• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 1992

To estimate pollution status of livestock wastewater on four piggeries and one abattoir in Taegu area, physicochemical water analysis such as pH, suspended solid(SS), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and chemical oxygen demand(COD), and bacteriological examinations such as number of total viable cells and number of coliform with or without antibiotic resistance were carried out. The results obtained were as follows : The pH values of raw sewage ranged from 9.0 to 7.2 that of the effluent treated was lowed to 5.6~7.7. The SS values of raw sewage ranged from 5,275ppm to 120ppm and those of the efflunet decreased to 162~30ppm. The BOD values of raw sewage ranged 6,200ppm to 120ppm and those of the effluent treated decreased to 111 ~80ppm. The COD values of raw sewage ranged from 5,725ppm to 298ppm and those of the effluent decreased to 137~76ppm. The total viable cells of raw sewage ranged from $8.5{\times}11^{11}$/ml to $9.9{\times}10^7$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $5.6{\times}10^6{\sim}4.2{\times}10^8/ml.$ The total coliforms of raw sewage ranged from $5.5{\times}10^9$/ml to $1.3{\times}10^5$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $3.6{\times}10^4ml{\sim}9.0{\times}10^6$/ml. The incidence of streptomycin resistant coliforms was the highest(1.8~66.7%), and followed by tetracycline(1.7~64%), kanamycin(9.3~50.l%), ampicillin(0.06~45.5%) and chloramphenicol(14.3~33.5%) to total coliforms of raw sewage. The incidence of antibiotic resistant coliforms of raw sewage in farms ranged from 3.4~66.7% and that of abattoir's was 0.06% to 14.3%. Antibiotic resistant coliform counts of raw sewage ranged from 1.3$\times$10$^{8}$ /ml to 3.9$\times$10$^3$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $3.0{\times}10^1{\sim}2.3{\times}10^5/ml$.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective horticultural activity program for the vocational rehabilitation of people with mental disabilities. The subjects of this study were seven persons with mental disabilities in the vocational rehabilitation team of a public health center located in G city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. A total of 10 horticultural programs were held from October 10 to December 11, 2018. Five programs were selected among those that were easy for the persons with mental illness to handle and their preference was high. In each session, the same task was repeated 10 times and finally changes in hand functions and working speed were measured. As a result, the assembly task of the Purdue Pegboard test was 23.6 (SD = 10.5) before the program, 26.6 (SD = 11.5) after planting, 27.7 (SD = 12.2) after wrapping pots, and 28.0 (SD = 13.9) after making mini flower baskets, 26.9 (SD = 12.0) after wrapping a single flower, and 29.1 (SD = 11.9) after making corsages. There was a significant difference between the five programs (p = .016). As a result of measuring the time taken to produce the same 10 products, the average planting time was 9.9 (SD = 4.0) minutes in the first class and 6.0 (SD = 2.3) minutes in the second class (p = .018), and making mini flower baskets was reduced from 35.2 (SD = 10.1) minutes to 21.0 (SD = 7.7) minutes (p = .018), wrapping a single flower from 23.3 (SD = 7.9) minutes to 16.2 (SD = 7.3) minutes (p = .043), and making corsages from 53.6 (SD = 15.9) to 40.8 (SD = 16.8) minutes (p = .043). The working time was significantly shortened in the second class compared to the first class. The class for wrapping pots was shortened from 52.7 (SD = 11.7) to 49.6 (SD = 17.8) minutes, but there was no significant difference (p = .398).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

An agarolytic marine bacterium (H9) was isolated from the coastal seawater of the West Sea, South Korea. The isolate, H9, was gram-negative and rod-shaped with a smooth surface and polar flagellum. Cells grew at 20-30℃, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and in ASW-YP (Artificial Sea Water-Yeast extract, Peptone) media containing 1-5% (w/v) NaCl. The G+C content was 41.56 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain H9 was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids (>10%) were C_16:1ω7c (34.3%), C_16:0 (23.72%), and C_18:1ω7c (13.64%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization, the strain was designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. H9 (=KCTC23887). In liquid culture supplemented with 0.2% agar, the cell density and agarase activity reached a maximum level of OD = 4.32 (48 h) and OD = 3.87 (24 h), respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the extracellular crude agarases of H9 were 7.0 and 40℃, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the agarase hydrolysis products revealed that the crude agarases hydrolyze agarose into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. Therefore, the new agar-degrading strain, H9, can be applicable for the production of valuable neoagarooligosaccharides and for the complete degradation of agar in bio-industries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

The contents of starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of different varieties of potatoes were analyzed. The average starch contents of Go-woon, Ha-ryoung, Dae-seo, Jo-won, Ga-won potatoes were $17.9{\pm}0.2$, $18.0{\pm}1.7$, $17.7{\pm}0.5$, $14.8{\pm}0.4$, and $16.2{\pm}1.0%$, respectively. The ground powder of each starchy substrate was suspended in distilled water, and then liquefied, saccharified, and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC26603 at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. By statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the contents of the different components of the potato tubers on the ethanol production were examined. The results showed that the starch content positively affected the ethanol production. while moisture content affected negatively the ethanol production. Ethanol production from the 5 different varieties of potato tubers harvested on different time were examined and the results indicated that both of potato variety and the harvesting-time significantly affected the ethanol production. Among the several varieties of potato, Ha-ryoung produced the highest yield of ethanol as much as $94.3{\pm}1.9$ L/ton or $3111{\pm}62.7$ L/ha.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Buckwheat protein isolate was tested for the effects of pH, addition of sodium chloride and heat treatment on solubility, emulsion capacities, emulsion stability, surface hydrophobicity, foam capacities and foam stability. The solubility of buckwheat protein isolate was affected by pH and showed the lowest value at pH 4.5, the isoelectric point of buckwheat protein isolate. The solubility significantly as the pH value reached closer to either ends of the pH, i.e., pH 1.0 and 11.0. The effects of NaCl concentration on solubility were as follows; at pH 2.0, the solubility significantly decreased when NaCl was added; at pH 4.5, it increased above 0.6 M; at pH 7.0 it increased; and at pH 9.0 it decreased. The solubility increased above $80^{\circ}C$, at all pH ranges. The emulsion capacity was the lowest at pH 4.5. It significantly increased as the pH approached higher acidic or alkalic regions. At pH 2.0, when NaCl was added, the emulsion capacity decreased, but it increased at pH 4.5 and showed the maximum value at pH 7.0 and 9.0 with 0.6 M and 0.8 M NaCl concentrations. Upon heating, the emulsion capacity decreased at acidic pH's but was maximised at pH 7.0 and 9.0 on $60^{\circ}C$ heat treatment. The emulsion stability was the lowest at pH 4.5 but increased with heat treatment. At acidic pH, the emulsion stability increased with the increase in NaCl concentration but decreased at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Generally, at other pH ranges, the emulsion stability was decreased with increased heating temperature. The surface hydrophobicity showed the highest value at pH 2.0 and the lowest value at pH 11.0. As NaCl concentrationed, the surface hydrophobicity decreased at acidic pH. The NaCl concentration had no significant effects on surface hydrophobicity at pH 7.0, 9.0 except for the highest value observed at 0.8 M and 0.4 M. At all pH ranges, the surface hydrophobicity was increased, when the temperature increased. The foam capacity decreased, with increased in pH value. At acidic pH, the foam capacity was decreased with the increased in NaCl concentration. The highest value was observed upon adding 0.2 M or 0.4 M NaCl at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Heat treatments of $60^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ showed the highest foam capacity values at pH 2.0 and 4.5, respectively. At pH 7.0 and 9.0, the foam capacity decreased with the increased in temperature. The foam stability was not significantly related to different pH values. The addition of 0.4 M NaCl at pH 2.0, 7.0 and 9.0 showed the highest stability and the addition of 1.0 M at pH 4.5 showed the lowest. The higher the heating temperature, the lower the foam stability at pH 2.0 and 9.0. However, the foam stability increased at pH 4.5 and 7.0 before reaching $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2015

General composition and cholesterol contents of chicken 4 parts (breasts, thighs, legs without skin, and wings with skin) were analyzed. Fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral contents of breasts and thighs were also analyzed and compared with sirloin parts of beef and pork. Lipid contents of chicken parts (1.2% in breasts, 2.8% in thighs, and 14.9% in wings) were lower than those of beef and pork. Protein contents of chicken parts (22.9% in breasts, 19.7% in thighs, and 17.6% in wings) were higher than those of beef and pork. Cholesterol contents of chicken parts (99.0 mg% in wings, 80.8 mg% in thighs, and 56.7 mg% in breasts) were higher than those of beef and pork. However, saturated fatty acid contents of chicken (31.6~32.9%) was lower than those of beef (40.8%) and pork (42.7%). In the meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acid contents of chicken (67.1~68.4%) was higher than those of beef (59.2%) and pork (57.3%). Essential fatty acid contents of chicken (16.6~16.9%) were 1.6 times as high as that of pork (10.4%) and 5 times as high as that of beef (3.9%). Major amino acids composition were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. Ten essential amino acid contents were 11,860 mg% in breasts and 10,454 mg% in thighs, and the ratio of essential amino acids (41.7~44.1%) was similar to those of pork and beef. Mineral contents of chicken were similar to those of pork and beef despites of slight different mineral contents in thighs and breasts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2020

In this study, 15 compounds were elucidated from the hot-water extract of Perillae Folium. Fifteen isolates were determined to be protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), (R)-rosmarinic acid (3), (S)-shisoflavanone A (4), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (5), scutellarein-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (6), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), kelampayoside A (9), trans-N-feruloyloctopamine (10), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl]acrylamide (11), perilloside C (12), perilloside A (13), (6S,9R)-9-hydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14) and (6S,9R)-roseoside (15) through spectroscopic evidences. The HPLC analysis revealed that hot-water extract of Perillae Folium contained caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and glycosides of apigenin, luteolin and scutellarein as main constituents.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional conditions controlling keratinase activity in Bacillus megaterium F7-1. B. megaterium F7-1 produced keratinase using chicken feather as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Addition of the feather medium with glucose enhanced keratinase production (68.9 U/ml), compared to control without glucose (63.2 U/ml). The synthesis of keratinase was repressed by addition of $NH_4Cl$ in B. megaterium F7-1. The highest keratinase production (70.9 U/ml) was obtained with the feather medium containing glucose and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. Keratinase was produced in the absence of feather (4.9 U/ml), indicating its constitutive synthesis. Feather degradation resulted in free SH group formation. B. megaterium F7-1 effectively degraded chicken feather meal (86%), whereas duck feather, human nail, human hair and sheep wool displayed relatively low degradation rates (8-34%).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

Conventional coagulation is still the main treatment process for algae removal in water treatment. The coagulation efficiency can be significantly improved by the preoxidation of algae-containing water. Jar test was conducted to determine the optimal condition for the removal of diatoms, especially Cyclotella sp. by preoxidation and the subsequent coagulation. The effects of various concentration of PAC (Polyaluminum chloride) on coagulation with and without preoxidation using chlorine or potassium permanganate at different pHs (7.7 and 9.0) were evaluated. At pH 7.7, preoxidation with 2ppm $Cl_2$ followed by coagulation with 7.5 ppm PAC coagulant could reduce Cyclotella sp. concentration by 86%. At pH 9.0, preoxidation with 1 mg $KMnO_4/L$ followed by coagulation with 12.5 ppm PAC coagulant reduced Cyclotella sp. concentration by 85%. Non-linear regression was applied to determine the optimal condition. At pH 7.7 and 9.0, R was over 0.9, respectively. The pH of algal blooming water is over 9.0. Algae (diatom; Cyelotella sp.) can be controlled in the following ways: preoxidation with 1 mg $KMnO_4/L$ followed by coagulation with 12.5 ppm PAC coagulant can remove 80% algae from water. If water pH is adjusted to 7.7, it was expected that less amount of coagulant (7.5 or 10 mg PAC /L) after preoxidation ($Cl_2$ 2 ppm or $KMnO_4$ 0.33, 1 ppm) would be needed to achieve similar level of algae removal. The oxidation with 0.33ppm $KMnO_4$ followed by coagulation with 7.5 ppm PAC coagulant was preferable due to cost-effectiveness of treatment condition and color problem after treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.797-800
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• 2000

The reaction of o-acylthiophenacyl chloride 5a with onc equivalent ofsodium azide in aqueous acetone at-10~ $-5^{\circ}C$ gave 2,9-dimethyl-6H,I3H-dibenzo[d,i][1,6]dithiecin-7,14-dione 7(10%),acyclic dimer 8(64%),and tri-mer 9 (8%). Dimer 8 and trimer 9 we re converted readily to 7 under the similar conditions at room temperature in yields of 72% and 53%,respectivel. Also, one pot synthesis of 7 (64%, 45%) from the reaction of 5a or 5b with two equivalents of sodium azide at room temperature was very successful.