• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2002

1. Background The previous studies on anticancer medicine derived from korean traditional medicine have focused on the life elongation of cancer cell bearing animals. However, it is thought that more molecular biological studies are needed to reveal their mechanism. 2. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular biological function of Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber on cytostaticity, apoptosis and apoptosis related genes revelation against human stomach cancer cells(AGS). 3. Methods After administrating Sagunjatang and Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber to human stomach cancer cell. MTT assay was performed to compare and examine the efficacy of each medicine on the cytostaticity of stomach cancer cells in proportion to time and doses, and apoptosis assay was performed to examine their effect on apoptosis by using DAPI dye and counting the number of cells which developed in an apoptotic body. In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine their effect on the revelation of Bcl-2, Bax and P53, which are genes related to apoptosis. 4. Result and Conclusion Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber demonstrated increased cytostaticity. decreased apoptosis and unremarkable revelation of apoptosis related genes. But in the cytostaticity and apoptosis, Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber showed a tendency to control stomach cancer cells. Therefore, we can expect the clinical application to the related diseases. Besides, it needs another experiment on various cancer cells, such as, lung cancer cell and hysterocarcinoma cell.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

호열성 진정세균인 Thermotoga maritima의 xylose isomerase 유전자를 대장균을 이용하여 클로닝하고 재조합 발현시켰다. 재조합 효소의 최적활성은 $90^{\circ}C$와 pH 8.0에서 관찰되었다. 사포닌을 재조합효소로 처리한 후 사람의 위암 세포주 (AGS)와 대장암 세포주 (HT-29)에 처리한 결과, 효소 무처리 사포닌에 비해 우수한 암세포 생육저해 활성을 나타냈다. 한편, 푸코이단을 재조합효소로 처리한 후 동일 세포주들에 처리한 결과, 효소 무처리 푸코이단과 비슷한 암세포 생육저해 활성을 보였다. 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 효소 처리 사포닌은 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 효소 무처리 사포닌과 유사하거나 우수한 암세포 생육저해 활성을 보였다. 본 연구결과는 기능성 식품이나 의약품의 개발에 참고가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2023

Microvilli are outer membrane organelles that contain cross-linked filamentous actin. Unlike well-characterized epithelial microvilli, T-cell microvilli are dynamic similar to those of filopodia, which grow and shrink intermittently via the alternate actin-assembly and -disassembly. T-cell microvilli are specialized for sensing Ags on the surface of Ag-presenting cells (APCs). Thus, these finger-shaped microprotrusions contain many signaling-related proteins and can serve as a signaling platforms that induce intracellular signals. However, they are not limited to sensing external information but can provide sites for parts of the cell-body to tear away from the cell. Cells are known to produce many types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and membrane particles. T cells also produce EVs, but little is known about under what conditions T cells generate EVs and which types of EVs are released. We discovered that T cells produce few exosomes but release large amounsts of microvilli-derived particles during physical interaction with APCs. Although much is unanswered as to why T cells use the same organelles to sense Ags or to produce EVs, these events can significantly affect T cell fate, including clonal expansion and death. Since TCRs are localized at microvilli tips, this membrane event also raises a new question regarding long-standing paradigm in T cell biology; i.e., surface TCR downmodulation following T cell activation. Since T-cell microvilli particles carry T-cell message to their cognate partner, these particles are termed T-cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs). We discuss the potential physiological role of TISs and their application to immunotherapies.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

본 연구는 민자주방망이 버섯의 열수추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물을 추출용매에 따른 분획물의 암세포(HepG2, KATOⅢ, AGS) 성장 저해효과를 조사하였다 민자주방망이 버섯의 열수 추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ은 1㎎/mL의 농도에서 암세포의 종류에 관계없이 높은 암세포 성장 저해율(85.2%-91.8%)을 나타내었다 열수 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ을 각각 0.5㎎/mL와 1㎎/mL농도로 암세포에 첨가하였을 때, 간암세포인 HepG2에서는 71.4%, 85.5%, 위암세포인 KATOⅢ는 45.0%, 86.6%, AGS는 71.6%, 90.7%의 성장저해를 나타내었다. 마이크로웨이브 추출물 1㎎/mL 처리 시 위암 AGS 세포에 대하여 각각 90.7%와 91.8%의 가장 높은 성장 저해효과를 나타내었다. 열수추출물과 마이크로웨이브 추출물의 fraction Ⅰ은 암세포의 성장억제가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 용해성 이 낮은 분획물 일수록 암세포의 성장 억제효과가 낮았다. 암세포의 성장억제는 열수 추출물에 비해 마이크로웨이브 추출물이 높았다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2003

Objectives : We performed this study to understand the molecular basis of the antitumor effect of Saussurea lappa, Pharbitis nil, Plantago asiatica and Taraxacum mongolicum, which have been used for cancer treatment in Korean traditional medicine. Design: We analyzed, the effect of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells and its association with gene expression, We performed semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analysis of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes using a gastric cancer cell line AGS. Results : Cell counting assay and $[^3H]thymidine$ uptake analysis showed that Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil strongly inhibit cell proliferation of AGS in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, gene espression assay revealed that mRNA espression levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 were markedly decreased by Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil. Furthermore, Saussurea lappa was identified to activate expression of the p53 tumor suppressor and its downstream effector $p21^{Wafl}$, which leads to $G_1$ cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These observations suggest that the anticancer effect of Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil might be associated with their regulatory capability of tumor-related gene expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5513-5518
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• 2013

IFN-${\gamma}$ plays an indirect anti-cancer role through the immune system but may have direct negative effects on cancer cells. It regulates the viability of gastric cancer cells, so we examined whether it affects their proliferation and how that might be brought about. We exposed AGS, HGC-27 and GES-1 gastric cancer cell lines to IFN-${\gamma}$ and found significantly reduced colony formation ability. Flow cytometry revealed no effect of IFN-${\gamma}$ on apoptosis of cell lines and no effect on cell aging as assessed by ${\beta}$-gal staining. Microarray assay revealed that IFN-${\gamma}$ changed the mRNA expression of genes related to the cell cycle and cell proliferation and migration, as well as chemokines and chemokine receptors, and immunity-related genes. Finally, flow cytometry revealed that IFN-${\gamma}$ arrested the cells in the G1/S phase. IFN-${\gamma}$ may slow proliferation of some gastric cancer cells by affecting the cell cycle to play a negative role in the development of gastric cancer.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2007

메주의 헥산 및 메탄올 추출물과 그것을 용매로 분획하여 얻어진 디클로로메탄, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 분획물들에 의한 SOS chromotest 실험계에서 항돌연변이 효과 및 SRB assay를 이용한 인체 암세포들의 성장 억제 효과에 대하여 검토하였다. SOS chromotest 실험계의 경우, 첨가농도 $100{\mu}g/assay$에서 메주의 디클로로메탄 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 각각 91%, 91%로 MNNG에 대하여 강한 항돌연변이 효과를 나타났다. AGS 인체 위암세포와 Hep 3B 인체 간암세포를 이용하여 항암효과를 실험한 결과, 메주 에틸아세테이트분획물은 첨가농도 $200{\mu}g/assay$에서 각각 93% 및 91%로 암세포 성장을 크게 저해시켰고 그 저해 효과는 디클롤메탄 분획물보다 더 높았다. 인체 위암세포인 AGS를 이용한 SRB assay을 이용한 억제 효과 실험에서 메주의 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 첨가농도 2 mg/assay에서 인체 위암 및 간암세포의 증식을 각각 64% 및 71%로 억제하여 분회물들 중 가장 높은 저해효과를 보였고 헥산 및 디클로로메탄 분획물은 그 다음으로 억제 효과가 높았다. 이러한 결과는 된장 메탄올 추출물과 그 분획물의 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였으므로 메주와 된장이 여러 종류의 미생물, 곰팡이류와 세균류들에 의해 발효과정을 거치는 동안 원재료인 콩에서는 없었던 혹은 함량이 적은 성분들이 생성되거나 증가되어 항암효과를 나타내는 것으로 추정되어 진다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1843-1849
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• 2004

Conventional medicines have usually sorted to a number of treatments such asoperation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The existing anti-cancer agents, designed to eradicate cancer cells, have strong toxicities, also with leading to harmful side effects. Recently, a number of researches on natural products have been actively carried out in efforts to develop new treatments that can decrease side effects or increase anti-cancer effects. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the antitumor effects of Pharbitis nil, and Plantago asiatica, which have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules, with using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatment of Pharbitis nil dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Plantago asiatica didn't. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Pharbitis nil didn't increase expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup wafl/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Sax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Sax to mitochondria. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pharbitis nilinduce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Gap junctions and their structural proteins, connexins (Cxs), have been implicated in carcinogenesis. To explore the involvement of Cx32 in gastric carcinogenesis, immunochemical analysis of Cx32 and proliferation marker Ki67 using tissue-microarrayed human gastric cancer and normal tissues was performed. In addition, after Cx32 overexpression in the human gastric cancer cell line AGS, cell proliferation, cell cycle analyses, and $p21^{Cip1}$ and $p27^{Kip1}$ expression levels were examined by bromodeoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting. Immunohistochemical study noted a strong inverse correlation between Cx32 and Ki67 expression pattern as well as their location. In vitro, overexpression of Cx32 in AGS cells inhibited cell proliferation significantly. $G^1$ arrest, up-regulation of cell cycle-regulatory proteins $p21^{Cip1}$ and $p27^{Kip1}$ was also found at both mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, Cx32 plays some roles in gastric cancer development by inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and cell cycle regulatory proteins.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.