• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 1995

To determine the effect of soil moisture stress on growth of barley and grain quality, a pot experiment was carried out for two barley varieties(Olbori and Chogangbori) by using large plastic pot(52cm in diameter and 55cm in depth) filled with sandy loam soil under rain-controlled open green house. By means of measuring soil water potential with micro tensiometer and gypsum block installed at 10cm in soil depth, soil moisture was controlled by sub-irrigation at several irigation points such as -0.05bar, -0.2bar, -0.5bar, -1.0bar, -5.0bar and -10.0bar in soil water potential. The lower soil water potential was controlled, the shorter length of stem and internode became, and the more narrow stem diameter was. Leaf area was significantly decreased when soil water potential was controlled lower than -0.5bar, although chlorophyll content of flag and first leaves was not changed so much. Weight of grain and ear was significantly decreased when soil water potential was lower than -5.0bar and the highest grain yield was obtaind in a plot where soil water potential was controlled at -0.2bar. However, the most efficient water use of Olbori and Chogangbori was obtained at -0.5bar and -1.0bar in water potentials, respectively. Crude protain content, maximum viscosity, consistency and ${\beta}$-glucan content of barley flour increased as soil water potential significantly decreased, especially below -5.0bar, but gelatination temperature decreased as soil water potential decreased.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.4-27
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• 2012

The five capital(五京) was installed in the $Li{\acute{a}}o$(遼) Dynasty. $Sh{\acute{a}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$(上京) was the main capital city of the $Li{\acute{a}}o$(遼) Dynasty. $Zh{\bar{o}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$(中京) was the second capital(陪都); and the other three was the capital city with symbolic meaning. The layout of $Sh{\grave{a}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$ was the '日-shaped plan; this was newly advent structure of ancient Chinese capital city system. $Zh{\bar{o}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$(中京) was surrounded by multiple ramparts influenced by the $Bi{\grave{a}}nli{\acute{a}}ng$ Fortress (?梁城). Three capitals, Nanjing(南京), $X{\bar{i}}j{\bar{i}}ng$(西京) and $D{\bar{o}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$(東京), were reconstructed on the foundation of the previously constructed town in $T{\acute{a}}ng$(唐) or Bohai(渤海) Fortress (舊城). The structure and Planning of $Sh{\grave{a}}ngj{\bar{i}}ng$(上京) in the $Li{\acute{a}}o$(遼) Dynasty, had significantly influenced in the capital city planning of the $J\bar{i}n$(金), $Yu{\acute{a}}n$(元) and Qing(淸) Dynasties of China

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the ring lock type knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) with newly developed 4-bar linkage KAFO on the gait characteristics of persons with poliomyelitis clinically. This 4-bar linkage is the stance control type KAFO which provide the stability during stance phase and knee flexion during swing phase. Two subjects participated in this study voluntarily. We provided the customized 4-bar linkage KAFO then asked the subjects to walk in level surface and stairs under the two different KAFO conditions. The characteristics of gait in the persons with poliomyelitis were evaluated using a 3D motion analysis system and force plate. Additionally 6 minute walk test for physiological cost index were conducted using pulse oximeter to measure the energy consumption. In the results of this study, the differences of 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO are as follows: (1) Walking speed, stride length, and step length on level increased in subjects, (2) The gait symmetry was improved by generated knee flexion and decreased pelvic external rotation on level and stairs walking, (3) Decreased vertical excursion of center of mass and pelvic elevation during swing phase was decreased on level, (4) Knee extension moment, hip flexion moment, hip and knee internal rotation moment of non-braced limb were decreased on level walking, (5) Walking speed in 6-minute walk test was increased and physiological cost index was decreased. These findings indicate that 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO is effective in enhancing pattern, endurance, and energy consumption in level surface and stairs walking.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-69
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• 1996

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze stress distribution in implant supporting tissue according to different types of attachments such as combination bar attachment, Hader bar attachment, O-Ring attachment and Dal-Ro attachment that are used in mandibular overdenture by using two osseointegrated implants, to study the influence that POM IMC used in bar type attachment has in implant supporting tissue and compare the preceding analyses to find out an effective stress distribution method. Three dimensional photoelastic method was used to obtain the following results. (A) Analysis of stress distribution according to attachment type 1. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress was seen at implant supporting area of working side on all the photoelastic models but in Hader bar attachment tensional stress was seen at distal upper area of implant supporting area. Relatively Hader bar and O-Ring attachment showed even stress distribution pattern. 2. Under vertical load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models. 3. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, general compressive stress was seen at working side implant supporting area in most of the models, especially at distal upper supporting area higher compressive stress concentration was seen in combination bar attachment and tensional stress concentration, in Hader bar attachment. 4. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, compressive stress at implant apex area and tensional stress at implant lateral supporting area were seen at nonworking side of all models, except O-Ring model which showed compressive stress only. (B) Influence of POM IMC to stress distribution in bar type attachment 5. Under vertical load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar and Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 6. Under vertical load condition, stress value was increased at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC and tendency of increasing compression was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 7. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, better stress distribution pattern was seen at working side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen on working side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC. 8. Under $25^{\circ}$ lateral load condition, stress reduction was seen at nonworking side of combination bar attachment model using POM IMC but tendency of increasing stress was seen at nonworking side of Hader bar attachment model using POM IMC.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2017

The object of this case report is to introduce milled zirconia bar and PEKK female part made by CAD/CAM technology for bar attachment implant supported overdenture in maxillary edentulous patients. For over 2 years, in terms of function and esthetics, satisfactory result was obtained. Esthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained in periodic follow up check.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.672-676
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• 2012

This paper studies the relation between the deformation of platen caused by clamping force, the bending stress and elongation at the tie-bar in injection molding machine of toggle type. These data are analyzed through analytical molding and numerical approach by tensile tester. The effect of bending stress on the stress concentration of teeth and nut system is also analyzed by 2 dimensional numerical approach. The bending stress of tie-bar caused by platen deformation becomes less than 20% of average tensile stress. And the effect of bending stress on stress concentration at teeth and nut system of tie-bar is found to be small.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of the fineness modulus of reactive aggregate on ASR expansion and ASR products have been investigated. The reactive aggregate used was metamorphic aggregate originated from Korea. ASR tests were conducted according to accelerated mortar bar test. The morphology and chemical composition of products formed in mortar bars, 5 years after the mortar bar test had been performed, were studied by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Test results indicated that ASR expansion of mortar bars decrease in linear proportion to the fineness modulus of reactive aggregate. SEM images indicated that mortar bars showed reactive products formed in cement paste, within air voids and within cracks through particles except for the mortar bar with the fineness modulus of 3.25. The EDS analysis of the reactive products showed presence of silica, calcium and sodium, typical of ASR product composition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1446-1454
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• 1990

A systematic method of design modification to reduce the influence of impact from multiple clearances in a planar four bar mechanism is developed. For this purpose, an optimization method is used with the objective function which is the linear sum of the Earles and Wu criteria for every joints with clearances. One coil spring is attached to a joint of limited range of revolution to reduce the undesirable dynamic effects due to clearances at joints. The stiffness of the coil spring and its pre-loading angle are chosen as design variables. A numerical example is taken for a four bar mechanism. The initial and modified mechanisms are compared using a clearance mechanism analysis technic to see the difference in dynamic effects due to contact loss. It is found that the modified mechanism produces much more smooth joint contact forces than the original design.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.467-475
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• 2012

In this paper, a technical method of reducing torque load of exoskeleton device, with using of a gravity compensator based on a torsion bar, for human leg joints, is proposed. Design and structure analyses and also performance test were performed to estimate and to measure the characteristics of the torsion bar. On the basis of design and structure analysis, a new light and compact exoskeleton device has been developed. For the purpose of lightening and optimizing thickness of the links, FEM analysis has been performed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.126-131
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• 1999

Up until now, it is said that no satisfactory computer solutions have been found for synthesizing four-bar linkage based on the prescribed coupler link curve. In our study, an algorithm has been developed to improve the design synthesis of four-bar linkage automatically generating prescribed path by using B-spline interpolation. The suggested algorithm generates the desired coupler curve by using B-spline interpolation, and hence the generated curve approximates as closely as to the desired curve representing coupler link trajectory. Also, when comparing each generated polygon with the control polygon, rapid comparison by applying convex hull concept. finally, optimization process using ADS is incorporated into the algorithm based on the 5 precision point method to reduce the total optimization process time. As for examples, three different four-bar linkages were tested and the results showed the effectiveness of the algorithm.