• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.282-291
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• 2013

Rapid loss in viability of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed is a major problem. Present effort was undertaken for developing a set pattern for assessing of viability and vigour in seed of various mother tree age of neem (Age I-06 years, Age II-15 years, Age III-25 years and Age IV->30 years old). Various viability test viz. triphenyle tetrazolium chloride test, electrical conductivity, excised embryo test, and germination test have been performed on seeds obtained from mother tree age classes. Inconsistency was observed with the TTC and EC test in germination of seed in laboratory as well as nursery. While various vigour tests viz. cold test, chemical stress test (methanol stress test), and accelerated ageing test alongwith ageing index, germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and various seedling growth parameters like seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices i.e. vigour index, sturdiness quotient, volume index, quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as well have been taken for study and showed better consistency. On the basis present study results of various viability and vigour test indicated that mother tree age class II performed better in comparison to others and it can be recommended for seed collection. Further it is also recommended that viability of neem seed may be assessed using various laboratory tests like excise embryo test and germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and vigour test may be taken preferably by cold germination test, chemical (methanol) stress test, accelerated ageing test in laboratory and germination alongwith various seedling growth parameters seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices like Vigour Index, Sturdiness quotient, Volume Index, Quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as discussed in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.503-515
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• 2019

In this study we estimate the survival function of duration of the legislative processes in the 17th, 18th, and 19th National Assembly of Korea, and further analyze effects of the political situation variables on the legislative process. We define the termination of legislative process from a novel perspective to alleviate issues of dependency between censoring and failure in the data. We also show that the proportional hazards assumption does not hold for the data, and analyze data employing a log-normal accelerated failure time model. The policy areas of law agendas are shown to affect the speed of legislative process in different ways and legislative process tends to be prompt in times of divided governments.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.299-311
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• 2022

Rocks exposed to the surface are subject to long-term weathering, and such effects weaken their engineering stability. Especially as weathering progresses, the surface of rocks will be changed by weathering, and such surface changes will affect the engineering safety of the rock mass. In addition, the chemical species produced in the weathered rock have a direct effect on the surrounding environment or on the structure. In areas where rocks are exposed, such as mining areas, chemical species produced by weathering can have a serious impact on the surrounding natural environment. In this study, accelerated weathering experiments using freeze/thaw system were conducted on rocks that had already been weathered and fresh rocks, and surface changes of each rock were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and chemical species were analyzed using IC/ICP-MS. As the weathering progressed, the surface roughness decreased, and the amount of chemical species produced increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data for evaluating engineering/environmental safety in areas where rocks are exposed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 2004

The effect of $CO_2$ concentration (500, 3,000, $6,000{\mu}{\ell}/{\ell}$) on the mycelial growth and fruit body primordium formation of Ganoderma lucidum on nutrient agar medium was examined. Optimum $CO_2$ concentration for vegetative growth was above $3,000{\mu}{\ell}/{\ell}$. Fruit body initiation was accelerated at higher than $3,000{\mu}{\ell}/{\ell}$ $CO_2$ exposure but the maximum number and size of primordia, and primordium color were not influenced by $CO_2$ concentrations. Whereas each atypical fruiting structure forming stock culture showed different fruiting time under each concentration of $CO_2$ exposure.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-169
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• 2012

We introduce a Heaviside-function formulation of the interaction between incompressible two-phase fluid and a non-deformable solid. Fluid and solid interact in two ways : fluid satises the Dirichlet boundary condition imposed by the velocity field of solid, and solid is accelerated by the surface traction exerted by fluid. The two-way couplings are formulated by the Heaviside function to the interface between solid and fluid. The cumbersome treatment of interface is taken care of by the Heaviside function, and the interaction is discretized in a simple manner. The discretization results in a stable and accurate projection method.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.265-268
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• 1984

Rates of reactions of nine m-or p-substituted phenacyl bromides with quinoline in methanol were measured by an electric conductivity method. These reactions were found to proceed through an $S_N2$ path and were accelerated by both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. A plausible reaction mechanism for this observation was proposed. Some activation parameters for these reactions were also calculated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

As database become more variable and multimedia, the integration between conventional library based on printed matter and digital library on IT makes it accelerated that the changes in today's information circumstances. Due to more leisure time modern people who get intellectual and interested in variety so they need continuing education, intellectual satisfaction and cultural life. Consequently today's public library expands to become a source of every kind of information, an educational facility and community facility to fulfill the cultural needs. On the assumption above, this study aims at offering database for planning public library that meets the needs for multifunctional library through analyzing space, structure, and character of modern public libraries and chooses 8 cases in Japan provide both primary and additional functions. Quantitative data from blueprints, websites and publications has been collected to analyze the space arrangement corresponding with the functional characteristics.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

Trying to give an overview of home informationization accelerated by the information age, the main purpose of this research is to suggest a guide for home Economics to adjust to the era. While the informatinization in home provides convenience and plays a major role to improve the quality of the life there are still many problems to be reflected on. First of all in order to utilize a variety of information devices it is needed that technical index related to home management such as home information device index and the expenditure on information is studied. Secondly, it is needed to predict possible home life style in the future and build up the ability to adjust to the change. Therefore, in the field of home economics, developing programs to offer the better chance of education on home life and culture, values, relationships, capability to enhance home life etc, is in urgent need of reflection.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

In this paper, we fabricated an apparatus of the electro-chemical discharge drilling for boring narrow through-hole into a glass. In the electrolyte, electro-chemical discharge creates high temperature condition by the electro-discharge energy. Therefore, glass are removed by the accelerated chemical reaction with glasses and chemicals in the high temperature condition. For optimization of the electro-chemical discharge drilling, the process condition was studied experimentally as a function of the electrolyte concentration, supply voltage and process time. The optimum condition was from DC25V to DC30V of applied voltage, 35 wt% NaOH solution.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1993

Aryl carbenic anion radicals have been generated from the corresponding alkoxy-aryl diazo compounds by unimolecular decomposition reaction in various electrolyte/solvent systems. The electrochemical reductions of alkoxy-aryl diazo compounds in the electrolyte/solvent system are shown to initially be a one-electron process which affords the corresponding anion radicals. The unimolecular loss of nitrogen is favored at the propagation step and accelerated by the oxygen and carbon atoms of alkoxy group adjacent to the diazo function. The structure of the carbene anion radical in the termination is considered to be a resonance hybrid.