• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2004

암의 성장과 신생혈관 억제인자로 알려진 thrombospondin-1의 생합성은 다양한 외부자극에 대해 전사단계에서 세포 특이적으로 조절된다. 이전의 연구에서 본 연구자들은 PMA가 정상 돼지 대동맥 내피세포(PAE)에서는 TSP-1의 발현을 감소시키는 반면 사람 간암 세포주인 Hep3B에서는 증가시키는 사실을 발견하였다. PMA 처치에 따른 정상 돼지 대동맥 내피세포에서의 TSP-1의 발현 감소현상은 tsp-1 유전자 조절부위의 염기서열 -767과 -723사이에 존재하는 염기서열이 억제 부위임을 밝혀 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 -767에서 -723 염기서열을 서로 부분 중복되도록 세 종류의 올리고 탐식자 (올리고 탐식자 a-1, -767∼-738; 올리고 탐식자 a-2, -759∼-730; 올리고 탐식자 a-3, -752∼723)를 제작하여 -767과 -723 부위의 특정 염기서열과 이에 결합하는 인자를 EMSA을 수행하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, PMA 처치에 따른 정상 돼지 대동맥 내피세포에서의 TSP-1 감소는 -752에서 -730 사이의 염기서열이 저해 조절인자와 결합함과 더불어 -767에서 -760과 -752에서 -730 사이의 염기서열들에 촉진 조절인자들이 결합하지 못함으로서 기인된다는 실험적 사실을 관찰하였고. 특히, PMA 처치는 정상 돼지 대동맥 내피세포에서 저해 조절인자의 -752에서 -730 부위에 대한 친화력을 향상시켰으며 이러한 친화력은 c-Jun 항체에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2023

Neuronal differentiation is highly coordinated through a cascade of gene expression, mediated via interactions between trans-acting transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements of their target genes. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation that determine neuronal cell-fate are not fully understood. Here, we show that the nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) subunit, NFYA-1, is necessary and sufficient to express the flp-3 neuropeptide gene in the IL1 neurons of C. elegans. flp-3 expression is decreased in dorsal and lateral, but not ventral IL1s of nfya-1 mutants. The expression of another terminally differentiated gene, eat-4 vesicular glutamate transporter, is abolished, whereas the unc-8 DEG/ENaC gene and pan-neuronal genes are expressed normally in IL1s of nfya-1 mutants. nfya-1 is expressed in and acts in IL1s to regulate flp-3 and eat-4 expression. Ectopic expression of NFYA-1 drives the expression of flp-3 gene in other cell-types. Promoter analysis of IL1-expressed genes results in the identification of several cis-regulatory motifs which are necessary for IL1 expression, including a putative CCAAT-box located in the flp-3 promoter that NFYA-1 directly interacts with. NFYA-1 and NFYA-2, together with NFYB-1 and NFYC-1, exhibit partly or fully redundant roles in the regulation of flp-3 or unc-8 expression, respectively. Taken together, our data indicate that the NF-Y complex regulates neuronal subtype-specification via regulating a set of terminal-differentiation genes.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

The earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis are governed by the activity of maternally inherited transcripts and proteins. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation of selected maternal mRNA has been reported to be a major control mechanism of delayed translation during preimplantation embryogenesis in mice. The presence of cis-elements required for cytoplasmic polyadenylation (e.g., CPE) can serve as a useful tag in the screening of maternal genes partaking in key functions in the transcriptionally dormant egg and early embryo. However, due to its relative simplicity, UA-rich sequences satisfying the canonical rule of known CPE consensus sequences are often found in the 3'-UTR of maternal transcripts that do not actually undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation. In this study, we developed a method to confirm the validity of candidate CPE sequences in a given gene by a multiplex comparison of 3'-UTR sequences between mammalian homologs. We found that genes undergoing cytoplasmic polyadenylation tend to create a conserved block around the CPE, while CPE-like sequences in the 3'-UTR of genes lacking cytoplasmic polyadenylation do not exhibit such conservation between species. Through this cross-species comparison, we also identified an alternative CPE in the 3'-UTR of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which is more likely to serve as a functional element. We suggest that verification of CPEs based on sequence conservation can provide a convenient tool for mass screening of factors governing the earliest processes of mammalian embryogenesis.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.149-152
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• 1998

Expression of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene(cab) is repressed in the dark and activited by light. However, the detail of its regulatory mechanism is not characterized so far. To identify the interactions of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involvedin this regulation, nuclear extracts from the light-grown and dark-adapted Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were anlayzed for mobility shift assay against 134bp fragments had two retarded bands and one retardation band, respectively, both in light-grown and dark-adapted bands in the dark-adapted tissues. A new retardation the cab 3 expression in the dark. Several light regulatory motifs are scattered in the 146 bp region of cab 3 promoter. One of the light-regulatory motifs could be the binding site for the negative regulatory factor.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.233-245
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• 2021

In eukaryotes, the genome is hierarchically packed inside the nucleus, which facilitates physical contact between cis-regulatory elements (CREs), such as enhancers and promoters. Accumulating evidence highlights the critical role of higher-order chromatin structure in precise regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression under diverse biological contexts including lineage commitment and cell activation by external stimulus. Genomics and imaging-based technologies, such as Hi-C and DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), have revealed the key principles of genome folding, while newly developed tools focus on improvement in resolution, throughput and modality at single-cell and population levels, and challenge the knowledge obtained through conventional approaches. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of principles of higher-order chromosome conformation and technologies to investigate 4D chromatin interactions.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.330-339
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• 1983

N개의 $\sigma$결합으로 분리되어 있는 분자내 두 비결합 궤도함수(nonbonding orbital)간의 상호작용을 PMO론적으로 고찰하기 위하여 질소, 산소 및 황화합물에 대하여 반경험적인 CNDO/2 및 ab initio(STO-3G 수준) 계산을 수행하였다. 각 사슬형 및 고리형 화합물에 대한 기저준위의 에너지, orbital 상호작용에 의한 에너지준위 분리 및 상호작용 에너지 변화에 대한 계산 결과는 섭동론적 에너지항으로 만족스럽게 설명될 수 있었다. 질소 및 산소화합물에서는 through-space 상호작용 에너지항으로서 계산결과가 만족스럽게 설명될 수 있었다. 이 경우 N이 홀수인 계에서는 n-준위가 n+준위보다 안정화되었고 N이 짝수인 계에서는 n+준위가 n-준위보다 안정화되었다. 이 때의 에너지 분리는 홀수계에서 더 큰 결과를 보였다. 그러나 cis-ethylene diamine과 o-phenylene diamine(Table 4의 구조 VI)에서는 through-space 상호작용의 기여가 무시될 수 없었고 그 결과 홀수계에서 에너지 준위의 순서가 뒤바뀌게 되었으며 에너지분리도 짝수계에서 더 큰 결과를 보였다. 끝으로 황화합물에서는 항상 through-space 상호작용의 기여가 무시될 수 없었다. 이 결과는 3주기 원소인 황의 크기가 2주기 원소인 질소 및 산소보다 크다는 사실과 일치하고 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2005

Spatial and temporal expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene and proteins has been recognized as inducible defense response in pepper plants. Gene expression and/or protein accumulation of PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase was predominantly found in pepper plants during the inoculations by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes. PR-1 and chitinase genes were also induced in pepper plants in response to environmental stresses, such as high salinity and drought. PR-1 and chitinase gene expressions by biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by their own promoter regions containing several stress-related cis-acting elements. Overexpression of pepper PR-1 or chitinase genes in heterogeneous transgenic plants showed enhanced disease resistance as well as environmental stress tolerances. In this review, we focused on the putative function of pepper PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase proteins and/or genes at the biochemical, molecular and cytological aspects.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

The Nramp1/Slc11a1 locus encodes a proton-coupled divalent cation transporter, expressed in late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages, that constitutes a component of the innate immune response to combat intracellular pathogens and it was shown to play an important role in regulating inherent immunity. The previously identified Z-DNA forming polymorphic repeat(GT)n in the promoter region of the human Nramp1 gene does act as a functional polymorphism influencing gene expression. Research has shown that INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and bacteria LPS increase the level of Nramp1 expression. However, the molecular mechanism for Nramp1 gene regulation is unclear. In this research, bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking region (-1748~+769) was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics. Then to find the core promoter and the cis-acting elements, deletion analysis of promoter was performed using a set of luciferase reporter gene constructs containing successive deletions of the bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking regions. Promoter activity analysis by the dual luciferase reporter assay system showed that the core promoter of Nramp1 was located at +58~-89 bp. Some positive regulatory elements are located at -89~-205 bp and -278~-1495 bp. And the repressor elements were in region -205~-278 bp, intron1 and -1495~-1748 bp. LPS-responsive regions were located at -1495~-1748 bp and -278~-205 bp. The present study provides an initial effort to explore the molecular mechanism of transcriptional activation of the bovine Nramp1 gene and should facilitate further studies to decode the complex regulatory process and for molecular breeding for disease resistance in bovines.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.7
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• 2022

Food security will be affected by climate change worldwide, particularly in the developing world, where the most important food products originate from plants. Plants are often exposed to environmental stresses that may affect their growth, development, yield, and food quality. Auxin is a hormone that plays a critical role in improving plants' tolerance of environmental conditions. Auxin controls the expression of many stress-responsive genes in plants by interacting with specific cis-regulatory elements called auxin-responsive elements (AuxREs). In this work, we performed an in silico prediction of AuxREs in promoters of five auxin-responsive genes in Zea mays. We applied a data fusion approach based on the combined use of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and fuzzy sets. Auxin has a direct impact on cell membrane proteins. The short-term auxin response may be represented by the regulation of transmembrane gene expression. The detection of an AuxRE in the promoter of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) in Z. mays and the 3-fold overexpression of this gene under auxin treatment for 30 min indicated the role of POP in maize auxin response. POP is regulated by auxin to perform stress adaptation. In addition, the detection of two AuxRE TGTCTC motifs in the upstream sequence of the bx1 gene suggests that bx1 can be regulated by auxin. Auxin may also be involved in the regulation of dehydration-responsive element-binding and some members of the protein kinase superfamily.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2020

The Drosophila transmembrane semaphorin Sema-1a mediates forward and reverse signaling that plays an essential role in motor and central nervous system (CNS) axon pathfinding during embryonic neural development. Previous immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Sema-1a is expressed on most commissural and longitudinal axons in the CNS and five motor nerve branches in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, Sema-1a-mediated axon guidance function contributes significantly to both intersegmental nerve b (ISNb) and segmental nerve a (SNa), and slightly to ISNd and SNc, but not to ISN motor axon pathfinding. Here, we uncover three cis-regulatory elements (CREs), R34A03, R32H10, and R33F06, that robustly drove reporter expression in a large subset of neurons in the CNS. In the transgenic lines R34A03 and R32H10 reporter expression was consistently observed on both ISNb and SNa nerve branches, whereas in the line R33F06 reporter expression was irregularly detected on ISNb or SNa nerve branches in small subsets of abdominal hemisegments. Through complementation test with a Sema-1a loss-of-function allele, we found that neuronal expression of Sema-1a driven by each of R34A03 and R32H10 restores robustly the CNS and PNS motor axon guidance defects observed in Sema-1a homozygous mutants. However, when wild-type Sema-1a is expressed by R33F06 in Sema-1a mutants, the Sema-1a PNS axon guidance phenotypes are partially rescued while the Sema-1a CNS axon guidance defects are completely rescued. These results suggest that in a redundant manner, the CREs, R34A03, R32H10, and R33F06 govern the Sema-1a expression required for the axon guidance function of Sema-1a during embryonic neural development.