• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2012

Heavy metals and metalloids removal can be considered as one of the most important world challenges because of their toxicity and direct impact on human health. Many processes have been introduced but biological processes of remediation seem to offer the most suitable solution in terms of efficiency and low cost. Actinobacteria constitute one of the major microbial populations in soil, and this can be attributed to their adaptive morphological structure as well as their exceptional metabolic power. Among microbes, actinobacteria are morphologic intermediate between fungi and bacteria. Studies on microbial diversities in metal contaminated lands have shown that actinobacteria may constitute a dominantly active microbiota in addition to ${\alpha}$ Proteobacteria. Furthermore, isolation studies have shown metal removal mechanisms which are reminiscent of notable multiresistant strains, such as Cupriavidus metallidurans. Apart from members of genus Streptomyces, which produce more than 90% of commercialized antibiotics, and the nitrogen fixing Frankia, little attention has been given to other members of this phylum. This is because of difficult culture condition requirements and maintenance. In this review, we focused on specific isolation of actinobacteria and their potential applications in metal bioremediation and plant growth promotion.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2017

As a subset study for the collection of Korean indigenous prokaryotic species, 62 bacterial strains belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria were isolated from various sources. Each strain showed higher 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.75%) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with closest species of the phylum Actinobacteria which were defined with valid names, already. There is no official description on these 62 actinobacterial species in Korea. Consequently, unrecorded 62 species of 25 genera in the 14 families belonging to the order Actinomycetales of the phylum Actinobacteria were found in Korea. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The phylum Actinobacteria includes many groups of aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod, or filamentous shaped bacteria. Actinobacteria are known for multicellular differentiation in some groups, and also for production of various secondary metabolites such as antibiotics. During a series of extensive surveys of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, bacterial strains belonging to Actinobacteria were isolated from various sources of terrestrial environments. A total of 21 bacterial strains, belonging to 10 genera in 8 families, were isolated as unrecorded species in Korea. Among them, 11 were assigned to the family Streptomycetaceae, two species assigned to each of the families Microbacteriaceae, Mycobacteriaceae and Nocardioidaceae, and one species assigned to each of the families Euzebyaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae and Intrasporangiaceae. At the genus level, Streptomyces (10 species) was the most abundant, followed by Microbacterium and Mycolicibacterium(2 species each), and one species in each of the genera Corynebacterium, Euzebya, Arthrobacter, Terracoccus, Kribbella, Nocardioides and Yinghuangia. The detailed descriptions of each unrecorded species are provided.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2018

본 연구는 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 북한강 수계 3개의 연속댐(의암호(UA), 청평호(CP), 팔당호(PD))의 미소생물 군집과 이취미 농도와 관계를 알아보기 위해 환경요인, 이 취미 물질, 미소생물 군집 등을 조사하였다. 3개 저수지의 박테리아 군집은 주로 Actinobacteria와 Betaproteobacteria가 우점 분류군으로 나타났으며, 계절성은 나타나지 않았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 봄철, 규조류 및 은편모조류 여름철 남조류, 가을철 규조류 및 은편모조류 순서로 우점하는 계절성을 보였으며, 북한강 수계에서 출현한 남조류는 Dolichospermum spp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Pseudanabaena spp. 속이 우점 출현하였다. 북한강 수계에 출현한 미소생물 중 이취미 물질을 발생하는 분류군은 Actinobacteria와 남조 Anabaena, Pseudanabaena 속 등이며, 이취미 물질인 Geosmin과 2-MIB가 높게 나타났을 때, 높은 현존량으로 출현하였다. 미소생물과 이취미 물질의 상관관계는 Actinobacteria의 경우 2-MIB (r=0.491, p<0.01)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈으며, 남조류의 경우 geosmin (r=0.381, p<0.05), 2-MIB (r=0.386, p<0.05)와 유의한 상관성을 나타냈다. 따라서, 북한강 수계에서 나타나는 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria 및 남조류의 출현과 직접적인 관계가 있을 것으로 사료되며, 남조류 미출현 시 발생하는 높은 농도의 이취미 물질은 Actinobacteria가 생성하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2019

For the collection of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, 35 strains within the class Actinobacteria were isolated from various environmental samples (animals and clinical specimens) in 2017. Each strain showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.8%) and formed a robust clade with recognized actinobacterial species. The isolates were assigned to 35 species, 22 genera, 15 families, and 8 orders of the class Actinobacteria. There are no official descriptions of these 35 bacterial species in Korea. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are included in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2021

For the collection of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, 77 strains within the phylum Actinobacteria were isolated from various environmental samples, fermented foods, animals and clinical specimens in 2019. Each strain showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.8%) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with actinobacterial species that were already defined and validated with nomenclature. There is no official description of these 77 bacterial species in Korea. The isolates were assigned to 77 species, 31 genera, 18 families, 14 orders and 2 classes of the phylum Actinobacteria. All the strains except one Coriobacteriia strain were affiliated within the class Actinomycetia. Among them, the orders Streptomycetales and Microbacteriales were predominant. A number of strains were isolated from forest soils, riverside soils, and ginseng cultivated soils. Twenty-nine strains were isolated from 'Protected Ecosystem and Scenery Areas'. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

To discover and characterize indigenous species in Korea, a total of 31 bacterial strains that belong to the phylum Actinobacteria were isolated from various niches in Korea. Each strain showed the high sequence similarity (>99.1%) with the closest bacterial species, forming a robust phylogenetic clade. These strains have not been previously recorded in Korea. According to the recently updated taxonomy of the phylum Actinobacteria based upon 16S rRNA trees, we report 25 genera of 13 families within 5 orders of the class Actinobacteria as actinobacterial species found in Korea. Cellular morphology, Gram staining, basic biochemical characteristics are described in the species description.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.668-672
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• 2007

A microcosmal experiment using a metagenomic technique was designed to assess the effect of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) on an indigenous bacterial community in a Daejeon forest soil. A compositional shift of bacterial groups in an artificial BTEX-contaminated soil was examined by the 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE method. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNAs in the dominant DGGE bands showed that the number of Actinobacteria and Bacillus populations increased. To confirm these observations, we performed PCR to amplify the 23S rDNA and 16S rDNA against the sample metagenome using Actinobacteria-targeting and Bacilli-specific primer sets, respectively. The result further confirmed that a bacterial community containing Actinobacteria and Bacillus was affected by BTEX.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2010

비배양에 근거한 16S rDNA-DGGE fingerprinting 방법을 적용하여 공생세균 군집구조를 조사하였다. Zobell 배지와 천일염 배지를 사용하여 총 164균주를 선별하였다. 이들 균주로 부터 증폭한 16S rDNA를 제한효소 HaeIII와 MspI을 사용하여 절단한 후 각각의 다른 RFLP 패턴으로 구분하였다. RFLP패턴으로부터 유래한 16S rDNA의 염기서열 분석 결과, 알려진 염기서열들과 95% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes의 4개의 문이 나타났으며 우점 군집은 Alphaproteobacteria였다. 해면에서 분리한 total gDNA로 부터 증폭한 16S rDNA의 DGGE 분석 결과 5개의 DGGE band가 확인 되었고, 각각의 band의 염기서열 분석 결과 알려진 염기서열들과 96% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 band로부터 밝혀진 모든 서열들은 배양되지 않은 세균 클론들과 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. DGGE에 의한 공생세균 군집은 Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Spirochetes, Chloroflexi로 4개의 문(phylum)으로 나타났다. Spirastrella abata의 공생세균 군집에 대한 RFLP와 DGGE 적용 결과, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria의 공통 세균 그룹이 발견되었으나 전체적인 공생세균 군집구조는 분석 방법에 따른 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.235-250
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• 2020

작물 재배 방법이 토양의 미생물 군집 특성과 화학성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 이를 위해서 다섯 곳의 고추 관행 재배지와 다섯 곳의 유기농 재배지 토양을 채취한 후, 16S rRNA 유전자 기반의 파이로시퀀싱 기법으로 미생물 군집을 조사하였다. 분석 결과 총 22개의 세균 문으로 구성되었으며 Proteobacteria 문(33.0 ± 5.7%), Actinobacteria 문(19.9 ± 9.7%) 및 Firmicutes 문(13.6 ± 5.0%)이 우점하였고, 이들은 전체 상대풍부도의 66%를 차지하였다. 고추 관행 재배지와 유기농 재배지의 미생물 군집 분포를 비교했을 때 전반적으로 서로 다른 군집 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 관행 재배 토양에서는 Actinobacteria 문과 Chloroflexi 문이 상대적으로 풍부하였고, 유기 재배 토양에서는 Proteobacteria 문과 Firimicutes 문이 상대적으로 풍부하였다. 특히 Streptomyces 속과 Bacillus 속의 상대풍부도는 관행 재배 토양과 유기 재배 토양 간에 상당한 차이를 보였다. 또한 토양 화학 성에 의하여 세균 군집 변화가 관찰되었는데, Proteobacteria 문의 Rhizobiales 목과 Actinobacteria 문의 Streptomyces 속은 pH에 의해 세균 군집이 바뀌었고, Firimicutes 문의 Bacillus 속은 유기물 함량에 의해 군집 분포가 바뀌었다. 본 연구결과는 재배관리에 따른 토양의 물리-화학성의 변화가 미생물 군집 분포에 뚜렷하게 관련(p<0.05)되어 있다는 것을 보여주었다.