• Title/Summary/Keyword: Acoustic Streaming

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Haptic recognition of the palm using ultrasound radiation force and its application (초음파 방사힘을 이용한 손바닥의 촉각 인식과 응용)

  • Kim, Sun Ae;Kim, Tae Yang;Lee, Yeol Eum;Lee, Soo Yeon;Jeong, Mok Kun;Kwon, Sung Jae
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.467-475
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    • 2019
  • A high-intensity ultrasound wave generates acoustic streaming and acoustic radiation forces when propagating through a medium. An acoustic radiation force generated in a three-dimensional space can produce a solid tactile sensation, delivering spatial information directly to the human skin. We placed 154 ultrasound transmit elements with a frequency of 40 kHz on a concave circular dish, and generated an acoustic radiation force at the focal point by transmitting the ultrasound wave. To feel the tactile sensation better, the transmit elements were excited by sine waves whose amplitude was modulated by a 60 Hz square wave. As an application of ultrasonic tactile sensing, a region where tactile sense is formed in the air is used as an indicator for the position of the hand. We confirmed the utility of ultrasonic tactile feedback by implementing a system that provides the number of fingers to a machine by receiving the shape of the hand at the focal point where the tactile sense is detected.

Real time measurement of an acoustic stream by a visualization technique, PIV (PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry)에 의한 음향류의 실시간 가시화 계측)

  • 도덕희
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1998.06c
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    • pp.239-242
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    • 1998
  • A new real time sound field visualization technique is introduced in this study using PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique. Small particles of which density is small enough to follow up the air flow are used for sound visualization. When the driving frequency is in the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the simplified 2-dimensional muffler system, an acoustic streaming is shown and of which velocity distribution is obtained through PIV technique. It is experimentally proved that the present technique is able to visualize and quantify the sound field's energy flow.

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An Experimental Study of Accelerating Phase Change Heat Transfer

  • Oh, Yool-Kwon;Park, Seul-Hyun;Cha, Kyung-Ok
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.1882-1891
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    • 2001
  • The present paper investigated the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the melting process of a phase-change material (PCM). Furthermore, the present study considered constant heat flux boundary conditions unlike many of the previous researches adopted constant wall temperature conditions. Therefore, in the present study, modified dimensionless parameters such as Ste* and Ra* were used. Also, general relationships between melting with ultrasonic vibrations and melting without ultrasonic vibrations were established during the melting of PCM. Experimental observations show that the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on heat transfer is very important throughout the melting process. The results of the present study reveal that ultrasonic vibrations accompany the effects like agitation, acoustic streaming, cavitation, and oscillating fluid motion. Such effects are a prime mechanism in the overall melting process when ultrasonic vibrations are applied. They enhance the melting process as much as 2.5 tildes, compared with the result of natural melting. Also, energy can be saved by applying ultrasonic vibrations to the natural melting. In addition, various time-wise dimensionless numbers provide conclusive evidence of the important role of ultrasonic vibrations on the melting phenomena.

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Evaluate the Effect of Megasonic Cleaning on Pattern Damage (메가소닉 세정시 발생되는 패턴손상 최소화에 대한 연구)

  • Yu, Dong-Hyun;Ahn, Young-Ki;Ahn, Duk-Min;Kim, Tae-Sung;Lee, Hee-Myoung;Kim, Jeong-In;Lee, Yang-Lae;Kim, Hyun-Se;Lim, Eui-Su
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2008.11b
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    • pp.2511-2514
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    • 2008
  • As the minimum feature size decreases, techniques to avoid contamination and processes to maintain clean wafer surfaces have become very important. The deposition and detachment of nanoparticles from surfaces are major problem to integrated circuit fabrication. Therefore, cleaning technology which reduces nanoparticles is essential to increase yield. Previous megasonic cleaning technology has reached the limits to reduce nanoparticles. Megasonic cleaning is one of the efficiency method to reduce contamination nanoparticle. Two major mechanisms are active in a megasonic cleaning, namely, acoustic streaming and cavitation. Acoustic streaming does not lead to sufficiently strong force to cause damage to the substrates or patterns. Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon of light emission associated with the cavitation of a bubble under ultrasound. We studied a correlation between sonoluminescence and sound pressure distribution for the minimum of pattern damage in megasonic cleaning.

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Acoustic Enhancement of Solid-Liquid Phase Change Heat Transfer (음향 흐름에 의한 고-액 상변화 열 전달의 촉진)

  • 박설현;오율권
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.262-268
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    • 2002
  • The present paper investigated the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the melting process of phase-change materials (PCM). Furthermore, the present study considered constant heat-flux boundary condition, whereas many of the previous researches had adopted constant wall-temperature condition. The results of the present study revealed that ultrasonic vibrations accompanied the effects like acoustic streaming, cavitation, and thermally-oscillating flow. Such effects are a prime mechanism in the overall melting process when ultrasonic vibrations are applied. They speed up the melting process as much as 2.5 times, compared with the result of natural melting. Also, energy can be saved by applying ultrasonic vibrations to the natural melting. In addition, temperature and Nusselt numbers over time provided a conclusive evidence of the important role of ultrasonic vibrations on the melting phenomena.

Application of Ultrasonic for agglomeration of fine soot particles (미세 매연입자의 응집을 위한 초음파장의 적용)

  • Jeong, Sang-Hyun;Hong, Won-Seok;Shim, Sung-Hun;Kim, Yong-Jin;Lee, Sung-Bum
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2003
  • Ultrasonic field of 28kHz with sound pressure level 162dB has been employed to agglomerate the fine soot particle produces in a diffusion flame in a chamber. The agglomeration process has been investigated with digital camcorder and analysed in terms of the decrease of number density with exposure time. From the observation of agglomeration process, the initial agglomeration has been carried out during the short time, and it has been dominated by the orthokinetic collision. Thereafter, a slower agglomeration mechanism, driven by acoustic streaming in the chamber takes over and agglomeraters grew to diameters of several millimeters were levitated at the pressure node of the acoustic wave. And, the circular disk shape of large agglomeraters with the rotational and translational motion is observed.

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A novel Method for Blood Typing using Acoustic Streaming (음향적 흐름을 이용한 혈액형 분석을 위한 새로운 방법)

  • Choi, Hyunjoo;Jang, Woong Sik;Nam, Jeonghun;Lim, Chae Seung
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.250-255
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    • 2018
  • Accurate blood typing is the crucial factor for safe and successful blood transfusion and plays a very important role in organ transplantation and genetic information of forensic medicine. Microfluidic devices have been developed to overcome the limitations of the conventional blood typing methods. In this study, we demonstrate a Lamb wave-based device for simple blood typing in a sample droplet and we propose new indices for quantitative and accurate blood typing. Using Lamb wave-induced acoustic streaming in the droplet, the blood sample and the reagent can be mixed rapidly and red blood cells start to form clumps, which is agglutination. Based on the recorded image and video, the intensity of transmitted light through the sample droplet is evaluated to determine the blood type. Effect of the concentration of suspended red blood cells was evaluated and we found that 10% concentration of suspended red blood cells was suitable to observe the difference between aggregated and non-aggregated samples. Finally, sample with blood type A could be determined using anti-A reagent in our Lamb wave-based device. Our device enables simple and accurate blood typing, which can be applied to resource-limited environments.

Non-contact Transportation of Flat Panel Substrate by Combined Ultrasonic Acoustic Viscous and Aerostatic Forces

  • Isobe, Hiromi;Fushimi, Masaaki;Ootsuka, Masami;Kyusojin, Akira
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.44-48
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    • 2007
  • In recent years, the size of plane substrates and semiconductor wafers has increased. As conventional contact transportation systems composed of, for example, carrier rollers, belt conveyers, and robot hands carry these longer and wider substrates, the increased weight results in increased potential for fracture. A noncontact transportation system is required to solve this problem. We propose a new noncontact transportation system combining acoustic viscous and aerostatic forces to provide damage-free transport. In this system, substrates are supported by aerostatic force and transported by acoustic viscous streaming induced by traveling wave deformation of a disk-type stator. A ring-type piezoelectric transducer bonded on the stator excites vibration. A stator with a high Q piezoelectric transducer can generate traveling vibrations with amplitude of $3.2{\mu}m$. Prior to constructing a carrying road for substrates, we clarified the basic properties of this technique and stator vibration characteristics experimentally. We constructed the experimental equipment using a rotational disk with a 95-mm diameter. Electric power was 70 W at an input voltage of 200 Vpp. A rotational torque of $8.5\times10^{-5}Nm$ was obtained when clearance between the stator and disk was $120{\mu}m$. Finally, we constructed a noncontact transport apparatus for polycrystalline silicon wafers $(150(W)\times150(L)\times0.3(t))$, producing a carrying speed of 59.2 mm/s at a clearance of 0.3 mm between the stator and wafer. The carrying force when four stators acted on the wafer was $2\times10^{-3}N$. Thus, the new noncontact transportation system was demonstrated to be effective.

An Experimental Study of enhancing heat transfer by Ultrasonic Vibration (초음파 가진에 따른 열전달 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Youn, Joung-Hwan;Oh, Yool-Kwon;Cha, Kyung-Ok
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.11b
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2001
  • This study presents experimental work on phase change heat transfer, in order to increase heat transfer rate, ultrasonic vibrations were introduced. Solid-liquid phase change occurs in a number of situations of practical interest. This study reveal that ultrasonic vibrations accompany the effects like agitation, acoustic streaming, cavitation, and oscillating fluid motion. Such effects are a prime mechanism in the overall melting process when ultrasonic vibrations are applied. Some common examples include the melting of edible oil, metallurgical process such as casting and welding, and materials science applications such as crystal growth. Therefore, this study presented the effective way to enhance phase change heat transfer.

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Reevaluation of hydrogen gas dissolved cleaning solutions in single wafer megasonic cleaning

  • Kim, Hyeok-Min;Gang, Bong-Gyun;Lee, Seung-Ho;Kim, Jeong-In;Lee, Hui-Myeong;Park, Jin-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.34.1-34.1
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    • 2009
  • 1970년대 WernerKern에 의해서 개발된 RCA 습식 세정 공정은 이후 메가소닉 기술 개발과 더불어 현재까지반도체 세정 공정에서 필수 공정으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 반도체패턴의 고집적화 미세화에 따라 메가소닉을 기반으로 하는 세정기술은 패턴 붕괴 및 나노 입자 제거의 한계를 드러내면서 난관에 봉착하고 있으며, 특히, 기존의 Batch식에서 매엽식으로 세정 방식이 전환은 새로운 개념의 메가소닉 기술 개발을 요구하게 되었다. 메가소닉을 사용한습식 세정공정은 메가소닉에 의한 캐비테이션 효과 (Cavitation Effect)에 따른 충격파 및음압 (Acoustic Streaming)에 의한 입자제거를 주요 메커니즘으로 한다. 메가소닉 주파수와 Boundary Layer 두께는, $\delta=\surd(2v/\omega)$($\delta$=두께, v=유체속도), $\omega=2{\pi}f$ (f=주파수), 으로 표현할 수 있다. 위의 식에 따르면, 메가소닉을 이용한 세정공정에서 주파수가 높아질수록 Boundary Layer의 두께가 감소하며, 이는제거 가능한 입자의 크기가 작아짐을 의미하며, 다시말해, 1 MHz 보다 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정장비에서 미세 입자 세정에 유리함을 예상할 수 있다. 본연구에서는 매엽식 세정장비를 사용하여, 1MHz 및 2MHz 콘-타입 (Cone-Type) 메가소닉 장치를 100nm이하 세정 입자에 대한 입자 제거효율을 평가하였다. 입자 제거 효율을 평가하기 위하여, 표준 형광입자(63nm/104nm 형광입자, Duke Scientifics, USA)를각각 IPA에 분산시킨 후, 실리콘 쿠폰 웨이퍼 ($20mm{\times}20mm$)를 일정시간 동안 Dipping 한 후, 고순도 질소로 건조시켜 오염하였다. 매엽식 세정장비(Aaron, Korea)에 1MHz와 2MHz의 콘-타입메가소닉 발진기 (Durasonic, Korea)를 각각 장착하였다.입자 오염 및 세정 후 입자 개수 측정 및 오염입자의 Mapping은 형광현미경 (LV100D, Nikon, Japan)과 소프트웨어(Image-proPlus, MediaCybernetics, USA)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, Hydrophone을 사용하여 메가소닉에서 발생되는 음압의 균일도를 각 조건에서 측정하였다. 각각의 세정공정은 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉 발진기 각각에서 1W, 3W, 5W 파워로 1분간 처리하였으며, 매질을 초순수를 사용하였다. 104nm 형광 입자는 1MHz 와 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정기와 모든 세정 공정조건에서 약 99%의 세정효율인 반면, 63nm 형광입자의 경우는 전체적인세정 결과가 80% 대로 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 입자크기의 미세화에 따른 입자제거효율이 크게 감소 하는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 기존 Batch식 메가소닉 대비 단시간 및 낮은 전압에서 동일 혹은높은 세정 효율을 얻었다. 다만, 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉에서의 세정력은 큰 차이를 관찰 할 수 없었는데, 주파수변화에 따른 세정효율 측정을 위하여 미세 입자를 사용한 추가 실험이 필요 할 것이다.

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