• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2005

Macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) induce microglial interaction with ${\beta}$-amyloid fibrils (fA${\beta}$) that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although microglia are know n to have a dual effect on formation of plaque and clearance of fA${\beta}$ in the AD brain, receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a very important tool for preventing amyloid plaque via activated microglia in the early stage of AD. In the study, we examined whether ginsonoside Rg3 enhances the microglial Phagocytosis of A${\beta}$1-42 through Phagocytosis assay, gene expression (RT-PCR) and protein assay (western blots) for the cell responsiveness presented between Rg3-treated and non-treated groups. Fluro-labeled Ac-LDL and E.coli particles were used as control proteins for phagocytosis. In previous studies, this was a particularly interesting property of Rg3 in the stimulation and phagocytosis of macrophages in the periphery. We report here that ginsenoside Rg3 increased the expression of type-A MSR (MSR-A) in microglia and thus accelerated the phagocytosis with an effective degradation of engulfed fA${\beta}$. This result suggests that Rg3 may play an important role in removing fA${\beta}$ by enhancing the receptor-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, Rg3 could be a potential candidate for balancing the rate of production of fA${\beta}$ in AD brain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

To search a new anti-depressant agents against para-chloroamphetamine-induced excitation, three dimensional quantitative-structure relationships (3D-QSAR) models between structure of 3a,4-dihydro-3H-[1]-benzopyronao[4,3]isoxazoles (1-30) and thieir inhibitory activity against para-chloroamphetamine-induced excitation were performed and discussed quantitatively using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. From these basis on the findings, the optimized CoMSIA-2F model ($q^2$=0.793 and $r^2$=0.952) showed the best statistical results. And also, it is found that the para-chloroamphetamine inhibitory activity from the optimized CoMSIA-2F model was dependent on steric field (35.2%) and electrostatic field (64.8%) of tricyclic isoxazoles. Particularly, it is predicted that the inhibitory activity against para-chloroamphetamine-induced excitation will be able to increase by the designed compounds from the CoMSIA-2F model.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.219-232
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• 2019

Chemicals related to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and nitric oxide (NO) generations were exogenously applied to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) causing Fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants, and regulations of in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of the fungus by the chemical treatments were evaluated. $H_2O_2$ drastically reduced the conidial germination of Fof in a dose-dependent manner, and treatment with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) catalase inhibitor also led to dose-dependent inhibition of conidial germination but relatively moderately. Gradual decreases in mycelial growth of Fof were found by high concentrations of $H_2O_2$, whilst exogenous 3-AT slightly increased the mycelial growth. Increasing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NO donor, $N^G$-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) NO synthase (NOS)-inhibitor and tungstate nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor led to dose-dependent reductions in conidial germination of Fof in quite different levels. SNP conversely increased the mycelial growth but increasing L-NAME moderately decreased the mycelial growth. Tungstate strongly enhanced mycelial growth. Differentially regulated in vitro mycelial growths of Fof were demonstrated by SNP, L-NAME and tungstate with or without $H_2O_2$ supplement. Superoxide anion production was also regulated during the mycelial growth of Fof by nitric oxide. These results show that $H_2O_2$ and NO-associated enzymes can be suggested as fungal growth regulators of Fof as well as eco-friendly disease-managing agents in strawberry production fields.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2 s.40
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• pp.108-115
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• 2005

Gyeonggi metamorphic complex in the Gwangju area include banded biotite gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss. Detailed structural analysis suggests that structural elements in the study area were formed by at least five phase of deformations. Penetrative compositional foliations(S1) formed in the banded gneiss during the first metamorphism and deformation (D1). After intrusion of plutonic rocks, the second deformation (D2) produced S2 foliations in the banded gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss during the second metamorphism. D3 structures are represented by isoclinal folds (F3) whose axial surfaces are parallel to S3 foliations. The N-S oriented shortening (D4) was accommodated by closed upright F4 fold with about 100m of axial surface separation. F4 fold is refolded by regional F5 folding resulting in different orientation and fold style of F4 fold according to the position of F5 fold. The F4 fold with tight interlimb angle is subparallel to the axial surface (north-south) of F5 fold in the core of the F5 fold. In contrast the F4 fold trends northeast in the western limb and northwest in the eastern limb of F5 fold. The interlimb angle is larger in the limbs than that in the core of F5 fold. The trace of foliations is constrained by mainly F4 and F5 folds. Joint fanning around fold is developed in the limbs of F5 fold and bc joints are dominant in the hinge area of F5 fold. A strike-slip fault had developed in tile central part of the study area after F5 folding. The orientation of joint and foliation is rotated anticlockwise about $15^{\circ}$ by the landslide occurred during the Quaternary.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.94-102
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• 2013

Manufactured $SiC_f/SiC$ composites by NITE method was investigated fracture characteristics according to the size of the surface crack. Coated surface crack with a $SiO_2$ colloid in several ways was evaluating the possibility of healing. The strength of CCS and UCS is 313 and 230MPa, respectively and it is about 1/3 of the SPS. Bending strength of $SiC_f/SiC$ composites has no effect with the pre-crack size to the critical crack size. $SiC_f/SiC$ composites can not generate large amount of $SiO_2$ oxides to the bottom of crack, and is only generated randomly on surfaces, and can not contribute to the recovery of bending strength.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.656-664
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• 1999

Accidents are the leading cause of death in children worldwide. The purpose of this study is to use basic data of safety education, counseling, and information available regarding accident prevention to examine the degree of mothers' accident prevention practices for their children. Data were collected from June to October, 1998 from 587 mothers including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul and Kyoungki-Do. By using the 30 item questionnaire, which was created by researchers through literature review, the degree of mothers' accident prevention practices for their children was measured. The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers shown ranged 70-118 and averaged 3.19. Compared to the composit area average score, drug keeping had the highest score of 3.57 The next highest scores and traffic safety(3.41), and supervision of child(3.30). Prevention against burning was the lowest point at 2.58. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in the mothers' education(F＝4.291, p＝.014), type of residence(F＝3.979, p＝.008), and child developmental age (F＝5.275, p＝.001). The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers were relatively high. But the area which showed the low degree of accident prevention practices, required nurses' active education, counseling, social interest and support, and mass media participation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.235.3-236
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.239-240
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• 2016

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of the types of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the physicochemistrical pattern for the four types of Aucklandiae Radix. The results follow: 1. At the external shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has rising lenticel and dark brown surface, Its section is light gray and its xylem is yellow gray. Aralia continentalis has big stem mark in upper portion, its section has no dense tissue with yellow gray. Heracleum hemsleyanum has dark brown surface and little lenticel, its cortical layer is white yellow and xylem is isabella and powdered. 2. At the internal shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has phloem with half of the root and rare vessel. Aralia continentalis has phloem with two-thirds of the root and it has broad cutting and putting vessel that formed 1-2 row. Heracleum hemsleyanum also has phloem with half of the root and wide scattered latex tube and many large vessel. 3. At the TLC pattern, Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable dark spot at $R_{f}$ 0.23 on the sulphuric acid color pattern test, but others have faint. 4. At the HPLC pattern, all samples have generally patterns. But Angelica pubescens f. biserrata shows diminutive continentalic acid content and the peak at Rt 20.278min comes out on Heracleum hemsleyanum, but do not come out on Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable peak at Rt 20.278min, but shows no peak at Rt 29.023min unlike Aralia continentalis or Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Also Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata show one remarkable peak at Rt 29.023, but Heracleum hemsleyanum do not show. Consequently, Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata are comparable whit continentalic acid content and Heracleum hemsleyanum is comparable with the peak at Rt 20.273 and Rt 29.023. So it is thought that content of continentalic acid and the peaks at Rt 20.278 and Rt 29.023 can apply to differentiate a species from other. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 1982

The study on prevention measures for vibration and excavation of tunnel for the #3, #4, Seoul Subway. In the Seoul subway tunnel blasting, the drilling pattern and prevention method to seismic vibration are as follows as well as for adaptions of NATM, the supportings of roof and wall holes are arranged with control blasting. 1. The blasting is executed basically using the low velocity explosive such as slurry, Nitrate ammonium explosive, and F-I and F-II explosive for control blasting substituting of existing dynamite. 2. The cut holes are arranged with burn cut pattern and also must be arranged with M/S electrical delay caps substituting of ordinary do]ay caps. 3. Jack leg drills are used in Five Job sites and a jumbo drill in one job site. 4. In performance of safety work and in maintenance of building safety. The drilling length for blasting will not exceed 1.20 meter for round so that the vibration value shall carry below 0.3cm/sec. The harmonizing of better powder, better drilling machine and better technique is only the way of improving tunnelling efficiency and less vibration will help the dereasing of accidence.