• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.869-902
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• 1996

Flexion of a metal/ceramic fixed partial denture(EPD) frameworks under function can cause fracture of porcelain or deterioration of the cement seal. This study evaluated the flexion characteristics of three-unit mandibular FPD frameworks, repacing the second pre-molar under compressive load(200g, 400g). Testing was accompished with real-time holographic interferometry, using 6 porcelain fused-to metal frameworks. Tested alloys were non-precious alloy(Heracles, Holland), semi-precious alloy(Degudent U, Germany) and precious alloy(Degudent H, Germany). Changes of the fringe patterns according to the heat treatment(porcelain firing cycle), various loads(200g, 400g), occlusal forms(occlusal porcelain veneering, facial porcelain veneering), various alloys and post-soldering units were compared. Dental study model(Nissan dental products, Inc. D51DP-500A, Japan) and six 3-unit metal/ceramic fixed partial denture frameworks were used as experimental materials. 36 holograms were taken on fixed dental study model by using the 10mW He-Ne laser and real-time holographic interferometry. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn : 1. In the frameworks for facial porcelain veneering, the semi-precious alloy framework was least deformed and precious alloy framework, non-precious alloy framework orderly before heat treatment, and the deformation was not shown great difference among three alloys after heat treatment and post-soldering. 2. In the frameworks for occlusal porcelain veneering, the precious alloy framework was greatest deformed and the deformation was not difference between semi-precious alloy framework and non-precious alloy framework before, after heat treatment, and the deformation was not shown great difference among three alloys after post soldering. 3. In the non-precious alloy frameworks for facial porcelain veneering and occlusal porcelain veneering, the deformation was greatly decreased after heat treatment and conversely increased after post-soldering. 4. In the semi-precious alloy framework for facial porcelain veneering, the deformation was not detectable after heat treatment and increased after post-solder. And in the frame-work for occlusal porcelain veneering, the deformation was slightly decreased after heat treatment and increased after post-soldering. 5. In the precious alloy framework for facial porcelain veneering, the deformation was greatly decreased after heat treatment and increased after post-soldering, And in the framework for occlusal porcelain veneering, the deformation was greatly decreased after heat treatment and decreased after post-soldering.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.133-136
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• 2008

This study was performed to characterize the seasonal variation of water quality and sediment environment from February, 2007 to October, 2007 in 21 stations of Gwangyang bay. $6.03\sim11.98mg/L$ on surface and $4.43\sim10.71mg/L$ on bottom in DO, $0.12\sim3.16mg/L$ on surface and $0.20\sim2.64mg/L$ on bottom in COD, $0.23\sim18.28{\mu}g$-at/L on surface and $0.33\sim9.56{\mu}g$-at/L on bottom in DIN, ND$\sim1.47{\mu}g$-at/L on surface and $0\sim4.56{\mu}g$-at/L on bottom in DIP. IN sediment the ranges were $2.86\sim21.17%$ in IL, $0\sim6.11mg/g$-dry in AVS and $2.64\sim23.23mg/g$-dry in COD.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.327-336
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to create a 3D printable snack dish model for the elderly with low food or fluid intake along with barriers towards eating. Methods: The decision was made by the hybrid-brainstorming method for creating the 3D model. Experts were assigned based on their professional areas such as clinical nutrition, food hygiene and chemical safety for the creation process. After serial feedback processes, the grape shape was suggested as the final model. After various concept sketching and making clay models, 3D-printing technology was applied to produce a prototype. Results: 3D design modeling process was conducted by SolidWorks program. After considering Dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) and other survey data, appropriate supplementary water serving volume was decided as 285 mL which meets 30% of Adequate intake. To consider printing output conditions, this model has six grapes in one bunch with a safety lid. The FDM printer and PLA filaments were used for food hygiene and safety. To stimulate cognitive functions and interests of eating, numbers one to six was engraved on the lid of the final 3D model. Conclusions: The newly-developed 3D model was designed to increase intakes of nutrients and water in the elderly with dementia during snack time. Since dementia patients often forget to eat, engraving numbers on the grapes was conducted to stimulate cognitive function related to the swallowing and chewing process. We suggest that investigations on the types of foods or fluids are needed in the developed 3D model snack dish for future studies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

This study conducted experiments on the reclaimed land of Saemangeum located in Jeongrabuk-do in order to gain basic information about growth characteristics and yield ability according to soil salinity. Having soil excluding salt as a control group, this study adjusted the specimens' soil salinity to level 4 and then planted four varieties including Ilmichal Corn to investigate the growth or grain yield according to salinity. About the corn establishment rate according to soil salinity, over 97% up to $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$ was established, and then, it was reduced gradually according to the increase of concentration. According to the salt concentration of soil more required growth duration from seeding to heading comparing to non-treatment salt was delayed, at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, two days were delayed, at $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$, four to six days were delayed differently by varieties, and at $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$, six to 10 days were delayed. About the plant fresh weight according to soil salinity, Chalok 4 and Eolrukchal indicated 93%~97% or so compared with the salt-free one at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, and Chalok No. 4 showed 79% at the salinity of $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$, too, and it was a relatively higher growth percentage than those of the other varieties. In terms of dried seed weight according to soil salinity, compared with the corns cultivated in the control group, averagely 12.1% was lowered at the time of cultivation at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, and $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$ 40% was lowered, and about 70% was lowered at $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$. According to the result of examining the point of time that dried seed start to reduce due to soil salinity with the regression equation, soil salinity which starts the reduction of grain weight is $1.67dS\;m^{-1}{\sim}2.18dS\;m^{-1}$, and it differs by varieties, and EC of 50% that the yield reduces in half is $2.96dS\;m^{-1}{\sim}4.45dS\;m^{-1}$. And the degree of influence on each of the growth factors according to soil salinity is founded to be in the order of establishment rate

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.296-299
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• 2015

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) has a wide range of hosts, such as the pea family and tomato. CPMMV is a non-reported virus in Korea, and is domestically designated as a controlled virus associated with plant quarantine. In this study, a rapid diagnostic method for the detection of CPMMV at quarantine sites was developed. For the development of a user-based system, the PCR compositions and conditions use existing methods of quarantine for the viruses. Two sets of RT-PCR and nested PCR were developed in this study that could be amplified from 579 → 298 dp and 638 → 252 bp, respectively. Furthermore, a sequence inserted positive control plasmid was developed, which is able to identify false-positives resulting from laboratory contamination. The findings of this study are important for the diagnosis of CPMMV in imported crops held in plant quarantine.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

The xylA gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus No. 236 encoding $\beta$-xylosidase was cloned and sequenced previously. The transcriptional start site of the xylA gene cloned in E. coli was identified to be the guanine (G) by primer extension analysis. This supports that the expression of xylA gene is also directed in the E. coli cells by the previously determined transcription initiation signals, -10 sequence (CATAAT) and -35 sequence (TTGTTA) separated by 12 bp. To increase the expression of $\beta$-xylosidase, firstly the spacer region of xylA promoter was extended from 12 to 17 bp, and then the -10 and -35 elements were converted into their respective consensus sequences. The mutant promoters thus obtained were tested for their activities in both the E. coli and B. subtilis host cells. The change of the length of the spacer region from 12 to 17 bp resulted in a 1.6- and 2.5-fold increase in promoter strength in comparison with the wild type promoter in E. coli and B. subtilis cells, respectively. Also, strength of the promoter with the fourth T to A transversion on its -35 element increased in the transcription level by about 35 times compared with that of wild-type promoter. However, surprisingly the 5' end C-to-T transition of the -10 hexamer showed a 5- to 15-fold reduction in $\beta$-xylosidase activity in both E. coli and B. subtilis. Together, the present data demonstrated that the 5' end nucleotide C of the -10 sequence CATAAT and the fourth nucleotide A of the -35 hexamer are two most critical nucleotides for the promoter activity in the context of the xylA promoter.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2010

청정에너지원의 수요가 증가함에 따라 에너지원의 공급로의 역할을 하는 강관의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 소재가공 기술의 발전과 함께 경량의 고장력 강재의 적용은 공급로의 역할을 하는 강관의 비용절감 및 자원의 효율적 이용 측면에서 지속적으로 연구 개발을 이어왔다. 이러한 추세에 따라 구조용 또는 라인파이프용 강관에서도 고장력 강재의 적용과 함께 고인성 그리고 용접성의 향상을 위한 다양한 라인파이프용 강재의 개발과 이의 적용이 그간 활발히 진행되어왔다. 용도상 반드시 필요한 특성인 고장력, 고인성, 용접성 등 외에도 다양한 강재의 사용에 따른 제조공정상 즉 용접공정에서 발생될 수 있는 용접부의 기계적 특성 변화에 대한 특성 연구 및 기술 연구가 계속 되어왔다. 주로 강관을 생산하는데 쓰이는 ERW (Electric Resistance Welding) 공정에서도 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. ERW는 높은 생산성과 낮은 제조비용의 장점을 가지고 있으나 용접 후 용접부의 기계적 특성 감소로 인한 단점이 있다. 때문에 기계적 특성향상을 위해 최적의 용접조건에 대해 연구해야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 4가지 합금강관의 ERW 용접시 용접 입열량의 변화와 용접부의 후열처리를 통한 미세조직의 변화와 기계적 특성에 대해서 고찰하였다. 4강종 시편의 미세조직을 OM, SEM을 통한 분석 이후 인장시험 및 경도시험 등을 통해 기계적 특성을 평가하였다. 대부분의 시편에서 입열량의 증가에 따라 Ferrite 분율이 증가하였고 용접중앙부의 Ferrite 양이 용접경계부 보다 많았다. Ferrite 집중부의 분포가 극명하게 관찰되었던 DP780 (적정) 강종과 미세하게나마 Ferrite 집중부가 존재하였던 K55 (과소, 과대) 강종에서 나란히 경도 하락 현상이 관찰되었다. 이는 강종마다 고유의 Ceq, 합금 중 Mn 농도, 입열량 등에 의한 복합적인 이유 때문으로 판단된다. 탄소가 0.3~0.4 wt% 함유된 중탄소강인 S45C, K55의 경우 용접중앙부와 용접경계부의 페라이트 분율 차이가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 용접시 열에 의한 탈탄현상으로 인해 나타나는 현상으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4583-4589
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of multimodality treatment of advanced paediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) and the factors affecting prognosis. Methods: A total of 35 children underwent multimodality treatments consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, interventional therapy, and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The patients were followed up every month. Results: Serum AFP levels in 33 out of 35 patients in this study were significantly increased (P = 0.0002). According to the statistical scatter plot, the values of serum AFP on the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentages were 1,210, 1,210 and 28,318 ng/dl, respectively. Of the 35 cases, 21 were stage IV. 18 cases were treated with systemic chemotherapy before surgery, and 3 cases with locally interventional chemotherapy before surgery. Statistical analysis showed that the preferred interventional treatment affected prognosis, and that there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.024). Some 33 patients completed the follow-up, of which 17 were in complete remission (CR), 5 were in partial remission (PR), 1 became disease progressive (DP), and 10 died. The remission and overall survival rates were 66.7% (22/33) and 69.7% (23/33), respectively. Patients with the mixed HB phenotypes had worse prognoses than the epithelial phenotype (P < 0.001), and patients in stage IV had a lower survival rate than those in stage III (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Multimodality treatment can effectively improve remission rate and prolong the survival of children with advanced HB. In addition, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker of liver malignant tumors, HB pathological classification, and staging are highly useful in predicting prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.62-77
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze color characteristics centered by women's suit styles that represent masculinity remarkably. Through this, it figures out color's type and continuance availability as a representing tool to express masculinity to provide useful color information which can be applied effectively to various color planning. For this research, related images were collected among women's pants suits appeared in $2004{\sim}2006's$ Paris, London, New York and Milan collection F/W that are most similar to modern man's suit. Among them, the study analyzes 319 pictures where the features of masculinity were represented effectively. The referred color values were earned by converting $L^*a^*b^*$ values measured through the color extracting tool of Computer program (Adobe Photoshop CS) and color tone characteristic were analyzed by classifying 12 color PCCS and 5 achromatic colors. The result of the study are as follows: First, based on standard of color hue and tone, in terms of color hue, PB, YR, Y were frequently shown up but G, BG series were not found much after analyzing overall women's pants suit color characteristics shown in $2004{\sim}2006$ Paris, London, New York and Milan collection. Second, the color analysis about 3years of $2004{\sim}2006$ tells that achromatic colors have been most widely used in every year. In terms of color hue, PB, YR, Y series were appeared most popular and G, BG classes weren't appeared frequently. In addition, once looking at yearly color tone distribution trend, like overall color tone distribution result, Bk, w, dkg, g, p were highly used as sequential and b, v, dp, sf, ItGy series show low distribution level. And such a distribution level of low and high in frequency has been showed continuously as a similar style. Accordingly, through the study, as a tool to express masculinity in women's suit, achromatic colors like black and white series and PB, YR, Y series color were investigated as most popular uses. And as color tones, Bk, w, dkg, g, p were used frequently.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.610-619
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• 2016

Digital manufacturing (DM) technology helps engineers design products promptly and reliably at low production cost by simulating a manufacturing process and the material behavior of a product in use, based on three-dimensional digital modeling. The computing infrastructure for digital manufacturing, however, is usually expensive and, at present, the number of professional design engineers who can take advantage of this technology to a product design accurately is insufficient, particularly in small and medium manufacturing companies. Considering this, the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) and H University is operating a DM track in the form of Industry-University-Research Institute collaboration to train high-performance-computing-based DM professionals. In this paper, a series of courses to train students to work directly into DM practice in industry after graduation is reported. The operating cases of the DM track for two years since 2013 are presented by focusing on the progress in establishment, lecture and practice contents, evaluation of students, and course quality improvement. Overall, the track management, curriculum management, learning achievement of students have been successful. By expediting more active participation of the students in the track and providing more internship and job offers in the participating companies in addition to collaborative capstone design projects, the track can be expanded by fostering a nationwide training network.