• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.645-651
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• 2007

In general, contours in digital vector maps, which represent terrain characteristics and shape, are created by 3D digitizing the same height points using aerial photographs on the analytical or digital plotters with stereoscopic viewing. Hence, it requires lots of task, and subjective decision and experience of the operators. DTMs are generated indirectly by using contours since the national digital maps do not include digital terrain model (DTM) data. In this study, model key points which depict the important information about terrain characteristics were extracted from the contours. Further, determination of the efficient and flexible grid sizes were proposed to generate optimal DTM in terms of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. For this purpose, a progressive sampling technique was implemented, i.e., the smaller grid sizes are assigned for the mountainous areas where have large relief while the larger grid sizes are assigned for the relatively flat areas. In consequence, DTMs with multi-grid for difference areas could be generated instead of DTMs with a fixed grid size. The multi-grid DTMs reduce computations for data processing and provide fast display.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2005

지구는 현재 태양계에서 액체 상태의 물이 표면에 존재하는 유일한 천체이다. 하지만, 고체 또는 기체 상태의 물은 태양계의 다른 행성이나, 위성, 소행성, 혜성 등에도 풍부하게 존재하고 있다. 풍부한 액체 상태의 물은 지구 표면에서 일어나고 있는 기후의 변화, 해류의 이동, 퇴적 및 침식 작용, 화산활동과 같은 여러 지구과학적 현상에 밀접하게 관여하고 있을 뿐 아니라 생명의 탄생과 진화에도 매우 중요한 역할을 하였다. 현재 지구 표면에 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 있는 이유는 태양으로부터의 거리, 지구의 조성 및 크기 등과 관련된 지구 표면의 물리-화학적 조건이 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 있는 조건과 일치하고 있기 때문이다. 이와는 달리 지구보다 태양에 더 가깝게 위치하고 있고, 두터운 이산화탄소 대기를 갖고 있어 표면의 온도가 매우 높은 금성의 경우 H2O는 기체 상태로 존재하며, 지구보다 더 멀리 떨어져 있고 희박한 대기를 갖고 있는 화성의 경우에는 현재 H2O가 고체 즉 얼음의 형태로 존재한다. 태양계를 탄생시킨 태양계 성운에서는 압력이 너무 낮아 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 없으며, 고온에서는 기체 상태로 매우 낮은 저온에서는 얼음의 형태, 또는 함수 광물 내에 포함되어 존재할 수 있다. 지구와 같은 규모의 행성은 비교적 중력이 작아 태양계 성운의 기체를 거의 끌어들이지 못했다. 따라서 현재 지구에 존재하는 물은 대부분은 고체 상태로 지구에 집적되었을 것이다. 하지만 지구가 탄생한 위치에서 초기 태양계의 온도는 얼음이 형성되기에는 너무 높았기 때문에 좀 더 먼 곳에서(현재의 목성 위치보다 바깥쪽)에서 생성된 얼음 즉, 혜성이 태양계 안쪽으로 들어와 지구에 물을 공급했거나 함수광물을 포함하고 있는 소행성(예를 들어 CI chondrites와 같은 조성의)이 물을 가져왔을 것으로 생각되고 있다.서의 활성화는 어미 변환과 관련된 영역이라기보다는 산출시 관련되는 articulation, motor coordinate관련 영역으로 추정되고, 측두엽의 활성화는 형태소, 의미 관련 지식의 data base로 추정된다. 또한 우반구 전두엽 부분에서 관찰된 활성화는 억제관련 영역으로 짐작된다.러한 동물실험이 그 기초를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 행동성향 및 기억의 종류에 따른 약물효과의 차이는 기억과 관련된 질병인 알츠하이머 환자에 있어 개개인에게 맞는 적절한 특징적인 치료약물이 존재할 것이라는 가능성을 제공해줄 뿐만 아니라 학습과 기억력 증진 효과를 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다. 및 지역산업발전의 기획${\sim}$조정기구로서, 선진국의 지역발전기구(Regional Development Agency : RDA)인 지역전략산업기획단이 2002년도부터 산업자원부와 9개 시도에 의해 설립되어 지역네트워크의 활성화와 클러스터의 형성 촉진을 하게 되었고 2004년도에는 13개시도로 확대${\sim}$운영되고 있고, 지역특화사업(H/W)과 지역산업기술개발과제(S/W)와 함께 패케지 형태로 지원되며, 주요역할은 크게 지역산업의 정책기획 분야와 평가관리, 지역혁신역량 조사 및 DB구축 등으로 구분된다. 그중에서도 권역별, 지역별, 지역산업진흥사업 육성과 중장기 산업발전계획을 수립하기 위하여 지역혁신역량을 바탕으로 한 지역 Technology Road Map(TRM)작성사업은 전국공통의 1단계 사업으로 실시 ?榮쨉?, 2005년 3월 기준으로 9개 지역(강원, 대전, 충남, 충북, 경북, 울산, 전남, 전북, 제주) 26개 산업분야를 대상으로 23개가 완료된 상황이다. 이를 근거로 한 지역정책과 R&D 과제 및 필요 인프라의 도출이 체계적으로 구축되어 지역산업 발전을 위한

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

In order to promote efficient coastal management, it is important to continuously monitor the characteristics of the terrain, which are changed by various factors. In this study, time series UAV images were taken of Gyeokpo beach. And the standard deviation of ±11cm(X), ±10cm(Y), and ±15cm(Z) was obtained as a result of comparing with the VRS measurement performance for UAV position accuracy evaluation. Therefore, it was confirmed that the tolerance of the digital map work rule was satisfied. In addition, as a result of monitoring the erosion and sedimentation changes using the DSM(digital surface model) constructed through UAV images, an average of 0.01 m deposition occurred between June 2018 and December 2018, and in December 2018 and June 2019. It was analyzed that 0.03m of erosion occurred. Therefore, 0.02m of erosion occurred between June 2018 and June 2019. From the topographical change analysis results, the area of erosion and sediment height was analyzed, and the area of erosion and sedimentation was widely distributed in the ±0.5m section. If we continuously monitor the topographical changes in the coastal regions by using the 3D terrain modeling results using the time series UAV images presented in this study, we can support the coastal management tasks such as supplement or dredging of sand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 2009

The new laser scanning technology allows to attain 3D information faster with higher accuracy on surface ground, vegetation and buildings of the earth surface. This acquired information can be used in many areas after modifying them appropriately by users. The contour production for accurate landform is an advanced technology that can reveal the mountain area landscapes hidden by the trees in detail. However, if extremely precise LiDAR data is used in constructing the contour, massive-sized data intricates the contour diagram and could amplify the data size inefficiently. This study illustrates the algorithm producing contour that is filtered in stages for more efficient utilization using the LiDAR contour produced by the detailed landscape data. This filtering stages allow to preserve the original landscape shape and to keep the data size small. Point Filtering determines the produced contour diagram shape and could minimize data size. Thus, in this study we compared experimentally filtered contour with the current digital map(1:5,000).

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Flooding hazard caused by natural and artificial environmental changes is closely associated with change in river bed configuration. This study is aimed at explaining a river-bed change related to soil erosion in the Keum river basin using GIS and RS. The USLE was used to compute soil erosion rate on the basis of GIS. River-bed profiles stretching from Kongju to Ippo were measured to construct a 3D-geomorphological map. The river-bed change was also detected by remote sensing images using Landsat TM during the period of 1982 to 2000 for the Keum river. The result shows that USLE indicates a mean soil erosion rate of $1.8\;kg/m^2/year$, and a net increase of a river-bed change at a rate of $+5\;cm/m^2$/year in the Kangkyeong area. The change in river-bed is interpreted to have been caused by soil erosion in the downstream of the Keum river basin. In addition river-bed change mainly occurred on the downstream of the confluence where tributaries and the main channel meet. Other possible river-bed change is caused by a removal of fluvial sand aggregates, which might have resulted in a net decrease of exposed area of sediment distribution between 1991 and 1995, while a construction of underwater structures, including a bridge, a reclamation of sand bars for rice fields and dikes, resulted in an increase of the exposed area of river-bed due to sediment accumulation.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

It is very important to estimate the physical properties of survey area and delineate the geological basement in marine site survey for the design of offshore structures. For the purpose of providing high quality data by means of engineering site survey, it is necessary to apply several survey techniques and carry out the integrated interpretation to each other. In this study, we applied single channel seismic reflection method and OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable) type seismic refraction method at shallow marine. We used a dual boomer-single channel streamer as a source-receiver in seismic reflection survey and airgun source-the developed OBC type streamer in seismic refraction survey. We made 24 channels OBC type streamer which has 4m channel interval and each channel is composed of single hydrophone and preamplifier. We tested the field applicability of the proposed method and applied the typical seismic data processing methods to the obtained reflection data in order to enhance the data quality and image resolution. In order to estimate the geological velocity distribution from refraction data, seismic refraction tomography technique was applied. Therefore, we could successfully perform time-depth conversion using the velocity information as an integrated interpretation. The proposed method could provide reliable geologic information such as sediment layer thickness and 3D basement depth map.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.385-393
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• 2007

Much research is conducted on the biological activities of medicinal herbs, traditional plants, and agricultural products, cultivated in Korea. This study focused on optimization of hot-water extraction methods for such products, by analyzing and monitoring extraction characteristics using a response surface methodology. We found that the total phenolics contents, electron-donating abilities, and nitrite-scavenging abilities of extracts were significantly affected both by the solvent used for extraction, and by the nature of the particular herb or plant under study. The extraction efficiencies of valuable ingredients such as alliin, allicin, and total thiosulfinate, were greatly affected by extraction temperature, but not by extraction time or the solvent used. We elicited a regression formula for each variable. We first entered the optimal values of all extraction conditions giving active ingredients into the model. Next, we entered the optimal values of all extraction conditions favoring the retention of valuable antioxidant characteristics. Finally, we entered processing factors into the model. Overall, the optimal extraction was at $80^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hr with 8.5 ml of solvent/g of sample. The predicted values of each variable were similar to the actual values.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.577-584
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• 2021

Electrical energy is an essential component in present societies, which is an important basis for our technological society. In the design of new power infrastructure, it is important to consider the psychological aspects of how our culture considers and aspects its development as an integral component of the community environment. The construction of new high voltage overhead transmission lines has become a controversial issue for public policy of government due to social opposition. The members of community are concerned about how these power lines may have an impact on their lives, basically caused by their effects on health and safety. The landscape and visual impact is one of the most impact that can be easily perceived for local community. The computer 3D simulation of new landscape is illustrated by a real life use corresponding to the selection of the power line route with least observability for local community. This paper used ArcGIS(geographic information system tool) for planning, survey, basic route and detailed route, route for implementation of transmission line corridor. Also, the paper showed the map of natural environment, living environment, safety and altitude using database of power line corridor, and transmission siting model was developed by this study. The suggested landscape of computer simulation with lowest visibility on a power line zone can contribute to reducing oppositions of local community and accelerating the construction of new power lines.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

The article clarifies the conditions for information, digital and educational accessibility for higher education seekers with disabilities in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions. It is established that such conditions are regulated by international and Ukrainian legal documents (The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Sustainable Development Goals, Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine 2021-2031, Development Strategy areas of innovation for the period up to 2030, Development strategy of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030). As a part of information barrierlessness, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should provide access to information in various formats and using technologies, in particular Braille script, large-type printing, audio description (audio descriptive commenting), sign language interpretation, subtitling, a format suitable for reading by screen access programs, formats of simple speech, easy-to-read formats, means of alternative communication. The experience of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is described. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of sign language: in view of this, the initiative group implemented the project "Learning to hear and overcome social isolation together" with the financial support of the British Council in Ukraine. Within the framework of digital accessibility, the official website of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education has been adapted for the visually impaired in accordance with WCAG 2.0 World Standards. In 2021, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implemented the project "Cultural, Recreational and Tourist Cherkasy Region: Inclusive Social 3D Map" funded by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation; a site with available content for online travel in the region to provide barrier-free access to the historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy region was created. Educational accessibility is achieved by increasing the number of people with special educational needs, receiving education in inclusive groups; activities of the Center for Social and Educational Integration and Inclusive Rehabilitation Social Tourism "Bez barieriv" ("Without barriers"); implementation of a research topic for financing the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: "Social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism"; implementation of the project "Social inclusion of distance educational process"; development of information campaigns to popularize the ideas of accessibility, the need for its implementation, ongoing training programs and competitions, etc.