• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.759-770
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• 2017

Stress has been associated with poor eating behavior and diet quality. Yet, the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults has not been validated. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. This study investigated 2,010 female adults age 19~64. In this study, according to subjects' perceived stress, we classified subjects into very low-stress recognition group (VLSRG) (n=211), low-stress recognition group (VSRG) (n=1,223), high-stress recognition group (HSRG) (n=488) and very high-stress recognition group (VHSRG) (n=88). Daily nutrients and food group intake, food groups consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. The VHSRG had a larger proportion of subjects that were younger (p<0.0001), single (p<0.0001) and smokers (p<0.0001) compared to the VLSRG. Energy and food intake did not differ between the four groups. Percentage of subjects with protein (p=0.0322), vitamin A (p=0.0364) and vitamin C (p=0.0115) intake lower than the EAR (estimated average requirement) in the VHSRG were significantly lowest in the four groups. Also, food intake percentage from fruits and seaweed groups in the VHSRG were lower than other groups (p=0.0034, p=0.0015). DDS in the VHSRG (3.87) was significantly lowest in the four groups (p=0.0022). Results suggest that perceived stress in Korean female adults may by significant to consider in nutritional education programs.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.444-452
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• 2019

주요 획득성 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) 유전자에 의해 매개되는 carbapenem 내성, 특히 Acinetobacter spp. 균종의 임상 분리주에 대한 보고가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서 임상에서 비 중복으로 분리된 carbapenem 비감수성 Acinetobacter spp. 191주 중 125 (65.4%)주가 imipenem 혹은 meropenem-Hodge 변법시험에 양성이었고, 49 (25.7%)주가 imipenem-EDTA+SMA double disk synergy (DDS) 시험에 양성이었다. bla_VIM-2 allele와 bla_IMP-2 allele 검출을 위한 중합효소연쇄반응과 염기서열분석을 시행한 결과, A. baumannii와 A. calcoaceticus에서 각각 29주와 1주가 bla_VIM-2를 갖고 있었고, A. baumannii 16주와 A. calcoaceticus 2주가 bla_IMP-1을 갖고 있었다. A. genomospecies 3는 blaVIM-2와 bla_AIM-1을 동시에 갖고 있었다. 이들 MBL 유전자는 모두 class 1 integron에 있었다. bla_VIM-2 혹은 bla_IMP-6를 갖는 class 1 integron의 크기는 A. baumannii 분리주에서는 2.8 kb에서 3.2 kb이었고, A. genomospecies 3 분리주에서는 3.2 kb에서 3.5 kb이었다. bla_VIM-2는 대부분 class 1 integron에 첫번째 혹은 두번째에 위치하였고, aacA4를 흔히 가지고 있었다. 다양한 내성 유전자를 가질 수 있는 MBL 생성 Acinetobacter spp.뿐 아니라 다양한 내성 유전자를 가질 수 있는 integron의 전파로 imipenem이나 meropenem과 같은 carbapenem 내성을 포함하여 다제 내성 그람음성 세균의 증가가 예상된다. 또한, 위중한 Acinetobacter spp. 감염증 치료를 위한 새로운 항균제 개발이 필요하다.

• 정보보호학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

Industry 4.0의 진행으로 이기종의 IoT 장비들 간의 통신을 위해 다양한 산업용 통신 미들웨어들이 등장했다. 그 중 Robotics 분야에서 활발히 사용되는 Robot Operating System (ROS)는 개발자 커뮤니티와 로봇 개발 도구들을 기반으로 지속적인 시장 점유율 증가세를 보이고 있다. 초기 발표된 ROS1의 경우 보안이 전혀 고려되지 않은 설계로 Packet Injection 공격등의 사이버 보안 위협에 취약했지만, ROS2의 경우 통신 미들웨어인 Data Distribution Service (DDS) 통신규격을 전송 계층에 적용하여 메시지 전송에 대한 보안 기능을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 최근 연구에서는 DDS와 관련된 ROS2 취약점이 발표되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 DDS와 관련된 ROS2의 공격 기술 동향을 소개한다.

• 한국도시철도학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2018

최근 철도안전 감시 및 제어를 위한 데이터 분산 서비스 기반의 융합시스템인 실시간 철도안전 통합 감시 제어 시스템 개발 연구가 진행되고 있다. 차량, 신호, 전력 및 안전감시 설비의 안전 데이터를 실시간 수집하고, 대용량 데이터 처리를 위하여 분산 서비스 기반의 통신 미들웨어를 채택하였다. 그러나, 기존 관제 서버로 활용되는 서버장치의 경우 안전성 등의 사유로 하드웨어 성능이 낮아 분산 서비스 미들웨어의 최대 성능을 발휘하지 못하는 실정이다. 안전관제 시스템에서도 초당 20만 패킷을 전송량 목표로 설정하였으나 LAB 기반 성능시험을 수행한 결과 충족하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존 장비의 데이터 수집 성능을 개선하고자 철도 데이터의 특성을 분석하였고, 분석 결과에 따라 패킷량이 많은 신호설비와 차량설비의 데이터 모델에 DDS 기반의 스트리밍 전송방식을 적용하였다. 그 결과 하드웨어 성능이 동일한 경우 처리량이 기존보다 약 30.4배 향상됨을 확인하였다. 향후 실시간 철도안전 통합 감시 제어 시스템에 실제로 적용하여 데이터 처리의 성능을 개선해나갈 예정이다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2003

For last five years, we are developing the novel local drug delivery devices using biodegradable polymers, especially polylactide (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) due to its relatively good biocompatibility, easily controlled biodegradability, good processability and only FDA approved synthetic degradable polymers. The relationship between various kinds of drug [water soluble small molecule drugs: gentamicin sulfate (GS), fentanyl citrate (FC), BCNU, azidothymidine (AZT), pamidronate (ADP), $1,25(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$, water insoluble small molecule drugs: fentanyl, ipriflavone (IP) and nifedipine, and water soluble large peptide molecule drug: nerve growth factor (NGF), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)], different types of geometrical devices [microspheres (MSs), microcapsule, nanoparticle, wafers, pellet, beads, multiple-layered beads, implants, fiber, scaffolds, and films], and pharmacological activity are proposed and discussed for the application of pharmaceutics and tissue engineering. Also, local drug delivery devices proposed in this work are introduced in view of preparation method, drug release behavior, biocompatibility, pharmacological effect, and animal studies. In conclusion, we can control the drug release profiles varying with the preparation, formulation and geometrical parameters. Moreover, any types of drug were successfully applicable to achieve linear sustained release from short period ($1{\sim}3$ days) to long period (over 2 months). It is very important to design a suitable formulation for the wanting period of bioactive molecules loaded in biodegradable polymers for the local delivery of drug. The drug release is affected by many factors such as hydrophilicity of drug, electric charge of drug, drug loading amount, polymer molecular weight, the monomer composition, the size of implants, the applied fabrication techniques, and so on. It is well known that the commercialization of new drug needs a lot of cost of money (average: over 10 million US dollar per one drug) and time (average: above 9 years) whereas the development of DDS and high effective generic drug might be need relatively low investment with a short time period. Also, one core technology of DDS can be applicable to many drugs for the market needs. From these reasons, the DDS research on potent generic drugs might be suitable for less risk and high return.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1986

This study was attempted to identify the emotional characteristics of temporomandibular disorder patients. The author applied one of the self-report modes of psychological measurement, Symptom Chechlist-90-Revision. The subjects were 219 TM disorder patients who visited the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital during the period from December 1985 to September 1986. All the patients were divided into subgroup according sex, age, duration of symptoms, presence or absence of T-scores of each symptom dimension and global index. The obtained result were as follows : 1. Mean value of T-scores of each symptom dimension and global of the overall patients was within normal range. The two higher mean values of T-scores among 9 symptom dimensions were those of SOM and ANX. 2. Mean values of T-scores of females were higher than those of males in the O-C, DEP, ANX, HOS, PSY dimensions and all global indices, and there was a significant difference in the distribution of T-scores of the SOM dimension between males and female(P<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between the subgroup under 30 years and the subgroup 30 years or older. 4. The subgroup with symptoms for 6 months or longer showed the higher mean values of T-scorers in the SOM, O-C, I-S, DEP, ANX, PHOB, PAR, PSY dimensions and all global indices compared with the subgroup with symptoms for shorter than 6 months. 5. The subgroup with pain showed the higher mean values of T-scores in all the symptom dimensions except the PAR in comparison with the subgroup with other complaints than pain, and there was a significant difference in the distribution of T-scores of the PST index between the pain subgroup and the non-pain subgroup(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the distribution of T-scores of the PHOB dimension between the high-school graduates subgroup and the college graduates subgroup(P<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.316-328
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in food intake patterns by the economic status. Data from the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, the subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1%), middle class (40.7%) and low class (23.1%). Mean intakes for other food groups except grains, potatoes and vegetables became higher as the eco-nomic levels were going up. By the family size, it was found that intakes of grains and fishes were different (p<0.05). By the economic status, intakes of fruits (p<0.05), meats (p<0.05) and fishes (p<0.01) were different. There were no significant differences in consumed types of food by the economic status. Rice was the most prevalent food in all clas-ses and its intakes increased as the economic status was going down. In the dietary patterns of main food group (GMDVF: Grain, Meats, Dairy, Vegetable and Fruit), the pattern except dairy (11011) revealed the highest proportion in high-middle class while the patterns without dairy and fruit food groups (11010) had the highest proportion in low class. The propor-tions of subjects with the low dietary diversity score (DDS) increased as economic status was going down (p<0.01). The food groups that most people do not consume were the dairy and fruit group. Proportions of people who missed one or more group increased as economic status was going down. The high dietary variety score (DVS) also was linked to a high score on the DDS and high class (p＜0.01). Thus the intakes of the dairy and fruits product should be increased in all classes. The low class especially had worse quality of food intakes pattern than that of the high or middle class. The nutrition policy and education programs need to be established according to the economic status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2007

To find out what foods and dishes are being consumed by people with dyslipidemia, we have researched which food groups and dish groups are utilized in order to use for nutrition educations. The data was obtained from participants in 2001 KNHNS using the 24hours recall method. Ages over 30 years old are used for the analysis. Food and dish group intakes are analyzed by gender, age, residence, education, and economic status. Dyslipidemia are divided into A, B and C groups using guideline of dyslipidemia. The differences in food consumption were analyzed and assessed by GMDVF, DDS and DVS. SAS and SPSS were used for the data analysis. Overall, In food group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of vegetables, while people in A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of fruits (p < 0.05). In dish group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of rice dish, soups and kimchi, while people A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of breads and snacks, salad and fruits (p < 0.05). In the dietary patterns of main food group (GMDVF), the pattern excluding dairy (11011) revealed the highest proportion in all groups. DDS = 4 has the highest proportion in all groups. The proportions of subjects with the low dietary diversity score increased in B and C (with dyslipidemia). Food groups that most people do not consume were dairy and fruits. The level of DVS in A (without dyslipidemia) is higher than in B and C (with dyslipidemia). With these results, it is shown that people with dyslipidemia had worse quality patterns of food intake than those without dyslipidemia. Thus we should emphasize the balanced diet and educate people how to choose foods. So it is necessary to develop food guide for people with dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2003

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the normal morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair of matrix and also have important functions in pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of extracellular matrix, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis and in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, expression of MMP-1 and -2 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was examined and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. MMP mRNAs in the retrodiscal tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. TMJ internal derangement (ID) was categorized as normal disc position, disc displacement with reduction, early stage of disc displacement without reduction (DDsR) and late stage of DDsR. TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA) was classified with normal, mild and advanced OA. The amount of synovial fluid collection was divided into not detected, small, large and extremely large amount on MR T2-weighted imaging. Perforation and adhesion were examined during open surgery of the TMJ. Six out of 37 samples were excluded because of little amount of extracted total mRNA. MMP-2 mRNA was detected whole joints, and so the MMP-2 mRNA seems to be expressed normally in retrodiscal tissue. However, MMP-1 mRNA was expressed in 8 of 31 joints. Frequencies of MMP-1 mRNA expression according to the TMJ IDs, amount of synovial fluid and surgical findings made no significant difference. MMP-1 mRNA was detected more frequently in OA groups (7/16 joints, 43.8%) than in normal bony structure group (1/15 joints, 6.7%). Expression of MMP-1 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue might be related with OA of the TMJ.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2007

첨가제가 단백질 약물 방출 속도 및 약물 제제 제조 및 구조에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 친수성 첨가제인 D-sorbitol의 경우 친유성 첨가제보다 단백질 약물 방출 속도를 감소시킬 수 있었으며 최적의 농도는 3% (w/v)로 나타났다. 또한 제제 제조시 점도를 낮게 유지할 뿐 아니라 상분리 없는 균일한 pluronic 용액상태를 유지하여 약물이 첨가될 경우에 균일한 약물제제를 만들 수 있었다. 한편 D-sorbitol은 pluronic 수용액의 CMC를 낮추고 마이셀 표면에 작용하여 구조를 강화하는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 pluronic 제제에 D-sorbitol을 첨가하여 단백질 약물의 안정성을 향상시키고 효과적인 약물전달 시스템을 설계할 수 있었다.