• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the effects of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on growth performance, immune organ weights, blood biochemical parameters and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in broiler chicks. A total of 120 4-day-old birds were given a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (AS1) or 1.0% (AS2) AS powder until the birds were 35 days of age. There was no difference in body weight, total gain, feed intake or immune organ weights among the treatment groups. However, the feed conversion ratio in the AS2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that in the CON group. Serum biochemical components, including AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), albumin and total protein, were not affected by the dietary treatments, whereas glucose and triglyceride levels increased (p<0.05) in the AS2 group compared with the CON group. The AS1 group exhibited decreased mRNA expression (p<0.05) of IFN-${\gamma}$ in white blood cells and iNOS in the liver compared with the CON group. The other pro-inflammatory cytokines were unaffected by dietary AS supplementation, although there was a trend towards decreased expression of these genes, including those encoding Il-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.5% AS decreased the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting growth performance, suggesting that this supplement might be applicable as an immunoregulatory feed additive in broiler chicks.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Fruit wine from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(A. sessiliflorus) including many pharmacological components was manufactured and its functional properties were investigated. The fruit part of A. sessiliflorus contained 75.74${\pm}$0.49%(w/w) moisture, 12.51${\pm}$1.23%(w/w) crude protein, 4.20${\pm}$0.51.%(w/w) crude fat and 5.21${\pm}$1.64%(w/w) crude ash. Minerals of fruit were potassium(12.94${\pm}$0.08 mg/g), calcium(1.53${\pm}$0.06 mg/g) and magnesium(1.12${\pm}$0.05 mg/g). Initial soluble solid and fermentation temperature were 24-30$^{\circ}$Brix and 20${^{\circ}C}$ for manufacturing fruit wine from A. sessiliflorus. When initial soluble solid of a must was adjusted to more than 30$^{\circ}$Brix, ethanol production was suppressed slightly. The polyphenol content of the fruit wine fermented at 20${^{\circ}C}$(125.24${\pm}$1.86 mg/mL) was higher than those at 25${^{\circ}C}$(99.69${\pm}$2.11 mg/mL) and 30${^{\circ}C}$(95.55${\pm}$1.54 mg/mL). Electron donating activities of wines fermented at 20, 25 and 30${^{\circ}C}$ were 85.9${\pm}$2.3, 55.7${\pm}$2.5 and 55.2${\pm}$3.4%, respectively. The content of eleutheroside B increased up to 146.58${\pm}$4.10 $\mu$g/mL during fermentation. There was no significant effect of fermentation temperature on eleutheroside B content. The fruit part of A. sessiliflorus can be used as a valuable resource for development of nutraceutical foods.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2011

Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (A. sessiliflorus) has been known as a traditional medicine having anti-stress, antioxidative and platelet aggregation inhibitory effects. This study was undertaken to investigate the functional properties of water extracts from four parts of A. sessiliflorus. Root, stem, leaf and fruit extracts from A. sessiliflorus were prepared with hot water ($80^{\circ}C$). The contents of functional substances, eleutheroside B and E, polyphenol, antioxidative activity, nitrite scavenging ability and anti-cancer activity of the extracts were determined. The contents of eleutheroside E in stem, root and fruit extracts were 542.50 ${\mu}$g/g, 343.35 ${\mu}$g/g and 30.78 ${\mu}$g/g, respectively. A large part of eleutheroside B was found in fruit (372.01 ${\mu}$g/g) and root (289.33 ${\mu}$g/g) extracts. Root and stem extracts contained 227.21 mg/100g and 131.22 mg/100g of polyphenols, respectively. Antioxidative activities (electron donating ability) of stem and root extracts were 79.87% and 77.27%, respectively. It appears that the antioxidative activities were related to polyphenol contents of the extracts. Most extracts showed 76-81.5% of nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. It reveals that water extract from parts of A. sessiliflorus can inhibit formation of nitrosoamine in food. Effects of the extracts on the growth of normal and cancer cell lines were investigated. Extracts showed no cytotoxicity to normal dendritic cell line (DC2.4). Especially, the root extract promoted the growth of normal cell line. Root and stem extracts had 20-23% of inhibitory effect against stomach cancer cell line (SNU-719) and liver cancer cell line (Hep3B). These result indicated that the extracts from A. sessiliflorus can be used as functional food materials with antioxidative activity and nitrite scavenging ability to eliminate nitrosoamine in food.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.555-564
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• 2023

In this study, the anti-oxidant activity, elastase inhibitory activity, and skin moisturizing effect of mixed extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus and Citrus unshiu fermented with Bovista plumbea (B-MEAC) were evaluated to verify the availability as a material for inner beauty. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of B-MEAC was showed in a dose-dependent manner (SC₅₀=156.1±0.82 ㎍/ml). Also, B-MEAC inhibited the elastase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001). To study the effect of B-MEAC on mouse skin hydration, skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measured. As a result, skin moisture content increased (p<0.001) and TEWL decreased (p<0.01) compared to the dry-induced control group. The effect on the change of collagen fibers in the dry-induced mouse skin was examined through Masson's trichrome staining. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the amount of collagen relatively increased compared to the control group, and the intensity of blue color increased. The effect on the moisturizing function of the dry-induced mouse skin was examined by Western blot method. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein decreased compared to the control group. In addition, the expression level of collagen1A1 (COL1A1), hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS2), filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) recovered (p<0.001). Therefore, these results suggest the potential of B-MEAC as a skin hydration agent for inner beauty.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of $7.25{\pm}0.21kg$) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.05). The interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, ${\alpha}$-acid glycoprotein (${\alpha}$-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-47
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• 1998

This study examined ecophysiological characteristics, cultivation methods and planting uses of tree and shrub species native to Kangwon province and valuable as landscape plants. The results were as followos : 1. 73 species selected as shrubs were ; Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron micranthum, Abelia mosanensis, Abeliophyllum distichum, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Acanthopanax senticosus, Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum etc. 2. 38 species selected as trees were ; Cornus controversa, Sorbus commixta, Malus baccata, Prunus padus, Acer triflorum, Acer tegmentosum, Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Sorbus alnifolia etc. 3. Shade-tolerant species were ; Abies koreana, Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron micranthum, Prunus padus, Sorbus commixta, Acer triflorum, Rhus japonica, Cornus kousa, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Sorbus alnifolia, Magnolia sieboldii, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Berberis koreana, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus. 4. Species growing well even in less fertile soils were ; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus dentata, Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhus japonica, Quercus acutissima, Albizzia julibrissin, Sorbus alnifolia, Staphylea bumalda, Philadelphus schrenckii, Clerodendron trichotomum, Deutzia coreana, Weigela florida, Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lindera obtusiloba. 5. Salt-tolerant species were ; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus aliena, Prunus padus, Styrax japonica, Quercus dentata, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Albizzia julibrissin, Tilia amurensis, Forsythia koreana, Lonicera maackii, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Clerodendron trichotomum, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Abelia mosanensis, Deutzia coreana, Viburnum carlesii, Rhus japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Callicarpa dichotoma, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus. 6. Pollutant-tolerant species were ; Styrax japonica, Prunus padus, Quercus dentata, Kalopanax pictus, Chionanthus retusa, Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Styrax obassia, Forsythia koreana, Kpiraea salicifolia, Clerodendron trichotomum, Viburnum sargentii, Viburnum carlesii, Weigela florida and Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2010

This study investigated the anti-diabetic effects of the mixed water extract (JDG 100) composed of Lycii Cortex, Acanthopanax senticosus and Cordyceps militaris on glucose-regulating key enzymes such as glucokinase (GK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In the current study, HepG2 cells were exposed to pathological condition such as hyperglycemic condition (4.5 g glucose/L) with JDG 100 and then experiments such as RT-PCR and Western blotting were carried out. JDG 100 treated cells increased to $168{\pm}0.04%$ and $182.4{\pm}0.03%$ in GK mRNA and protein expressions, respectively, compared to control. Treatment of the JDG 100 up-regulated ACC mRNA ($127.3{\pm}0.02%$) and protein ($126.7{\pm}0.24%$) of HepG2 cells in the high glucose media. These observations suggest that JDG 100 mixed water extract may have a potential as an anti-diabetic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2006

The vascular plants of this site were identified as 641 taxa through field investigation; 101 families, 340 genera, 547 species, 80 varieties, 12 forms, 1 subspecies and 1 hybrid. Based on the Rare plants of the Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 9 taxa were listed except implanted species; Loranthus tanakae, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida, Cypripedium macranthum, Schpolia japonioa, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Rhododendron micranthum. Based on the Korean endemic plants, 18 taxa were listed; Salix purpurea var, japonica, Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum for. misnadrum, Persicaria lapathifolia for. alba, Pseudostellaria sylvatica, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Corydalis maculata, Corydazis albipetala, Corydalis grandicazyx, Cardamine amaraeiormis, Chrysosplenium barbatum, Filipendula glaberrima, Lespedeza x tomentella, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Melampyrum setaceum var. nakaianum, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsute, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea pseudogracilis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 81 taxa (12.6%); Prunus yedoensis in class V, 13 taxa (Thuja orientalis, Cimicifuga heracleiiolia, Sedum middendorffianutn, Rhododendron micranthum, etc.) in class IV, 17 taxa (Equisetum palustre, Aceriphyllum rossii, Angelica gigas, Cirsium setidens, etc.) in class III, 15 taxa (Heloniopsis orientalis, Lychnis cognata, Saxifraga oblongifolia, Viola orientalis, etc.) in class II, 35 taxa (Hosta capitata, Cimicifuga simplex, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Campanula punctata, etc.) in class I. So, the naturalized plants were listed 53 taxa and the naturalization index was 8.2%, urbanization index was 20.7%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9341-9346
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• 2014

Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L) Merr (AT) is commonly used as an herbal medicine and edible plant in some areas of China and other Asian countries. AT is thought to have anticancer effects, but potential mechanisms remain unknown. To assess the anticancer properties of AT, we exposed prostate cancer cells to AT extracts and assessed cell proliferation and signaling pathways. An ethanol extract of AT was suspended in water followed by sequential extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of each extract and cell viability was determined by the MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. The ethyl acetate extract of the ethanol extract had a stronger inhibitory effect on growth and a stronger stimulatory effect on apoptosis than any of the other extracts. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract suppressed the transcriptional activity of NF-${\kappa}B$, increased the level of caspase-3, and decreased the levels of phospho-Erk1/2 and phospho-Akt. This is the first report on the anticancer activity of AT in cultured human prostate cancer cells. The results suggest that AT can provide a plant-based medicine for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.321-326
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate and effects of shading treatment on photosynthetic activity of Acanthopanax senticosus. We investigated plant growth, light response curve and A-Ci curve to photosynthesis of A. senticosus at 55%, 75%, and 90% shading treatment. As results, the ratio of above-ground/under-ground biomass was increased at 75% shaded condition and showed highest dry biomass. Under shaded conditions, plants had lower chlorophyll a+b content and a/b ratio and also showed thinner leave. But shaded plants showed higher leaf area and higher total leaf area per a plant. This apparently indicates adapted responses to shaded treatment. Effects of shading treatments on photosynthetic activity were higher in apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, re-phosphrylation but lower in light compensation point. These results suggested that higher photosynthesis rates in shaded treatments were due to activated carboxylation efficiency. Shading treatment had lower water use efficiency thatn controls but still higher than other tree species.