• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.114-121
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• 2019

This study examined the Knowledge of Elementary School Teachers Regarding in ADHD Children Education of ADHD children education for 297 elementary school teachers. The knowledge of ADHD children in inclusive education was made through a questionnaire composed of four areas: attitude, burden, efficacy, and promotional conditions on ADHD children. The collected questionnaire was calculated using technical statistics from the SPSS (WIN 22.0) for frequency and percentage. The results of this study are as follows: First, the teachers of general elementary schools are trying to include education of ADHD children. Second, in the burden of general elementary school teachers on ADHD children education, ADHD children showed interruption of learning, interruption of positive learning atmosphere, interruption of order maintenance of general classroom and teacher's class progress. Third, in the efficacy of general elementary school teachers on ADHD children, they did not have the Knowledge of ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and evaluation of ADHD children, teaching ability for ADHD children education, and ability to deal with ADHD children's behavior. Fourth, in the promotion condition of school for ADHD child education, it was found that there was no connection with external institutions for the support of professional manpower for ADHD children and ADHD child supports.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare levels of parenting stress and efficacy in mothers of children suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internet addiction disorder (IAD), mothers of children with ADHD alone only, and those with normal children. Methods : Participants were composed of 25 mothers of children with ADHD and IAD, 35 mothers of children with ADHD alone, and 50 mothers of normal children. They completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Results : In comparison with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD and IAD and the mothers of children with ADHD alone showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress and lower parenting efficacy. However, a comparison of mothers of children with ADHD and IAD with those of children with ADHD alone did not show any significant differences in their levels of parenting stress or efficacy. Conclusion : Mothers of children with ADHD, regardless of the presence of IAD exhibited a higher level of parenting stress and a lower level of parenting efficacy than mothers of normal children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.123-140
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to verify preschool children can be classified of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children across situation. It also was to examine differences among groups according to sex and age, and to investigate the family caracterisitcs of ADHD groups. The subjects of this study consisted of 228 preschool chilren (147 boys and 136 girls aged from 3- to 7- year-old) drawn from five Child Care Centers in Chung-Ju. Data were analyzed by the frequency, percentages, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, ${\chi}^2$-test, F-test, Tukey post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation using SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. Preschool children could be classified by four diagnostic groups across situation; (1) 168 children (59%) of the control group (no disorder of ADHD), (2) 49 children (17%) of ADHD-Home group (ADHD only at home), (3) 43 children (15%) of ADHD-School group (ADHD only at school), and (4) 23 children (8%) of ADHD-PH group (ADHD both at home and at school). Ratings by parents and by teachers correlated very low with each other, as in previous studies. These results confirm the findings that ADHD be classified across situation. 2. There were significant differences among four groups according to sex and age. In the ADHD-PH groups, the boys is 3 times higher than the girls and the children aged 6- to 7-year-old was shown highly distributed in the pervasive ADHD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether parenting stress is related to anxiety in children with ADHD. The data were provided by 112 children between the ages of 7 and 9. Forty nine children with a diagnosis of ADHD were recruited through 3 departments of child psychiatry and 63 normal children were recruited from elementary schools from the same city. The Korean version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form was used to assess parenting stress and the Korean version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was used to assess the level of anxiety. The results show that children with ADHD have significantly higher levels of anxiety and parenting stress than normal children. However, no significant differences in parenting stress and anxiety were found across gender, age, and the type of ADHD. Significant correlation was found between trait anxiety and parental distress and between state anxiety and difficult child. Parenting stress didn't significantly influence on anxiety in children with ADHD. Occupational therapist need to consider that the anxiety level of children with ADHD is different from normal children. It is needed for interventions for children with anxiety symptoms and also consultation and intervention for parents with parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in functional impairment between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls, and to compare the functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. Methods : Children and adolescents with ADHD between the ages of 6 and 18 years were recruited for the study. Parents and teachers of the ADHD subjects completed the parents' and teachers' forms of the Children and Adolescents Functioning Impairment Scale (CAFIS), respectively. The results of these scales were compared to those of normal controls. Results : Subjects included 110 children with ADHD, predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-IA) ; 23 with ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) ; and 60 ADHD, combined type (ADHD-C). When compared to 41 normal controls, there were significant differences in CAFIS-parent and CAFIS-teacher scales for the ADHD group. Functional impairment in the family relationship as rated by the parents was higher in children with ADHD-C when compared to that of children with ADHD-IA. Conclusion : In comparison to normal children, children with ADHD have a higher level of impairment in several functional areas, and differences exist in functional impairment across ADHD subtypes. Further, ratings of functional impairment between parents and teachers were inconsistent. Thus, gathering information from the teachers is important when diagnosing or establishing treatment regimens for ADHD.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the present situation for oriental examination and treatment of ADHD by questionnaire. Methods : We surveied oriental clinics which publicized on internet that they run a clinic of ADHD and oriental university hospitals which had a department of Pediatrics or Neurophycholosy. Results : The number of responding that the period of actively attending upon treatment of ADHD children was less than 3 years was 9(60%). The number of responding that in these 3 months, the number of ADHD children visiting clinics were under ten was 8(53.3%). The number of responding that the average age of ADHD children visiting clinics were 7 to 10 years old were 10(66.7%). The number of responding that they assessed diagnosis of ADHD children were 7(46.7%). The number of responding that they assessed oriental medical examination to ADHD children were 9(60%). The number of responding that the most effective treatment to ADHD children was Herbal Medicine was 10(66.7%). The number of responding that the interval of treatment of ADHD was 1 to 3 months was 9(60%). Conclusions : Recently oriental medical treatments for ADHD has been attempted. Treatment methods were herbal medicine, acupuncture, parents education, etc. But further studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of group game play program on ADHD-liked children’s executive function. The game play program was implemented for children in experiment group to find out the effect of the group game play program on ADHD-liked executive function. The subjects of this study were 12 children (4th year elementary students), showing ADHD characteristics. 6 were put in experiment group and other 6 were put in control group randomly. The effectiveness of group game play on ADHD children’s executive function are as followings: The attention ability, behavior inhibition ability, cognitive flexibility of children in experiment group was improved more than in control group. It is concluded that group game play program is effective for ADHD-liked children’s executive function.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2015

Objectives : Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems in social interactions. We compared the effect of 10-session social skill training (SST) among two groups, children with pure ADHD, and those with ADHD with comorbidity. Methods : Consecutive 10-session SST was conducted for 34 children from 2006 to 2012. There were 22 children with pure ADHD (male 20, female 2), and 12 children suffering from ADHD with comorbidity (male 11, female 1). All children took medication as prescribed by their doctors before the start of SST. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (K-PIC), the Conner's Rating Scale, the ADHD Rating Scale, and the Home Situation Questionnaire were completed by mothers before and after the SST. All children completed the Child Depression Inventory, the Stat-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Self-Concept Scale and the ADHD Diagnostic System before and after the SST. Results : Only children with pure ADHD showed improvement in anxiety and self-concept in scales rated by children. In the CBCL rated by parents, the pure ADHD group and the ADHD with comorbidity showed improvement in both externalizing and internalizing subscales. In the K-PIC rated by parents, the pure ADHD group showed improvement in most outcomes and ADHD with comorbidity showed positive change in verbal development. Conclusion : These results suggest that SST has significant positive effects on both the pure ADHD and ADHD with comorbidity group. Further research is needed in order to target diverse comorbidity groups with ADHD to improve the effectiveness of the SST.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2010

Objectives : This study investigated the differences of working memory among the subtypes of ADHD. Methods : Eighty-one children and adolescents with ADHD and thirty normal controls were recruited. Children with any cognitive disorders and low intelligence were excluded. In order to evaluate the verbal and visuospatial working memory, Digit span and Finger windows tasks were measured, respectively. Performances on these measures between children with ADHD and controls were compared. Further, performances among the groups of ADHD predominantly inattentive(ADHD-IA)(n=40), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive(ADHD-HI)(n= 10), and combined type(ADHD-C)(n=31), were compared. Results : Scores of Finger windows forward task were lower in the ADHD group as compared to the control group, whereas, the Digit span forward showed no difference. Both scores of Digit span backward and Finger windows backward task were lower in the ADHD group than the controls. Children with ADHD-IA performed poorer than children with ADHD-C on the Finger windows backward task. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that children with ADHD have deficits in spatial short-term memory and verbal and visuospatial working memory when compared to normal children. The deficits were evident in children with ADHD-IA subtype and in particular, performance on the visuospatial working memory task in this group was poorer than the ADHD-C group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among dietary behavior, meal balance, and clinical symptoms related nutritional status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) in preschool children. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and the subjects were 3~6 years old preschool children in Samcheok. Subjects were divided into an ADHD dispositions group(n=88) and a normal group(n=129) based on assessments conducted by the children's mother using the Abbreviated Conners's Parent Rating Scale. There was no significant difference in meal frequency, meal speed, meal regularity or meal balance between children with ADHD dispositions and the normal groups. The ADHD disposition group had a higher proportion of children with picky eating(p<0.05), too much snacking(p<0.05) and over eating (p=0.05) habits than the normal group. In addition, the ADHD dispositions group had a higher frequency of clinical symptoms such as 'breathlessness when going up stairs', 'sleeplessness', 'anxiety' and 'tiredness'. Overall, there was a significant relationship between ADHD disposition and dietary problems and clinical symptoms related to poor nutritional status in preschool children. Therefore, to prevent and treat ADHD in preschool children, proper dietary management such as correcting of picky eating, over snacking and overeating is needed.