• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2021

Background: Factors related to root causes can cause commonly occurring accidents such as falls, slips, and jammed injuries. An important means of reducing the frequency of occupational accidents in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMSEs) of South Korea is to perform intensity analysis of the root cause factors for accident prevention in the cause and effect model like decision models, epidemiological models, system models, human factors models, LCU (life change unit) models, and the domino theory. Especially intensity analysis in a robot system and smart technology as Industry 4.0 is very important in order to minimize the occupational accidents and fatal accident because of the complexity of accident factors. Methods: We have developed the modern cause and effect model that includes factors of root cause through statistical testing to minimize commonly occurring accidents and fatal accidents in SMSEs of South Korea and systematically proposed educational policies for accident prevention. Results: As a result, the consciousness factors among factors of root cause such as unconsciousness, disregard, ignorance, recklessness, and misjudgment had strong relationships with occupational accidents in South Korean SMSEs. Conclusion: We conclude that the educational policies necessary for minimizing these consciousness factors include continuous training procedures followed by periodic hands-on experience, along with perceptual and cognitive education related to occupational health and safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.130-135
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• 2011

This study deals with the accident models of arterial road sections. The objectives is to develop the models by number of lane. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular emphasis to dividing the 474 small link sections, collecting the accident data of 2007, and applying the statistical programs of SPSS17.0 and NLOGIT4.0. The main results are as follows. First, the number of accidents of two-lane roads were analyzed to be 59.9% of totals and to be the most of all. Second, one Poisson and two negative binomial regression models which were all statistically significant were developed. Finally, the common variables of all models were evaluated to be ADT and number of exit/entry which were all positive to the accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2017

This paper deals with the traffic factors related to the collisions of circular intersections. The purpose of this study is to develop traffic accident models by type of collision based on land use. In pursuing the above, the traffic accident data from 2010 to 2014 were collected from the "Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS)" data set of the Road Traffic Authority. A multiple regression model was utilized in this study to develop the traffic accident models by type of collision. 17 explanatory variables such as geometry and traffic volume factors were used. The main results are as follows. First, the null hypothesis that the type of land use does not affect the number of accidents by type of collision is rejected. Second, 10 accident models by type of collision based on land use are developed, which are all statistically significant. Finally, the ADT, inscribed circle diameter, bicycle lane, area of central island, number of speed hump, circulatory roadway width, splitter island, area of circulatory roadway, mean number of entry lane and mean width of entry lane are analyzed to see how they affect accident by type of accident based on land use.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

This study deals with the traffic accident of arterial link sections in the case of Cheongju. The purpose of the study is to develop the traffic accident model by the function of arterial links. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the appropriate models using the accident data of main and minor arterial roads divided by 472 small link sections. The main results analyzed are as follows. First, as the t test on the accident characteristics of main and minor arterial roads shows that there are differences in the number of accident and EPDO(equivalent property damage only) between two roads, the development of models by function is analyzed to be appropriate. Second, it is analyzed that ZINB models are all statistically suitable to the number of accident and EPDO of main arterial roads. Third, the analysis shows that EPDOs of minor arterial roads fit to ZINB, and the number of the accident fit to ZIP model. Finally, the common variables of main arterial roads are evaluated to be the traffic volume and the number of inflection point, and those of minor be the average grade.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

A traffic accident prediction model developed using various design variables(road design variables, geometric variables, and traffic environmental variables) is one of the most important factors to safety design evaluation system for roads. However, statistical accident models have a crucial problem not applicable for all intersections. To make up this problem, this study developed AMFs(Accident Modification Factors) through statistical modeling methods, historical accident databases, judgment from traffic experts, and literature review by considering design variable's characteristics, traffic accident rates, and traffic accident frequency. AMFs developed in this study include exclusive left-turn lane, exclusive right-turn lane, sight distance, and intersection angle. Predictabilities of the developed AMFs and the existing accident prediction models are compared with real accident historical data. The results showed that performances of the developed AMFs are superior to the existing statistical accident prediction models. These findings show that AMFs should be considered as a important process to develop safety design evaluation algorithms. Additionally, AMFs could be used as an index that can judge the impact of corresponding design variables on accidents in rural intersections.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

This study deals with the traffic accident of the Cheongju arterial link sections. The purpose of the study is to develop the traffic accident model. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the ZAM(zero-altered model) model using the accident data of arterial roads devided by 322 small link sections. The main results analyzed by ZIP(zero inflated Poisson model) and ZINB(zero inflated negative binomial model) which are the methods of ZAM, are as follows. First, the evaluation of various developed models by the Vuong statistic and t statistic for overdispersion parameter ${\alpha}$ shows that ZINB is analyzed to be optimal among Poisson, NB, ZIP(zero-inflated Poisson) and ZINB regression models. Second, ZINB is evaluated to be statistically significant in view of t, ${\rho}$ and ${\rho}^2$ (0.63) values compared to other models. Finally, the accident factors of ZINB models are developed to be the traffic volume(ADT), number of entry/exit and length of median. The traffic volume(ADT) and the number of entry/exit are evaluated to be the '+' factors and the length of median to be '-' factor of the accident.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop models of accidents occurring at circular intersections related to the time of day and night and driver gender, and to provide countermeasures for safer circular intersections. METHODS : Seventy intersections built before 2008 were surveyed for inclusion in the modeling. Traffic accident data from 2008 to 2014 were collected from the TAAS data set of the Road Traffic Authority. Sixteen variables explaining the accidents including geometry and traffic volume were selected from the literature and seven multiple linear regression models were developed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS : First, the null hypotheses, that the number of traffic accidents are not related to driver gender or time of day, were rejected at a 5% level of significance. Second, seven statistically significant accident models with $R^2$ value of 0.643-0.890 were developed. Third, in daytime models by gender, when the right-turn-only lane was selected as the common variable, the number of lanes, presence of driveways and speed humps, diagrammatic exit destination sign, and total entering traffic volume were evaluated as specific variables. Finally, in nighttime models by gender, when the diagrammatic exit destination sign was selected as the common variable, total entering traffic volume, presence of right-turn-only lanes, number of circulatory road way lanes, and presence of splitter islands and driveways were identified as specific variables. CONCLUSIONS:This study developed seven accident models and analyzed the common and specific variables by time of day and gender. The results suggest approaches to providing countermeasures for safer circular intersections.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2019

KIDAS (Korean In-Depth Accident Study) is a data structure of accident investigation type, vehicle breakage and human injury database. A consortium of research institutes, universities, and medical institutions has been established and operated. KIDAS has the strongest difference from the TAAS (Traffic Accident Analysis System), which is the data of the National Police Agency, that it can grasp the injury information of passengers. In this study, the mean age and weight of the most frequent accident types in the KIDAS accident statistics were calculated to determine the degree of injury according to gender. Through the MADYMO analysis, it is aimed to grasp the difference of dummy injury using commercial dummy models and scaling models are currently used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.128-133
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• 2017

This study deals with the roundabout traffic accidents by traffic impeding factor. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the characteristics of accidents and to develop the accident models. In pursuing the above, this study used a statistical program SPSS 20.0 to analyze 2,342 accidents occurred within 79 roundabouts in Korea. The main results are as follows. First, 4 accident models which were all statistically significant were developed. Second, the traffic volume and width of right-turn-only lane were analyzed to be common variable in the bus stop related models. The variables such as right-turn-only lane, street light, turning radius of entry lane were selected as specific variables. Especially street light and turning radius of entry lane were evaluated to have negative effects to the accidents. It is, therefore, essential to install the street light and place a sufficient turning radius in order to reduce the roundabout accidents. Finally, the traffic volume and number of entry lane were analyzed to be common variable in the on-street parking related models. Also, the width of right-turn-only lane and bus stop were evaluate to be specific variables in the model with on-street parking. This can be expected to give some implications to making the accident reduction guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

The purposes of this study are to analyze the characteristics and to develop the models of traffic accidents. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the models(multiple linear, poisson and negative binomial regression) using the data of Cheongju and Cheongwon signalized intersections. The main results analyzed are as follows. First, the accident characteristics of rural area were defined by factor. Second, 4 accident models which are all statistically significant were developed. Finally, such the variables as $X_2$ and $X_{11}$ were evaluated to be specific variables which reflect the characteristics of rural area.