• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and prognostic predictability of the $7^{th}$ UICC TNM classification compared to $6^{th}$ UICC TNM classification in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Between June 1992 and December 2006, 1,633 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastric surgery and who had been analyzed by the $6^{th}$ UICC method were analyzed using the new $7^{th}$ UICC system. Results: Significant differences in 5-year survival rates were observed for $7^{th}$ UICC N0, N1, N2, N3a, and N3b compared to $6^{th}$ UICC. There were no significant differences in 5-year survival rates between T2 and T3. Distinct survival differences were present between stage III (IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc) and stage IV in $7^{th}$ UICC. Significant differences in 5-year survival rates were not expected for Ia versus Ib, Ib versus IIa, and IIb versus IIIa. The survival rates for the same stages were not homogeneously differentiated by $7^{th}$ UICC except for stage IV. Conclusion: The $7^{th}$ UICC classification system is not better able to predict patient survival compared to 6th UICC in patients with gastric cancer, but is better for accurate prognosis of patients with stage IV gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

There have been increasing interests in the odor generation problems as concerns about the quality of life has been increased recently. Especially, approximately 67% of the odor complaints from environmental facilities are those from sewage treatment facilities and food waste treatment facilities. Moreover, sewage ocean dumping will be prohibited from 2012 by the international and domestic ocean laws, and thus, demand for alternative management plans is increasing. Therefore, it was first selected 5 sewage treatment facilities and 5 food waste treatment facilities where the amounts of waste are relatively immense in Busan, and collect their sludge samples. Then it was investigated the samples' physical and chemical characteristics through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, XRF analysis, and calorific value analysis. Finally, estimate the $H_2S$ emission rates were estimated in order to apply the results as the basic data for providing the fundamental solution for the oder complaints. As a result, the concentration of $H_2S$ in sewage sludge and in food waste treatment facility were 57.3 mg/kg and 19.7 mg/kg in average, respectively. Finally, the units of $H_2S$ in wastes stored in total 10 waste treatment facilities was estimated 16,017,910.0 mg/d.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

This research was carried out to keep a sharp look-out on changes of estimated unit power and material in landscape architectural construction in Korea from 1962 to 2007 and to suggest basic information for its desirable direction in the near future. The research results are as follows. At first, work classification of estimated unit power and material landscape architectural construction was included under the earth work and in 1974 it had the name which was called landscape architectural process with earth works, and in 1984 the estimated unit power and material of landscape architectural construction was separated from the earth work but it was still under name of estimated unit manpower and material of the engineering construction. In 1972 the estimated unit power and material began with a 'planting' and a 'pruning' and still consists of 7 work classification total: 'sodding and herbaceous sowing', 'digging out', 'planting', 'digging round the root', 'keeping and management', 'rubble masonry' and 'planting for protection of rocks split section'. The processes consist of 29 sub-processes in total. The lawn construction was mainly established in the 1960s, the planting construction in the 1970s, the keeping and management in the 1980s, split section protection in the 1990s along with new technology with keeping management in the 2000s. On the basis of these research results, the process to be added in the near future could be related to new material and new technology and the process might be much more subdivided.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.383-393
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• 2015

This study analyzed the 6th grade elementary science textbook 'Science stories' reading process of students by utilizing eye movement tracking techniques. Participants read 3 articles in the new experimental science textbooks and solved 9 problems about each article. By understanding and academic achievement results, participants were divided into high-groups, middle-groups, and low-groups. The results of eye movement characteristics of the high-groups and low-groups had the following differences. Number of fixations and number of regressions were higher in high-groups. Average fixation duration and average regressive fixation duration were longer in low-groups. Fixation time for the key sentence of the article was longer in high-groups. Analysis of a scan path and post-interview, high-groups had frequent regression between sentences and they knew where the core of the article is and paid much attention there. In contrast low-groups are sequentially read most articles and some of them had a leap of abnormal range. Problem-solving approach is also different between groups. In conclusion reading style is associated with the science stories comprehension and students who had more regressions, much core search process, effective attention distribution, high concentration showed better understanding results. Also words or sentences used in textbooks are associated with science stories comprehension.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.443-458
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• 2011

There has been a lively discussion on improving Korean students' academic achievement and the imbalance in their recognition of the value of mathematics. In this context, there is a need for a program that enables the majority students who regards mathematics as a subject for the entrance examination to recognize the practicality and historicity of mathematics. Educational books on mathematics in everyday life or the history of mathematics are also expected to serve as an effective tool. In addition, Web 2.0 Map is another means of representing mathematics in everyday life and the history of mathematics in connection with the practical context. The active storytelling process in which mathematics in the practical context in mathematical educational books is represented in Web 2.0 Map is expected to help to understand in depth the practicality and historicity of mathematics. Nevertheless, mathematical educational books and Web 2.0 Map may lead to a considerable variety of outcomes and speeds if carrying out tasks depending on the student's competence and may have practical difficulties in being operated in class. These concerns, however, can be resolved through the creative activity programs adopted in conformance with the 2009 revised curriculum. Therefore, this study intends to develop a program for creating mathematical story maps through mathematical educational books and the Mashup of Web 2.0 Map in accordance with the process of developing activity programs. This study also intends to determine its effectiveness in enabling students to recognize the practical and historical values of mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.99-119
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the educational contents of home economics textbooks that solely focus on forming adolescent empowerment. For this, an in-depth content analysis was conducted on the home economics textbooks in Korea and the U.S. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the 23 content elements, which are designed to build adolescent empowerment, were ascertained: nine intrapersonal empowerment elements such as the self-identity, nine interpersonal empowerment elements such as the communication, and five social empowerment elements such as the leadership. Second, based on the content elements selected from above, the textbooks in Korea were observed to deal with 58% of the 23 content elements, while those in the U.S. discussed 90% of the 23 content elements. Korean textbooks primarily focused on helping students understand major concepts, whereas the U.S. textbooks focused primarily on helping students make connections between major concepts and their life. Lastly, both countries put the least amount of weight on social empowerment content elements(Korea: 37%, U.S.: 70%).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to explore the teaching materials in the Korean and Japanese high school Home Economics textbooks from the perspective of green life education. Although sustainable living at home has been emphasized as one of the main issues of Home Economics since the first curriculum period, green growth education has reinforced in the 2009 revised curriculum. The content analyses had been done to explore the teaching materials of five areas in the 6 Korean and 4 Japanese high school Home Economics textbooks through two checking steps. The material form of table-figure-pictures was the most frequently shown in both Korean and Japanese textbooks. Green life-teaching materials were more likely in the area of household management/consumer activity than in any other ones. All textbooks of both countries have included the green life-teaching materials according to the elements of contents mentioned in the curricula. The quantity and contents of the materials were some what differ by textbooks, so home economics teacher need to cross check the all textbooks to select useful information although the textbooks have included various types of green materials over the 5 areas. Home Economics curriculum need to actively and concretely include the green growth educational elements suggested by the previous study.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to explore the materials in the Korean and Japanese Home Economics textbooks in middle school with the perspective of green life education. Home Economics is one of the relevant subjects to green growth education. Therefore, home economics teachers need to teach green life based on the low $CO_2$-green growth in the class. Sustainable living at home has been emphasized as one of the main importance of Home Economics since the first curriculum period. However, it is required to reinforce in the 2009 revised curriculum. The content analyses had been done to explore the materials of five areas in the 8 Korean and 2 Japanese junior highschool Home Economics textbooks through two checking steps. Each subject area of Home Economics had various form of materials such as terminology, table figure pictures, reading, and activity, related to green life related to environmental, economic, and social sustenance. The forms and the quantity of materials were some what differ by subject areas as well as textbooks. The levels of material contents were ranged from the knowledge, recognition, to intention to practicum of green life. The green life materials were more likely practical in Japanese textbooks rather than Korean ones. It is recommended teachers to choose the valuable materials over the textbooks and practical green life should clearly mentioned in home economics curriculum to be showed in textbooks.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a home economics education curriculum by using the 'happiness education program' in order for students to improve a feeling of happiness and enhance positive relationships. This study focuses on the unit of 'understanding families' with middle school students. Based on the ADDIE model, 15 lesson plans were developed and implemented on four classes of middle schools in Chungbuk area from March 13 to July 7 in 2017. Findings show that feelings of happiness and interrelationship among others significantly improved and showed strong enhancement. Also, understandings the importance of close relationships and the value of family showed significant improvement. The teaching methods using happiness practice activities and group activities for the happiness education in the home economics classes were evaluated as effective by participants. This study has the significance and implications for further studies in a sense that it combines happiness education with home economics education curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.125-133
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• 2009

Wastewater sludge had normally filled up in land before revising the law of waste material management in 2003, which does not permit landfill of organic sludge in Korea. After the law, most sludge has been littered in the ocean up to now. However, due to the London Convention 96 Protocol, littering sludge in the ocean will also be prohibited after 2011. This Protocol makes countries find out new methods to treat wastewater sludge. There is no exception in Korea too. Many researchers have urgently try to find out better ways to treat sludge. One of ways is to make sludge recycle energy and the success of it depends on drying method. Specifically, it really depends how to make sludge dry ecologic friendly and economic efficiently. Therefore, wastewater sludge produced in Youngdong was analyzed to make it energy resources in this study. The sludge was tested to analyze the drying and chemical characteristics of it by irradiating microwave. In the result, it is sure that the sludge has little heavy metals as like as others in country side. High calories, 3370 Kcal, shows that it has good potential to be recycle energy. Moreover, weight deduction of the sludge vs. time shows long S-curve and has same deduction ratio. Specifically, S-curve can be divided by three sections based on the curvature points. There are steady state reduction ratio of weight and approximately 80% of weight duction in the second section. This results can be used to estimate the amount of sludge reduction in the full-scale microwave dryer. Drying capacity of microwave shows approximately 1.0 kg/kw/hr. It makes sure that sludge recycle energy has the potential of economic efficiency too.