• 산업공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2004

As the functional characteristics of passenger cars have reached to a satisfactory level, customers place more concerns with the aesthetic aspects of interior designs. The present study developed satisfaction models of passenger car interior materials for six parts including crash pad, steering wheel, transmission gearshift knob, audio panel, metal grain, and wooden grain. Eight to fifteen material design variables such as color, embossing, and smoothness were defined for the six interior parts based on literature survey, customer reviews, and expert opinions. A satisfaction survey was conducted for 30 vehicles with 30 participants ($mean{\pm}SD$ of age = $28.7{\pm}6.6$) by using a modified magnitude estimation scale. Based on the survey results, the material design variables were screened from statistical, technical, and practical aspects. With the screened variables, satisfaction models were developed by using the quantification I method for the six interior parts, indicating the importance of material design variables and preferred material properties.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2013

A pack-level battery hardware-in-the-loop simulation (B-HILS) platform is implemented. It consists of dynamic vehicle models using PSAT and multiple control interfaces including real-time 3D driving and GPS mode. In real-time 3D driving mode, user can drive a virtual vehicle using actual drive equipment such as steering wheel and accelerator to generate the cycle profile of the battery. In GPS mode, actual road traffic and terrain effects can be simulated using GPS data while the trajectory is displayed on Google map. In the latter part of the paper, several performance tests of an actual lithium-polymer battery pack are carried out utilizing the developed system. All experiments are conducted as parts of actual development process of a commercial battery pack adopting 2nd generation Prius as a target vehicle model. Through the experiments, the low temperature performance and fuel efficiency of the battery are quantitatively investigated in comparison with the original nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) pack of the Prius.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2011

이 연구는 비디오게임에서 입력기의 사실성과 시점이 게임이용자에 미치는 심리적 영향을 알아보았다. 먼저, 피험자들에게 레이싱 게임을 선택하여 사실적인 핸들형 입력기와 덜 사실적인 게임패드 중 하나를 제공하고 1인칭 시점과 3인칭 시점을 모두 이용하게 한 후 그 효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 입력기의 사실성과 시점의 차이에 따라 피험자의 각성, 동일시 정도, 관여도에 차이가 있음이 드러났다. 얻어진 결과들의 함의와 관련논의가 제시되었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

Pneumatic Active Engine Mount(PAEM) with open-loop control system has been developed to reduce the transmission of the idle-shake vibration induced by engine effectively and economically. A solenoid valve installed between PAEM and vacuum tank is on-off switched by the Pulse Width Modulate(PWM) control signal to decrease the dynamic stiffness of the engine mount. This paper presents the methodology to identify the optimal values of control parameters of a PAEM, i.e, turn-on timing and duty ratio of PWM signal for 6 different idle driving conditions. A scanning algorithm was first applied to the vehicle test to obtain the approximate optimal control parameters minimizing the vibration at front seat rail and at steering wheel. Then the PAEM system identification was fulfilled to find accurate optimal control parameters by using multi-layer neural networks of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with vehicle test data.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2005

The brake judder is a phenomenon that the steering wheel is abnormally vibrating when the car is braked at a high speed. It is classified by the cold and the hot judder. The former is generated due to the initial uneven disk surface and the latter is resulted from the uneven heat spots on disc surface by repeatedly braking. There are two ways to reduce the judder. One is to control vibration by modification of the disk shapes and pad ingredients. The other is to improve modal characteristics of the suspension system. The latter approach is used in this research. In this paper, the real vehicle test and computer simulation are considered to systematically understand the judder phenomenon of the vehicle. The Macpherson strut suspension is employed. Especially, the judder sensitivity is calculated based on design sensitivity analysis. A bush stiffness was reworked and braking test was done to verify the sensitivity result. The judder reduction by the mode control was verified.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.446-467
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• 2012

In this paper, the analysis and design of a motion simulator (based on the approach taken by interactive virtual reality (VR) entertainment systems) is conducted. The main components of the system include a bilateral control interface, simulation and a motion simulator control scheme. The space entertainment system uses a virtual environment that enables operators to feel the actual feedback sensing and distorted motion from the virtual environment, just as they would in the real environment. The space entertainment system integrates the dynamics of the motion simulator and the virtual environment and the operator maneuvers a steering wheel to interact with the system. The multiple bilateral control schemes employ a dynamical controller, which is designed by considering the velocity and acceleration that the operator imposes on the joystick, the environmental changes imposed on the motion simulator. In addition, we develop a calculated method to evaluate the Ratio of the simulation results. It is shown that the proposed control scheme can improve the performance of the visual entertainment system. Experiments are conducted on the virtual reality entertainment system to validate the theoretical developments.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2015

본 연구에서 자동화된 기립 및 복귀 시스템이 적용된 직립주행이 가능한 이동로봇용 구동 플랫폼이 개발되었다. 종래 대부분의 이동로봇은 정역학적으로 안정된 평면형의 4륜 혹은 3륜 구동형으로 구성되어 있는데, 이러한 형태의 이동로봇은 방향 전환을 위해서 독립구동형 혹은 조향형 차륜을 갖추고 있다. 이동로봇이 매우 협소한 지형에서 직각으로 굽은 통로를 주행할 때, 이동로봇은 전후진을 반복하는 등 복잡한 조향동작을 필요로 하거나, 극단적인 경우, 물리적인 조향이 불가능한 경우에 처하게 된다. 직립주행이 가능한 이동로봇은 점유면적이 작은 직립된 상태로 몸체의 형상을 변형시켜 해당 지형을 원활하게 통과할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 기립(복귀)동작, 확인동작, 평형제어 순으로 각 단계가 수동으로 조작되었던 기립제어 단계가 몸체의 기울기 각도 검출로 자동화되어, 단일 자동제어로 조작되는 차륜형 역진자 시스템이 제안되었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the adaptive device for severe physical disabilities using smart device in the driving simulator and its performance evaluation. Development of appropriate driving adaptive device for the people with serious physical limitation could contribute to maintain their community mobility. Background: There is lack of adaptive driving devices for the people with disabilities in Korea. However, if smart device systems like iPod and iPhone are used for driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: Both gyroscope and accelerometer from iPod were used to measure the tilted angle of the smart device for driving. Customized Labview program was also used to control three axis motors for steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedals. Thirteen subjects were involved in the experiment for performance evaluation of smart device in simulator. Five subjects had driver licenses. Another four subjects did not have driver licenses. Others were people with disabilities. Results: Average driving score of the normal group with driver license in the simulator increased 46.6% compared with the normal group without driver license and increased 30.4% compared with the disabled group(p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average driving score between normal group without driver license and disabled group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The normal group with driver license showed significantly higher driving score than other groups. The normal group without driver license and disabled group could improve their driving skills with training in simulator. Application: If follow-up studies would be continued and applied in adapted vehicle for on road environment, many people with more severe disabilities could drive and improve the quality of life.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1434-1440
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• 2011

In this paper, we assessed muscular activities of lower limbs and foot pressure for car and bus drivers according to operating three electronic pedals that we developed. To analyze drivers' physical exhaustion, muscular fatigue of lower limbs was evaluated. Eleven car drivers and six urban bus drivers were participated in this experiment. The virtual driving system was used for the real driving environment. The virtual driving system was comprised of a spring seat, a steering wheel, pedals (clutch, excel and brake pedals), a manual transmission and a virtual driving simulation. For the real vibration like situation on the road, six degree of freedom motion base system was used. Measured muscles were rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (Gn) muscles. For the quantitative muscular activities, integrated electromyography (IEMG) was analyzed. Muscular fatigues also were analyzed through the analysis of the median frequency. In addition, foot pressures were analyzed and compared through the peak and averaged pressure during the operating three developed electronic pedals. The experiments are conducted with total 17 drivers, 11 general public and 6 drivers. As a result of the analysis, electromyogram and fatigue analysis through intermediate frequency reduction for pedal-1 more efficient than other pedals. And foot pressure also was decreased. Consequently, we suggested the most efficient pedal and method to minimize the amount of cumulative fatigue.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 자동차의 안전운전을 위해서 운전자의 생체정보를 수집하여 운전자의 상태에 따라 운전자에게 적절한 경보를 하거나, 직접 자동자를 제어할 수 있는 기반 시스템을 제시하였다. 기존의 운전자 얼굴정보를 촬영하여 정보를 획득하거나, 운전자의 시트나 스티어링 휠에 센서를 장착하여 생제정보를 획득하는 방식이 부정확하거나 단속적인 정보만을 얻을 수 있는데 비하여, 본 논문에서 제시한 웨어러블 장치는 의료장비 수준의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었으며, 지속적으로 높은 정확도의 생체신호를 얻을 수 있었다. 개발된 웨어러블 장치에는 심박, 피부전도도, 피부온도를 측정할 수 있는 센서를 장착하였으며, 자동차에서 발생되는 각종 잡음을 제거할 수 있는 필터 기술을 적용하였고, 가속도센서와 자이로 센서를 장착하여 측정 오차를 제거하는 기술을 적용하였다. 수집된 생체신호를 바탕으로 운전자의 상태를 판별할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였고, 공인인증기관에 의뢰하여 의료수준 정도의 정확성이 있음을 검증하였다. 실험실 시험과 실차 시험을 통하여 개발된 장치가 운전자의 상태를 측정할 수 있는 장치로 활용될 수 있음을 검증하였다.