuits to the same substrate. We designed and fabricated on-chip 1 to 6 GHz up-conversion and 1 to 8 GHz down-conversion mixers using a 0.8 mm SiGe hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process technology. To fabricate a SiGe HBT, we used a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) system to grow a base epitaxial layer, and we adopted local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) isolation to separate the device terminals. An up-conversion mixer was implemented on-chip using an intermediate frequency (IF) matching circuit, local oscillator (LO)/radio frequency (RF) wideband matching circuits, LO/IF input balun circuits, and an RF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated up-conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 6 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz. Also, the down-conversion mixer was implemented on-chip using LO/RF wideband matching circuits, LO/RF input balun circuits, and an IF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated down-conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 8 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.514-520
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 L-band용 이동통신 단말기에 적용 가능한 수신단 MMIC 믹서의 설계 및 제작에 관한 연구를 다룬다. 단일 칩으로 집적하기 적절한 LO 및 RF balun을 능동소자를 이용하여 구성하였으며 각 능동소자의 공정상의 변화를 보상하기 위하여 새롭게 제안된 바이어스 회로를 적용하였다. 믹서의 변환이득은 -14 dB이며 IP3는 약 4 dBm, 포트간 격리도는 25 dB 이상의 값을 가진다. 제안된 새로운 바이어스 회로는 FET와 저항으로 구성되며 공정상의 변화와 온도의 변화 등에 의한 문턱전압의 변화를 보상해 줄 수 있다. 설계된 칩의 사이즈는 1.4 mm$\times$1.4 mm이다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2002

A 2.45GHz double-balanced modified Gilbert-type CMOS up-conversion mixer design is introduced, where the PMOS current-reuse bleeding technique is demonstrated to be efficient in improving conversion gain, linearity, and noise performance. An LO buffer is included in the mixer design to perform single-ended to differential conversion of the LO signal on chip. Simulation results of the design based on careful modeling of all active and passive components are examined to explain in detail about the characteristic improvement and degradation provided by the proposed design. Two kinds of chips were fabricated using a standard $0.35\mu\textrm$ CMOS process, one of which is the mixer chip without the LO buffer and the other is the one with it. The measured characteristics of the fabricated chips are quite excellent in terms of conversion gain, linearity, and noise, and they are in close match to the simulation results, which demonstrates the adequacy of the modeling approach based on the macro models for all the active and passive devices used in the design. Above all the benefits provided by the current-reuse bleeding technique, the improvement in noise performance seems most valuable.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.719-724
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 Half-LO 주파수를 이용하는 새로운 방식의 double-conversion down mixer를 2.3 GHz 대역에서 설계하였다. 제안된 mixer에서는 Half-LO 주파수를 2개의 HEMT에 인가하여 두 HEMT에서의 변환 방식을 gate type과 resistive type으로 다르게 함으로서 IF 주파수를 얻게 된다. 기존의 sub-harmonic mixers와 같이 Half-LO 주파수를 사용하지만 제안된 mixer는 Half-LO의 second harmonic 성분을 이용하지 않고 Half-LO의 기본 주파수를 이용하여 주파수 변환을 하고 두 번째 HEMT에서 Resistive mixer type으로 IF 신호를 얻기 때문에 기존의 능동 mixer보다 향상된 선형성을 얻을 수 있다. 2.3 GHz 대역에서 설계 제작된 mixer는 Half-LO 전력 10 dBm을 이용하여 5dB의 변환 손실과 16.25dBm의 IIP3 특성을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the results of the study on the novel micro mixer. Existing micro mixer is classified as active mixing and passive mixing by the mixing principles. Both mixing principles have problems. For solving these problems, this research has developed the novel micro mixers based on a totally different principle compared with former mixers. They not only have a simpler structure than former ones but also are able to achieve high mixing efficiency in spite of low power consumption due to using Lorentz Force. In addition, they are designed to increase the efficiency of mixing by changing the rotating direction of fluid with a polar switching circuit. Driving forces of the mixer are Lorentz force and a moving force of fluid due to electrophoresis. Because the efficiency of mixer is affected by electrode shape, several models have been made. The computer simulation has been made to estimate the efficiency of each mixer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1982

The mixing of salicylic acid and wheat starch powders was studied using a V-type mixer. After the optimum operating conditions of the mixer were examined, the mixing characteristics relating to dilution ratio, particle size of active ingradient and addition ratio of lubricants were investigated. The coefficient of variation was expressed by a power law relating to the dilution ratio and the particle size of active ingredient. Furthermore, the comparison of results with the theoretically estimated value of mixing index suggested that the mixing of cohesive pharmacceutical powders is a complex stochastic process and cannot be explained fully by a simple theory based on a complete random mixing.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 2007

An active micro-mixer, which was composed of an oscillating micro-stirrer in the microchannel to provide rapid, effective mixing at high flow, rates was analyzed. The effects of molecular diffusion and disturbance by the stirrer were considered with regard to two types of mixer models: the simple straight microchannel and microchannel with an oscillating stirrer. Two types of mixer models were studied by analyzing mixing behaviors such as their interaction after the stirrer. The mixing was calculated by Lattice Boltzmann methods using the D2Q9 model. In this study, the time-averaged mixing index formula was used to estimate the mixing performance of time-dependent flow. The mixing indices of the two models compared. From the results, it was found that the mixer with an oscillating stirrer was much more enhanced and stabilized. Therefore, an optimum design for a dynamic micro-mixer with an oscillating stirrer was performed using Taguchi method in order to obtain a robust solution. The design parameters were established as the frequency, the length and the angle of the stirrer and the optimal values were determined to be 2, 0.8D and ${\pm}75^{\circ}$, respectively. It was found that the mixing index of the optimal design increased 80.72% compared with that of the original design.