• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2015

Port Logistics Industry plays a crucial role in trade creating added value, and contributes greatly in economic growth of a nation. Multitude of studies have been conducted to develop this industry as a means of intensifying national competitiveness. In line with this trend, this study aims to examine the effect of the Port Logistics Industry on the regional economy focusing on Ulsan, and also compare the industry among five port cities by using Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) Rev. 9 and 2010 Economy Census. The results of this study demonstrate that the Port Logistics Industry has significant regional employment rate and economic importance, showing the high number of workers (11.7%) and sales (13.1%) in 2010. According to the comparison among five port cities between 2007 and 2011, the increase of annual average in the number of companies of Gwangyang (5.72%) and Ulsan (4.23%) is higher than the national average (1.74%), and Ulsan (23.82%) and Pyeongtaek (25.74%) show high increase of annual average in the number of workers.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2013

This paper mainly deals with the appropriation of ship voyage allocation, using a heuristic regression model, in order to reduce total costs incurred in port, yard and at sea under the specific port condition. Because of different behavior of costs incurred in port, yard and at sea, an effort to minimize these costs by adjusting the number of voyages for three ship classes(50,000, 100,000, and 150,000-ton) should be made. For instance, if the port managers attempt to reduce the sea transport cost by increasing the annual allocated number of ship voyages classed 150,000-ton for economies of scale, they have no choice but to suffer a significant increase in queueing cost due to port congestion. To put it differently, there are trade-off relationships among the costs incurred in port, yard, and at sea. We utilized a computer simulation result to perform a couple of regression analyses in order to figure out the appropriate range of allocated number of voyages of each ship class using a heuristic approach. The detailed analytical results will be shown at the main paper. We also suggested a net present value(NPV) model to make a proper investment decision for an additional berth of 200,000-ton class that alleviates port congestion and reduces transport cost incurred both in port and at sea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2009

This is a first and basic study for making Busan port more attractive. The study is intended to clear up the situation and problems of landscape of Busan port area from the viewpoint of landscape experts, citizen and visitors. To reach the goal an attitude comparative study has been conducted using a same questionnaire between landscape experts working in Busan city, Busan citizen and visitors to Busan port area. In questionnaire, firstly the situation of the whole landscape of Busan port area has been asked. The contents of questions on the situation of port landscape are satisfaction about port landscape, harmony between cityscape and portscape, images of portscape, effects of 25 portscape elements on portscape, problems of portscape, and ways of improving portscape. Secondly, each respondent has given answers freely on how to make Busan port area more attractive. As a result of this study there are several important differences of attitudes towards Busan portscape between experts, citizen and visitors. Especially there are some distinctive differences between attitudes of experts and citizen but the attitudes of citizen are similar to those of visitors. At the end of the study some proposals for making an improvement of Busan port landscape have been suggested on the basis of the results of this attitude comparative study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.289-299
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• 2006

This paper aims to provide strategies to attract container cargoes for the Incheon port by analysing O/D of the container cargoes with the year-2004 export and import data from. The Korean customs service. O/D analysis was carried out with establishing optimal zones, which are defined as City, Gun, Gu(Korean administrative districts) to which the export-import service can be provided from a certain port with minimized freight(or transport) cost and stevedoring fee. For the Incheon port, 35 administrative districts including Seoul and Incheon in Kyunggi-Do and Kangwon-Do are recognized as the optimal zones, and approximately 25.50% of around 2.02-million-TEU per year of the cargoes from the woes are exported and imported through the pan. The strategies to attract container cargoes was suggested by comparing the Incheon port to supposed-competitive pons. The Busan portn(64.89%), Guangyang port(4.46%) and Pyeongtaeck port(3.35%) are supposed as the competitive pons which have a large proportion of handling the cargoes from the optimal zones. When comparing the Incheon port to these ports, The Incheon pan requires a distinctive cost strategy, providing incentives to attract shipping companies and cargoes, improving efficiency related to loading-unloading at the port, and reinforcing Feeder-Network and advertisements about cost-saving to the shippers(the owners of goods) in the national capital region. Consequently, the mentioned requirements are suggested as the strategies to attract cargoes for the Incheon port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

This study investigates the export behavior of Busan, Gwangyang and Incheon Port. The monthly data cover the period from January 2000 to December 2015. We employ six export functions composed of various exchange rates and industrial production index. This paper finds that the nominal effective exchange rate is more appropriate for explaining the export behaviors of the three ports, regardless of the narrow and wide indices which comprise 26 and 61 economies for the nominal and real indices respectively. This paper tests whether exchange rate and industrial production are stationary or not, rejecting the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration at the 5 percent significance level. The error-correction model is estimated to find that both Gwangyang and Incheon ports are much slower than Busan port in adjusting the short-run disequilibrium and Gwangyang port is a little slower than Incheon port. The rolling regressions show that the influence of exchange rate as well as industrial production tends to decrease in all of three ports. The variance decomposition, however, shows that the export variables are very exogenous and the export of Busan Port is the least exogenous and that of Gwangyang Port the most. This result indicates that the economic variables such as exchange rate and economic activity affect the export of Busan Port more strongly than that of Gwangyang and Incheon Port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is an important part of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). As an economic and trade corridor for dozens of countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, and the port as an important link node, the efficiency of port operation directly affects the implementation of BRI's strategy. On the basis of combining BRI and related evaluation methods of port efficiency, this paper uses DEA-BCC model to select port production berth number and production berth length as input index container throughput and cargo throughput as output index to analyze the port efficiency of 14 ports in China. The results show that: (1) The overall efficiency level of the ports along the MSR is relatively low. Most of the ports have not reached the DEA efficiency and there are different degrees of problems in scale investment and technological improvement. However, this situation is accompanied by the implementation of China's maritime cooperation strategy and becoming better year by year. (2) The low operating efficiency of ports along China's MSR is mainly due to the lack of coordination between scale efficiency and technical efficiency, which is caused by insufficient scale investment in the port itself, weak economic linkage between the hinterland and the port, (3) Whether a port has a strong comprehensive strength does not entirely depend on the cargo throughput or scale but also includes the port's operating efficiency.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.47-60
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• 2023

A thorough inventory of ship emissions, particularly ship's emission of in-port area is necessary to identify significant sources of exhaust gases such as NOx, SOx, PM, and CO₂ and trends in emission levels over time, and reduce their serious effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the volume of emissions from ships in Mokpo port, which serves as a gateway to the southwest coast of Korea, using a bottom-up methodology and data from the automatic identification system (AIS) and the Korean Port Management Information System (Port-MIS). In this work, an analysis of ship movement utilizing AIS data and an actual set of data on ship specification were gathered. By examining ship movement using AIS data, We also proposed a new approach for identifying cruising/maneuvering mode. Finally, the results were classified by ship operating mode, by exhaust gas, by ship type, and by berth, which provides a thorough and in-depth analysis of the air pollution caused by ships in Mokpo port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.231-257
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• 2014

In general, furniture industry, with its high foreign dependency, has serious logistics issues that are commonly raised in such countries as Korea, China and Japan. This leads to my different possibilities & ways of rationalizing the logistics systems that utilize port hinterlands. Thus the purpose of the present paper is to create new logistics systems which will work effectively across the three countries. In this research study, we came up with 2 logistics models in which the port hinterland of Busan serves as the distribution center for furniture industry, and the models were suggested as the cooperative logistics business systems for the North-east asian region. In the proposed models, 'Busan furniture logistics center' has the dual functions of 'the cross-docking center from China to Japan' and 'the assembly & delivery center for furniture imported by Japan'. To have this logistics business center materialized, we propose that policy-level supports from the relevant port authorities be provided in the following three aspects: overseas investment promotion focused on the furniture industry of Japan, protection & enhancement of competitiveness for the port of Busan, and uilization plans for the new port hinterland of the city.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in prostate cancer patients who underwent adjuvant or salvage postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) Materials and Methods: A total of 168 patients with prostate cancer received PORT after RP, with a follow-up of ≥12 months. Biochemical failure after PORT was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.2 ng/mL after PORT or initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for increasing PSA levels regardless of the value. We analyzed the clinical outcomes including survivals, failure patterns, and prognostic factors affecting the outcomes. Results: In total, 120 patients (71.4%) received salvage PORT after PSA levels were >0.2 ng/mL or owing to clinical failure. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS), clinical failure-free survival (CFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival, and cause-specific survival rates were 78.3%, 94.3%, 95.0%, 95.8%, and 97.3%, respectively, during a follow-up range of 12-157 months (median: 64 months) after PORT. On multivariate analysis, PSA level of ≤1.0 ng/mL at the time of receiving PORT predicted favorable BCFFS, CFFS, and DMFS. LVI predicted worse CFFS (p = 0.004) and DMFS (p = 0.015). Concurrent and/or adjuvant ADT resulted in favorable prognosis for BCFFS (p < 0.001) and CFFS (p = 0.017). Conclusion: For patients with adverse pathologic findings, PORT should be initiated as early as possible after continence recovery after RP. Even after administering PORT, LVI was an unfavorable predictive factor, and further intensive adjuvant therapy should be considered for these patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2020

Since the construction of Pohang New Port, the problems of the low harbor tranquility caused by decreasing port operation rate has been continuously reported. In order to improve the harbor tranquility, a detached breakwater (DB) has been constructed outside the outer breakwater of Pohang New Port in 2018~2020. In this study, the effectiveness of the DB was proved by comparing the reduction rates of wave heights that were observed before and after the construction of the DB. First, the observed data were compared with the numerical model results available from a previous study, and the model data showed reasonable agreement with measured data at 3 out of 4 locations inside the port. The discrepancy in one of the locations was because the model could not accurately calculated the effect of wave interference in the inner corner of the port. The observation data showed excellent results that the number of waves that exceeded 0.3 m, the critical value to reach desired harbor tranquility, was significantly reduced after the construction of the DB. In addition, the reduction rate, the ratio of wave heights between outside and inside of the port, was decreased after the DB construction, which proved that properly designed coastal structures such as DB in this study could be effective in improving the port tranquility. The results of this study can be usefully applied for solving problems in similar cases.