• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

Recently, interest in AI tutors is rising as a way to bridge the educational gap in school settings. However, research confirming the effectiveness of AI tutors is lacking. The purpose of this study is to explore how effective learner characteristics and recommended item learning activities are in predicting learner's academic performance in an adaptive online learning environment. This study proposed the hypothesis that learner characteristics (prior knowledge, midterm evaluation) and recommended item learning activities (learning time, correct answer check, incorrect answer correction, satisfaction, correct answer rate) predict academic achievement. In order to verify the hypothesis, the data of 362 learners were analyzed by collecting data from the learning management system (LMS) from the perspective of learning analytics. For data analysis, regression analysis was performed using the regsubset function provided by the leaps package of the R program. The results of analyses showed that prior knowledge, midterm evaluation, correct answer confirmation, incorrect answer correction, and satisfaction had a positive effect on academic performance, but learning time had a negative effect on academic performance. On the other hand, the percentage of correct answers did not have a significant effect on academic performance. The results of this study suggest that recommended item learning activities, which mean behavioral indicators of interaction with AI tutors, are important in the learning process stage to increase academic performance in an adaptive online learning environment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.1240-1245
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• 1990

Intelligent Control is an extended paradigm that subsumes both control and AI paradigms, each of which is limited by its own abstractions. Autonomy, as a design goal, offers an arena where both control and AI paradigms must be applied -and a challenge to the viability of both as independent entities. We discuss hierarchical event-based control architectures in which AI and Control paradigms can be integrated within a model-based approach. In a niodel-based system, knowledge is encapsulated in the form of models at the various layers to support the predefined system objectives. Concepts are illustrated with a robotmanaged space-borne chemical laboratory.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

With increasing size of transformer-based neural networks, a light-weight algorithm and efficient AI accelerator has been developed to train these huge networks in practical design time. In this article, we present a survey of state-of-the-art research on the low-precision computational algorithms especially for floating-point formats and their hardware accelerator. We describe the trends by focusing on the work of two leading research groups-IBM and Seoul National University-which have deep knowledge in both AI algorithm and hardware architecture. For the low-precision algorithm, we summarize two efficient floating-point formats (hybrid FP8 and radix-4 FP4) with accuracy-preserving algorithms for training on the main research stream. Moreover, we describe the AI processor architecture supporting the low-bit mixed precision computing unit including the integer engine.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 2024

This paper examines the trends of AI Foundation Model development and the competition to lead the related ecosystem, which have been rapidly unfolding since the emergence of ChatGPT, focusing on big tech companies in the United States. Based on this understanding of background knowledge, I analyzed and presented the main contents of the initial report reviewed by the UK competition authority, CMA, on potential competition issues that may arise in the process of innovations resulting from FM development. In addition, the trend and background of the CMA's investigation into the OpenAI-Microsoft partnership, whose importance has recently been highlighted, were also explained. It is expected that a reasonable domestic policy plan will be established by referring to these UK policy trends and monitoring & analyzing domestic industries.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.57-64
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• 2023

This study analyzed the perceptions of elementary and secondary school teachers regarding the importance of SW/AI education in fostering students' fundamental knowledge and the necessity of integrating SW/AI into education. A total of 830 elementary and secondary school teachers were selected as study subjects using the judgment sampling method. The analysis of survey data revealed that elementary and secondary teachers exhibited a strong awareness of the importance and necessity of SW/AI education, irrespective of school characteristics, region, educational experience, or prior involvement in SW and AI education. Nevertheless, the primary reasons for not implementing SW/AI education were identified as excessive workload and a lack of pedagogical expertise. An analysis of opinions on the essential conditions for implementing SW/AI education revealed that workload reduction, budget support, teacher training to enhance teacher competency, content distribution, expansion of subject-linked courses, and dedicated instructional time allocation were the major influencing factors. These findings indicate a significant demand for comprehensive instructional support and teacher capacity-building programs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to examine the PCK required for science teachers and PCK required for university teacher educators in terms of school science knowledge, science teaching and learning, and the role of science educators, which are the main axes of science education in future schools, and to explore the relationship between them. This study is a follow-up to a previous stage of research that explored the prospects for changes in schools in the future (2040-2050) in terms of school knowledge, educational methods, and teacher roles. Based on in-depth interviews, qualitative and semantic network analyses were conducted to derive and compare the characteristics of PCK and PCK. As for the main research results, science teacher PCK in future schools should include expertise in organizing science classes centered on convergence topics, expertise in digital platforms and ICT use, and expertise in building a network of learning communities and resources, as part of the expertise of human teachers differentiated from AI. Teacher educators' PCK includes expertise in the research and development of T-L methods using AI, expertise in the knowledge construction process and practice, and expertise in developing preservice teachers' research competencies. Discussed in the conclusion is the change in teacher PCK and teacher educator PCK with changes in science knowledge, such as convergence-type knowledge and cognition-value integrated knowledge; and the need to emphasize values, attitudes, and ethical judgments for the coexistence of humans and non-humans as school science knowledge in the post-humanism future society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.34-41
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore any effects of primary English language learners' affective factors and satisfaction through AI-based speaking activity. In order to answer these questions, a total number of 46 ELLs from a public elementary school participated in this research. Survey questionnaire on affective factors and learning satisfaction were distributed and the results were analyzed quantitatively. The findings are as follows. First, participants could expand their knowledge on AI-based activity towards its educational advantages and capability. Second, overall affective factors of the participants on AI-based activity changed positively, with the improvement of the mean score. The paired samples t-test showed that there was a significant difference among interest, value and attitude. Third, the satisfaction degree on AI-based learning escalated, particularly in the sense of efficacy, academic achievement and involvement. Lastly, it was revealed that the satisfaction degree was correlated with learners' self-confidence, interest and attitude.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-180
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the intentions of elementary school teachers to use artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics lessons and to identify the essential prerequisites for the effective implementation of AI in mathematics education. To achieve this purpose, we examined the structural relationship between elementary school teachers' TPACK(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and the TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) using structural equation model. The findings of the study indicated that elementary school teachers' TPACK regarding the use of AI in mathematics instruction had a direct and significant impact on their perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of AI. In other words, when teachers possessed a higher level of TPACK competency in utilizing AI in mathematics classes, they found it easier to incorporate AI technology and recognized it as a valuable tool to enhance students' mathematics learning experience. In addition, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness directly influenced the attitudes of elementary school teachers towards the integration of AI in mathematics education. When teachers perceived AI as easy to use in their mathematics lessons, they were more likely to recognize its usefulness and develop a positive attitude towards its application in the classroom. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude towards AI integration in mathematics classes had a direct impact on the intentions of elementary school teachers to use AI in their mathematics instruction. As teachers perceived AI as easy to use, valuable, and developed a positive attitude towards its incorporation, their intention to utilize AI in mathematics education increased. In conclusion, this study shed light on the factors influencing elementary school teachers' intentions to use AI in mathematics classes. It revealed that teachers' TPACK plays a crucial role in facilitating the integration of AI in mathematics education. Additionally, the study emphasized the significance of enhancing teachers' awareness of the advantages and convenience of using AI in mathematics instruction to foster positive attitudes and intentions towards its implementation. By understanding these factors, educational stakeholders can develop strategies to effectively promote the utilization of AI in mathematics education, ultimately enhancing students' learning outcomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.495-496
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• 2018

As more and more companies introduce artificial intelligent(AI) speakers, the price of the speakers has become a burden to someone. Based on some knowledge and dexterity, it is not difficult to make an AI speaker that acquires sensor information and environmental information of the house in accordance with your own taste. In this paper, we implement an AI speaker using Raspberry Pie, Google Cloud Speech (GCS) and Naver's Clova Speech Synthesis (CSS) API.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.930-933
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• 1988

This paper demonstrates an AI application for representing operator's heuristic knowledges in implementing process control. AI controller constitutes servo and regulatory controller, respectively. The knowledge base for servo controller was designed to obtain the process output with respect to the desired set-point in short period. The regulatory controller was to provide smooth output near the set-point. The AI controllers was implemented in Turbo-PROLOG on IBM-PC. For the parallel processing, Turbo-C was linked to calculate the process output. The result shows that this AI controller can be well suited not only for minimum phase but also for non-minimum phase. This controller may be used as a back-up controller for rather extensive expert system.