References
-
Giulian, D., Haverkamp, L. J., Yu, J. H., Karshin, W., Tom, D., Li, J., Kirkpatrick, J, Kuo, Y. M. and Roher, A. E. : Specific domains of
${\beta}$ -amyloid from Alzheimer plaque elicit neuron killing in human microglia. J. Neurosci. 16, 6012 (1996) - Edelstein-keshet, L. and Spiros, A. : Exploring the formation of Alzheimer's disease senile plaques in silico. J. Theor. Biol. 216, 301 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2002.2540
- Kim, S. H., Lah, J. J., Thinakaran, G., Levey, A. and Sisodia, S. S. : Subcellular localization of presenilin: association with a unique membrane pool in cultured cells. Neurobiol. Dis. 7, 99 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1999.0280
- Paresce, D. M., Chung, H. and Maxfield, F. R. : Slow degradation of aggregates of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-protein by microglia. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29390 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.46.29390
- Krieger, M. and Herz, J. : Structures and functions of multiligand lipoprotein receptors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 601 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.003125
- Chung, H., Brazil, M. I., Soe, T. T. and Maxfield, F. R : Uptake, degradation, and release of fibrillar and soluble forms of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide by microglia. J. Biol. Chem, 274, 32301 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.45.32301
- Rogers, J., Strohmeyer, R, Kovelowski, C. J. and Li, R. : Microglia and inflammatory mechanisms in the clearance of amyloid peptide. Glia 40, 260 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.10153
- Tsang, D., Yeung, H. W, Tso, W W and Peck, H. : Ginseng saponins: Influence on neurotransmitter uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. Planta Med. 3, 221-224 (1985)
- Wagner, H., Norr, H. and Winterhoff, H. : Plant adaptogens. Phytomedicine 1, 63 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80025-5
- Shibata, S. : Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds. J. Korean Med. Sci. 16, S28 (2001) https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S28
- Singh, V. K., Agarwal, S. S. and Gupta, B. M. : Immunomodulatory activity of Panax ginseng extract. Planta Med. 50, 462 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969773
- Oh, G. S., Pae, H. O., Choi, B. M., Seo, E. A., Kim, D. H., Shin, M. K., Kim, J. D., Kim, J. B. and Chung, H. T. : 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol, one of ginsenoside metabolites, inhibits in ducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cancer Lett. 205, 23 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.037
- Kim, D. H., Moon, Y. S., Lee, T. H., Jung, J. S., Suh, H. W and Song, D. K. : The inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on the stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 level in mice. Neurosci Lett. 353, 13 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.08.070
-
Joo, S. S., Kang, H. C., Won, T. J. and Lee, D. I. : Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits pro-inflammatory repertoires, IL-1
${\beta}$ and nitric oxide in rat microglia. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26, 1067 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02994760 - Wisniewski, H. M., Vorbrodt, A. W, Wegiel, J., Marys, J. and Lossinsky, A. S. : Ultrastructure of the cells forming amyloid fibers in Alzheimer disease and scrapie. Am. J. Med. Genet. 7, 287 (1990)