• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구는 치과용 모형 스캐너를 이용하여 단일 전장관과 3본 고정성의치 모형을 스캔하는 과정에서 지대치의 중첩 과정이 최종 가상 모형에 미치는 영향을 알아보려 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 평가를 위해 단일 전장관과 3본 고정성의치를 위한 석고 모형을 제작하였다. 그리고 Pindex system을 이용하여 핀 작업된 모형을 제작하였다. 기준 스캔 데이터(CAD Reference Model)와 실험 스캔 데이터(CAD Test Model)를 획득하기 위해서 치과용 모형 스캐너(E1, 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark)를 이용했다. 기준 스캔 데이터는 지대치를 분할한 후 탈착하지 않고 스캔하였다. 그리고 실험 스캔 데이터는 분할된 지대치를 분리하여 스캔 후, 기준 스캔 데이터에 중첩되었다(n = 20). 마지막으로 3차원 검사 소프트웨어(release 2018.0.0; Geomagic control X; 3D Systems)를 이용하여 root mean square (RMS)를 분석하였고, 통계 분석은 Mann-Whitney U test를 사용하였다 (${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 단일 전장관 지대치의 RMS 평균은 $10.93{\mu}m$, 3본 고정성의치 지대치의 RMS 평균은 $6.9{\mu}m$가 나왔다. 두 그룹의 RMS 평균값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여줬다 (P < .001). 또한 두 그룹의 양(positive)과 음(negative)의 오류는 단일 전장관 지대치는 $9.83{\mu}m$, $-6.79{\mu}m$, 3본 고정성의치 지대치는 $6.22{\mu}m$, $-3.3{\mu}m$의 평균값이 나왔다. 두 그룹의 양과 음의 오류 평균값은 통계적으로 모두 3본 고정성의치 지대치가 단일 전장관 지대치보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 값을 보여주었다 (P < .001). 결론: 핀 작업된 모형의 스캔 과정에서 지대치의 개수가 증가하여도 지대치의 중첩에 의한 오류는 증가하지 않았다. 또한 단일 전장관 지대치에서 유의하게 높은 오류를 보였지만 임상적으로 허용 가능한 스캔 정확도의 범위에 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability of measurements performed on three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of maxillary defects obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D optical scanning. Materials and Methods: Mechanical cavities simulating maxillary defects were prepared on the hard palate of nine cadavers. Images were obtained using a CBCT unit at three different fields-of-views (FOVs) and voxel sizes: 1) $60{\times}60mm$ FOV, $0.125mm^3$ ($FOV_{60}$); 2) $80{\times}80mm$ FOV, $0.160mm^3$ ($FOV_{80}$); and 3) $100{\times}100mm$ FOV, $0.250mm^3$ ($FOV_{100}$). Superimposition of the images was performed using software called VRMesh Design. Automated volume measurements were conducted, and differences between surfaces were demonstrated. Silicon impressions obtained from the defects were also scanned with a 3D optical scanner. Virtual models obtained using VRMesh Design were compared with impressions obtained by scanning silicon models. Gold standard volumes of the impression models were then compared with CBCT and 3D scanner measurements. Further, the general linear model was used, and the significance was set to p=0.05. Results: A comparison of the results obtained by the observers and methods revealed the p values to be smaller than 0.05, suggesting that the measurement variations were caused by both methods and observers along with the different cadaver specimens used. Further, the 3D scanner measurements were closer to the gold standard measurements when compared to the CBCT measurements. Conclusion: In the assessment of artificially created maxillary defects, the 3D scanner measurements were more accurate than the CBCT measurements.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to introduce a new virtual orthodontic treatment (VOT) system, which can be used to construct three-dimensional (3D) virtual models, establish a 3D virtual setup, enable the placement of the virtual brackets at the predetermined position, and fabricate the transfer jig with a customized bracket base for indirect bonding (IDB) using the stereolithographic technique. A 26-year-old woman presented with anterior openbite, crowding in the upper and lower arches, and narrow and tapered upper arch, despite having an acceptable profile and balanced facial proportion. The treatment plan was rapid palatal expansion (RPE) without extraction. After 10 days of RPE, sufficient space was obtained for decrowding. After a 10-week retention period, accurate pretreatment plaster models were obtained using silicone rubber impression. IDB was performed according to the protocol of the VOT system. Crowding of the upper and lower arches was effectively resolved, and anterior openbite was corrected to normal overbite. Superimposition of the 3D virtual setup models (3D-VSM) and post-treatment 3D virtual models showed that the latter deviated only slightly from the former. Thus, the use of the VOT system helped obtain an acceptable outcome in this case of mild crowding treated without extraction. More cases should be treated using this system, and the pre- and post-treatment virtual models should be compared to obtain feedback regarding the procedure; this will support doctors and dental laboratory technicians during the learning curve.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

The characteristics of amplitudes and power spectra of X axial, Y axial, and RZ axial (i.e., body axis) wind forces on a 492 m high-rise building with a section varying along height in typical wind directions are studied via a rigid model wind tunnel test of pressure measurement. Then the corresponding mathematical expressions of power spectra of X axial (across-wind), Y axial (along-wind) and torsional wind forces in $315^{\circ}$ wind directions are proposed. The investigation shows that the mathematical expressions of wind force spectra of the main structure in across-wind and torsional directions can be constructed by the superimposition of an modified wind spectrum function and a peak function caused by turbulent flow and vortex shedding, respectively. While that in along-wind direction can only be constructed by the former and is similar to wind spectrum. Moreover, the fitted parameters of the wind load spectra of each measurement level of altitude are summarized, and the unified parametric results are obtained. The comparisons of the first three order generalized force spectra show that the proposed mathematical expressions accord with the experimental results well.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the discrepancy of scan process in dental intra oral scanner by comparing model scanner and anticipate possibility to introduce intra oral scan technique. Methods: 3D superimposition test was conducted to compare the scan discrepancy. The scanners used in this study are the e-oral scanner, the D750 model scanner, and the high precision CMM(3D Coordinate Measuring Machine). The standard of accuracy verification is ISO 5725-1; trueness and precision. Master model was manufactured by dental stone and scanned 5 times by intra oral, model scanner. Reference data was scanned 5 times by high accuracy CMM to evaluate the trueness. Results: Trueness of D750 scanner were $7.4{\mu}m$ $5.1{\mu}m$ $6.8{\mu}m$ at an abutment, an occluasal, a specific area. and trueness of e-scanner were $20.2{\mu}m$ $27.4{\mu}m$ $37.8{\mu}m$ at an abutment, an occluasal, a specific area. Precision of D750 scanner was $7.04{\mu}m$, e-scanner was $15.95{\mu}m$. Conclusion: When conducting in vitro test, The mean difference of trueness between e-scanner and D750 were $12.8{\mu}m$ at an abutment area, $22.3{\mu}m$ at an occlusal area, $31.0{\mu}m$ at a specific area and $8.91{\mu}m$ in precision. The scan discrepancies are within the range of clinical acceptance.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of three-dimensional (3D) images acquired using iTero$^{(R)}$(Align Technology Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) and Trios$^{(R)}$(3Shape Dental Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark) digital intraoral scanners, and to evaluate the effects of the severity of tooth irregularities and scanning sequence on precision. Methods: Dental arch models were fabricated with differing degrees of tooth irregularity and divided into 2 groups based on scanning sequence. To assess their precision, images were superimposed and an optimized superimposition algorithm was employed to measure any 3D deviation. The t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA were performed (p < 0.05) for statistical analysis. Results: The iTero$^{(R)}$ and Trios$^{(R)}$ systems showed no statistically significant difference in precision among models with differing degrees of tooth irregularity. However, there were statistically significant differences in the precision of the 2 scanners when the starting points of scanning were different. The iTero$^{(R)}$ scanner (mean deviation, $29.84{\pm}12.08{\mu}m$) proved to be less precise than the Trios$^{(R)}$ scanner ($22.17{\pm}4.47{\mu}m$). Conclusions: The precision of 3D images differed according to the degree of tooth irregularity, scanning sequence, and scanner type. However, from a clinical standpoint, both scanners were highly accurate regardless of the degree of tooth irregularity.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of teeth in the anterior dental arch that would yield accurate results for individual identification in forensic contexts. Materials and Methods: The study involved the analysis of 28 sets of 3-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, focused on the labial surface of the anterior teeth. These datasets were superimposed within each group in both genuine and imposter pairs. Group A incorporated data from the right to the left central incisor, group B from the right to the left lateral incisor, and group C from the right to the left canine. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including the evaluation of root mean square error (RMSE) values and the distances resulting from the superimposition of dental arch segments. All analyses were conducted using CloudCompare version 2.12.4 (Telecom ParisTech and R&D, Kyiv, Ukraine). Results: The distances between genuine pairs in groups A, B, and C displayed an average range of 0.153 to 0.184mm. In contrast, distances for imposter pairs ranged from 0.338 to 0.522 mm. RMSE values for genuine pairs showed an average range of 0.166 to 0.177, whereas those for imposter pairs ranged from 0.424 to 0.638. A statistically significant difference was observed between the distances of genuine and imposter pairs(P<0.05). Conclusion: The exceptional performance observed for the labial surfaces of anterior teeth underscores their potential as a dependable criterion for accurate 3D dental identification. This was achieved by assessing a minimum of 4 teeth.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate 2D and 3D of occulsal, mesial-occlusal and mesial-occlusal-distal cavity of composite resin inlay. Methods: Abutment tooth 16, 36 of FDI system was selected for the study. Inlay prostheses classified as occlusal cavity (OC group), mesial-occlusal (MOC) and mesial-occlusal-distal cavity (MODC) were prepared using composite resin. Composite resin was injected with composite resin in prepared tooth cavity and then photopolymerized with UV light. Additional thermal polymerization was performed. Marginal gap of composite resin inlays were measured by digital microscope(x160) with silicone replica technique. The data was analyzed from statistical software for Kruskal-Wallis test (${\alpha}=0.05$). 3-dimensional analysis was analyzed through superimposition method. Results: The smallest 2D marginal fit measure of the three groups was $47.0{\pm}21.6{\mu}m$ in the MOC group. The largest 2D marginal was $69.1{\pm}33.8{\mu}m$ in the MODC group. In the trueness of the three groups, the most accurate figure was $14.4{\pm}2.3{\mu}m$ for the MODC group. In Precision, the most accurate figure was $14.5{\pm}4.3{\mu}m$ for the MODC group. Conclusion : In this study, 2D marginal fit of OC, MOC, and MODC cavities fabricated with composite resin was applicable to all clinical applications. In the 3D inner surface accuracy evaluation, the MODC group showed the accuracy results.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.71-90
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• 2021

가상 환자 데이터 세트는 단일 환자로부터 획득한 구강스캔 안면스캔 전신스캔 하악운동경로데이터 등 다양한 소스의 진단 데이터를 하나의 3차원 좌표계로 정렬한 데이터의 집합이다. 치과의사는 가상 환자 데이터 세트를 사용하여 효과적으로 치료 계획을 수립하고 다양한 치료 계획을 가상공간상에서 시뮬레이션 할 수 있으며, 가상 환자 데이터 세트에서 환자의 미소를 디자인 후 그 결과를 시뮬레이션하고 최적의 치료결과를 선택할 수 있다. 가상공간에서 선택된 치료 계획은 3D 프린팅, 밀링, 사출 성형과 같은 제조 기술을 사용하여 환자에게 동일하게 전달될 수 있다. 이러 치료 계획의 전달은 임시 수복물 제작 및 환자의 구강 내에서 목업 확인을 통해 최종 보철물 제작으로 연결할 수 있다. 이와 같이 진단 데이터, 중첩 및 가공의 정확도가 보장된다면 3차원 가상공간 상에서 시뮬레이션된 3D 디지털 스마일 디자인을 실제 환자에게 정확하게 전달할 수 있다. 가상환자데이터세트의 임상적용방법으로 동기능적교합측정 검사를 통해 교합조정치료를 치료계획에서 배제할수 있는 의사결정방법과, 턱관절질환을 가지고 있는 청소년기 특발성 척추측만증 환자의 턱관절 치료전후 전신스캔 비교분석방법, 그리고 전악수복증례인 상하악 총의치환자 진료시 가상환자데이터세트에 기반한 교합평면분석 및 디지털심미분석방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.173-182
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• 2005

A three dimensional (3D) model for the catalytic region of Type II Pseudomonas sp. USM 4-55 PHA synthase 1 (PhaC1$_{P.sp\;USM\;4-55}$) from residue 267 to residue 484 was developed. Sequence analysis demonstrated that PhaC1$_{P.sp\;USM\;4-55}$ lacked homology with all known structural databases. PSI-BLAST and HMM Superfamily analyses demonstrated that this enzyme belongs to the ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ hydrolase fold family. Threading approach revealed that the most suitable template to use was the Human gastric lipase (1HLG). The superimposition of the predicted PhaC1$_{P.sp\;USM\;4-55}$ model with the 1HLG template structure covering 86.2% of the backbone atoms showed an RMSD of 1.15 ${\AA}$ The catalytic residues comprising of Cys296, Asp451, His452 and His479 were found to be conserved and were located adjacent to each other. We proposed that the catalytic mechanism involved the formation of two tetrahedral intermediates.