• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-40
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• 2007

The research in this paper, for the effective implementation of CBD PoW PA(Program of Work on Protected Areas of Convention on Biological Diversity) that was adopted by CBD COP7(Conference of the Parties) in 2004, shows the objectives and activities of 9 each subject in PoW PA regarding domestic status and cases of national park management. Before anything else, according to the result of the review on the status of protected areas in Korea, there are 1,119 protected areas which are classified into 14 types and the total area is about $15,621km^2$. After a thorough review on 9 each subject about the implementation of CBD PoW PA, we found out that some parts such as management planning, prevention and alleviation of threats, and establishment of PAs system, are improved while financial support, improved social benefit, and MEE(Management Effectiveness Evaluation} fields are need to be improved. Especially regarding time-bound, ecological gap analysis on national level and MEE are need to be improved immediately. This paper could help us to understand the current status of PAs management system in Korea and to prepare national reports of CBD and implementation report of PoW PA. Based on research and results of this paper, we need to find the fields that have gaps in order to meet the requirements of the CBD PoW PA and the implementation tools that are suitable for managing Korea's protected areas. To effectively implement the various activities which require a systematic approach on the national level, the establishment of the networks among relevant organizations for protected areas are vital. To effectively reach the ultimate goal of CBD PoW PA, reducing the rate of biodiversity loss, it is essential that lots of plans established by authorities must be carried out in a constant manner to achieve goals of CBD PoW PA.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2007

This study aimed at effectively applying the IUCN category system to the protected areas in Korea. In addition, in order to change IUCN category of national parks to IUCN category II and to review the application of IUCN category classification key, a case study was conducted in Sobaeksan National Park. In order to apply the IUCN category system to the protected areas in Korea, a flexible approach appropriate to characteristics in Korea is required for management objectives of protected areas, including protection of wildemess, sustainable use of resources and preservation of cultural and traditional features. In addition, considerations of restrictions on use area and use districts, relative comparison of use types (visit, use of resources, residence) by IUCN category and use of combined classifications are necessary. Principles for the application of the IUCN category include (1)exclusion of wilderness protected areas (Ib), (2) extremely limited use regarding the sustainable use of natural resources(sum of natural preservation area and natural environment area is over 95%), (3) considerations of management conditions, including residential occupation level, (4) preservation of ecosystem services, and (5) use of combined classifications. In addition, in accordance with these principles, IUCN category classification key was suggested. When this was applied to the case study area, Sobaeksan National Park was classified as IUCN Category II and Taxus cuspidata community, which is designated as a natural monument, was classified to be Category Ia. Classification key suggested in this study may be used as basic data for applying categories in the future. Since detailed review on the practical improvement direction of laws and regulations and systematic alternatives, which are required before introducing IUCN category, are poor, in order to manage the protected areas efficiently by applying the IUCN category in the future, studies on management means appropriate to the conservation objectives of each category are necessary. This would allow management differentiated for each category.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.311-330
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• 2023

Development of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique is becoming increasingly important as a method to mitigate the strengthening effects of global warming, generated from the unprecedented increase in released anthropogenic CO₂. In the recent years, the characteristics of basaltic rocks (i.e., large volume, high reactivity and surplus of cation components) have been recognized to be potentially favorable in facilitation of CCS; based on this, research on utilization of basaltic formations for underground CO₂ storage is currently ongoing in various fields. This study investigated the feasibility of underground storage of CO₂ in basalt, based on the examination of the CO₂ storage mechanisms in subsurface, assessment of basalt characteristics, and review of the global research on basaltic CO₂ storage. The global research examined were classified into experimental/modeling/field demonstration, based on the methods utilized. Experimental conditions used in research demonstrated temperatures ranging from 20 to 250 ℃, pressure ranging from 0.1 to 30 MPa, and the rock-fluid reaction time ranging from several hours to four years. Modeling research on basalt involved construction of models similar to the potential storage sites, with examination of changes in fluid dynamics and geochemical factors before and after CO₂-fluid injection. The investigation demonstrated that basalt has large potential for CO₂ storage, along with capacity for rapid mineralization reactions; these factors lessens the environmental constraints (i.e., temperature, pressure, and geological structures) generally required for CO₂ storage. The success of major field demonstration projects, the CarbFix project and the Wallula project, indicate that basalt is promising geological formation to facilitate CCS. However, usage of basalt as storage formation requires additional conditions which must be carefully considered - mineralization mechanism can vary significantly depending on factors such as the basalt composition and injection zone properties: for instance, precipitation of carbonate and silicate minerals can reduce the injectivity into the formation. In addition, there is a risk of polluting the subsurface environment due to the combination of pressure increase and induced rock-CO₂-fluid reactions upon injection. As dissolution of CO₂ into fluids is required prior to injection, monitoring techniques different from conventional methods are needed. Hence, in order to facilitate efficient and stable underground storage of CO₂ in basalt, it is necessary to select a suitable storage formation, accumulate various database of the field, and conduct systematic research utilizing experiments/modeling/field studies to develop comprehensive understanding of the potential storage site.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.387-409
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• 2013

Since 1990s, more and more enterprises outsource the logistics to reduce the cost and improve core competence, which bring the prosperity of 3PL, industry in China. However, some data shows that the service quality of 3PL is not good enough, there is only a few companies that can provide systematic service, and the satisfaction of the customer is very low. Besides, many enterprises choose 3PL service provider mainly based on the price. Although there are many papers on the logistics service quality, they mainly research on single part, Studies on the relation between the service quality and the partnerships of outsourcing are scarce. Therefore, this study tries to research the service quality, partnership and the relationship between them in China's 3PL industry systematically. On the foundation of the service quality and partnership theories by former researchers, taking present situation of China's 3PL industry into consideration, this paper constructs service quality and the partnership evaluation system and develops LSQ-PP model to examine the relation between the service quality and partnership. and then use the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analysis the full sample of collected questionnaires. Finally, the thesis summarizes the conclusion and offers suggestions for practice and future research.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-217
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate and suggest directions and assignments of elementary school counseling based on positive psychology. For this purpose, the goal, contents, techniques and effects of counseling based on positive psychology were examined. Based on this review, the suggested implications for directions and assignments of elementary school counseling as follows; In connection with the directions of elementary school counseling, first, it was suggested that problem-focused counseling approaches centered a small number of problem children should be changed to strength based counseling approaches facilitating all children's whole development, happiness and well-being. Second, it was suggested that continuous and systematic counseling helps should be served to all children so that they can aware, experience and use their character strengths in their all lives at the inside and outside of their school. In connection with the assignments of elementary school counseling, first, increasing children's understanding on happiness, developing counseling programs for enhancing happiness and verifying their effects were discussed. Second, developing effective applying plans of positive counseling techniques and verifying their effects were discussed. Finally, making researches on our children's character strengths and interventions for developing their character strengths were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.102-115
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish the evaluation model through the systematic process of selecting the indicators and to evaluate the environmental-control function on forest using GIS in Deagu for the sustainable forest planning. The 35 indicators as basic items were selected by literature review and those were squeezed into the 29 indicators through expert brainstorming. Also, the 8 indicators to evaluate environmental-control function were selected by the first survey and the 5 final indicators such as carbon sink, temperature decrease, wind formation, water circulation, air purification were determined by MCB analysis using the second survey. The evaluation model was established through the weight of each indicator by AHP analysis using the third survey. According to the result of evaluating the environmental-control function on forest, the functions around the top area of Mt. Ap, Mt. Biseul, Mt. Palgong had more than 66 scores. On the other hand, the functions around Mt. Waryong and forest of Chilgok in Buk-gu had less than 40 scores. It is necessary to improve the function through the sustainable restoration and management in case of forest that the environmental-control function was lower. Furthermore, these results will be able to be utilized as basic data in order to establish the preservation area and control development area at the urban, environmental, and forest planning.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.129-140
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• 2004

In this paper, we conduct the research about optimal aggregation interval of travel time data on interrupted traffic flow and verify the reliability of AVI collected data by using car plate matching method in RTMS for systematic collection and analysis of link travel time data on interrupted traffic flow rural arterial. We perform Kolmosorov-Smirnov test on AVT collected sample data and on entire population data, and conclude that the sample data does not represent pure random sampling and hence includes sample collection error. We suggest that additional review is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of AVI collected sample data as link representative data. We also develop statistical model by applying two estimation techniques namely point estimation and interval estimation for calculating optimal aggregation interval. We have implemented our model and determine that point estimate is preferable over interval estimate for exactly selecting and deciding optimal aggregation interval. Our final conclusion is that 5-minute aggregation interval is optimal to estimate travel time in RTMS, as is currently being used our investigation is based on AVI data collected from Yang-ji to Yong-in $42^{nd}$ National road.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.961-976
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• 2006

Designing water-reuse network which can reduce the fresh water within the process and increase the water-use efficiency by scientific and systematic analysis is recently interested in the industries. Water systems often allow efficient water uses via water reuse and recirculation in the paper, petrochemical, and steel industries which necessitate a lot of freshwater within the process. Defining network layout connecting water-using process is frequently accomplished by using water pinch technology which optimizes freshwater entering the process and also reduces the wastewater. In this review, recent researches and case studies of water pinch technology which can find the bottleneck of the water stream at the water reuse designing stage are introduced. Necessity of water pinch technology is illustrated by examples of real industries. Recent studies on simultaneous energy and water minimization and water-reuse network among industries in eco-industrial park(EIP) are also introduced.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.345-360
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• 2015

This study was designed to implement Activity-Orientated Career Education for college students, using the web-based interface. A draft web interface was designed by Rapid Prototyping and was thereafter taken to experts to review and determine the designs, in order to achieve the purpose of the study. Firstly, the sequence of activities of career education was run in accordance with the systematic order of Action Learning, in order to understand the overall design direction. Secondly, the design of the study may result in virtuous cycle-to-cycle. According to two major design directions, on the learning environment platform, the interface consisted of, knowing who I am; knowing who others think I am, knowing the job world; career decisions; career action plans; action planning; individual and co-evaluation; reflection; etc. These steps were designed to be implemented in accordance with strong interactivity of Wiki and Web 2.0 designs. This study was able to implement career education experiences centered around the activities of students at university, as well as experts, in order to increase the accessibility of Career Based Education on the web.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.12
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• pp.209-237
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• 1999

With the increasing speed of internationalization of corporations under WTO system foreign direct investment is considered as the important means of international cooperation as well as avoiding trade barrier. From this point of view the study on foreign direct investment of Korean corporations is of great importance. Many studies till now, however, are concerned with the macroscopic analysis of foreign direct investment of Korean corporations, not with the establishment of strategy appropriate to the environment of host country and the investment performance. In order to meet the problems mentioned above this thesis aims at accomplishing the following three tasks. (1) synthetic assessment of existing theories of foreign direct investment. (2) systematic adjustment of factors of environment in the foreign direct investment activities. (3) analysis of above factors in the foreign direct investment of Korean textile industry and proper proposal of strategic model for the individual corporation. The results of analysis according to the aim of the study are as follows: (1) To lead foreign direct investment successfully, variable and effective information-presentation should be offered with priority. (2) The investment strategy through regional diversification is required. (3) The localization of decision making has to be attempted assertively. (4) The global network system is needed for more recommendable foreign direct investment. (5) More aggressive and outgoing attitude like developing into the local market and obtaining the high-technology is desperately needed.