• 자원환경지질
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

이 연구는 전기석이 본초 광물의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 중국 산동성 흑색 전기석 5종, 브라질 미나스 제라이스(Minas Geraris)광산의 흑색 및 핑크색 전기석 2종, 한국 대유광산 흑색 전기석 1종을 대상으로 전자탐침미세분석, X-선 회절분석, 유도결합플라스마 분광방출분석, 퓨리에변환 적외선분광분석, 원적외선 분석, 핵자기공명분석 및 물-전기석 반응에 따른 pH-DO 변화를 수행하였다. 또한, 전기석 찜질방의 온열효과와 전기석 분말을 첨가한 비누가 피부에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 연구에 사용된 전기석 시료들은 철과 알루미늄 및 붕소 함량이 높은 유형으로 분류되며, 칼슘, 나트륨, 칼륨, 철과 붕소 함량변화는 전기석의 고용체 특성을 반영한다. $CaO/(CaO+Na_2O)$와 MgO/(FeO+MgO) 함량비는 높은 정(+)의 상관관계를 갖는다. 전기석 분말과 증류수와의 반응에서 DO값은 반응시간의 경과에 따라 낮아지며, DO=10에서 안정된다. pH는 6시간까지 증가되고, 24시간 이후에는 대체적으로 pH=8에서 안정된 상태를 유지한다. 전기석은 단파장에서 흡수 스펙트럼의 강도와 투과율이 낮아지며, 흡수 스펙트럼의 파장과 강도는 구성 원소의 함량과 결정학적 특징에 따라 달라진다. 특히, 철의 함량증가는 방사량을 감소시키는 원인이 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 전기석의 철 함량과 원적외선 방사량의 상관관계는 높은 정(+)의 상관성을 가지며, 알루미늄과 마그네슘 함량은 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타낸다. 증류수와 전기석 분말의 반응은 $^{17}O-NMR$ 반치폭을 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 전기석에 의한 고온 찜질방(약 $100^{\circ}C$ 사우나)에서의 온열효과는 체온을 $0.5-1.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 높이며, 맥박은 평균 12회, 혈압은 10mg Hg 상승한다. 전기석 비누는 피부에 매우 좋은 효과를 나타내며, 알레르기와 아토피 등의 문제성 피부에서 보통이상의 개선 효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1527-1530
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• 2002

1,12-diazacyclodocosane-2,11-dione was first isolated from a plant Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Its structure has been determined by means of spectroscopy methods and X-ray crystallography. Two peptide groups in the big ring (lactam) are the main factors influencing intermolecular contacts. The hydrogen-bond interaction of these hydrophilic groups is observed in the crystal structure. Meanwhile, C-H···O hydrogen bonds in molecules contribute to the formation of the whole crystal. These two kinds of hydrogen-bond form six- member rings among molecules. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a= 9.588(1) $\AA$, b= $9.850(1)\AA$, c = $11.810(1)\AA$, $\alpha=$ 68.18(1)$^{\circ}C$ , $\beta=$ 84.98(1), $\gamma$ = 86.03(1)$^{\circ}C$ , V = $1030.66(17)\AA3$ , Z = 2. A disorder of five-member carbon chain in the whole ring is observed in the title compound. The bond angle 105.8(4) is determined for a extreme configuration C(14)-C(15)-C(16), and 117.7(10) for another extreme configuration C(14')-C(15')-C(16'). In this crystal, two molecules are tied each other by short intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the oxygen atom being tied by hydrogen bond to nitrogen atom of another two molecules. The NMR and IR spectral data coincides to the structure of the compound.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1633-1642
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• 2017

Objective: Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods: The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results: From $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

Effects of reaction time and temperature on the isomerization and dehydrobromination reactions of brominated butyl rubber were investigated. The structural composition of brominated butyl rubber was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy($^1H$-NMR), Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study on the isomerization and dehydrobromination mechanisms of model compounds. The geometries for model compounds of 3-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1-octylene (3BrOE), 1-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-2-octylene (1Br2OE) and 5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2', 4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1,3-octadiene (CD) had been optimized by using density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21G and B3LYP/6-31G levels. The predicted energy of 3BrOE lies higher than that of 1Br2OE which suggests that 1Br2OE configuration is more stable than the 3BrOE configuration. Compared with the energy barrier, the pathway of dehydrobromination is less competitive than that of isomerization. This is qualitatively consistent with the experimental results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.791-794
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• 2007

A new azocalix[4]arene, 5,14,17,23-tetra[(2-benzoic acid)(azo)phenyl] calix[4]arene (2), has been prepared by hydrolysis of its ester derivative and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Based on UV spectral changes, we found that 2 exhibits Pb2+ ion selectivity. In basic media, Pb2+ forms a 1:1 complex with the ligand. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 2.0 × 10?6 ? 2.4 × 10?5 mol L?1 of Pb2+. The molar absorptivity (ε ) of 2-Pb2+ complex is 1.89 × 104 L mol?1 cm?1 at 440 nm, and the detection limit is 1.6 × 10?6 mol L?1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.3001-3004
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• 2014

A series of hydroxyl-derivatized quaternized polymers were successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes (click chemistry), followed by quaternization reactions. ATRP was employed to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), followed by introduction of alkyne groups using pentynoic acid, leading to HEMA-Alkyne. 2-Azido-1-ethanol and 3-azido-1-propanol were combined with the HEMA-Alkyne backbone via click reaction, resulting in triazole-ring containing hydroxyl-derivatized polymers. Quaternization reactions with methyl iodide were conducted on the triazole ring of each polymer. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and the degree of quaternization (DQ) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular weight ($M_n$) of the resulting polymers ranged from $5.9{\times}10^4$ to $1.05{\times}10^5g/mol$ depending on the molecular architecture. The molecular weight distribution was low ($M_w/M_n$ = 1.26-1.38). The transmission spectra of the 0.1 wt % aqueous solutions of the resulting quaternized polymers at 650 nm were measured as a function of temperature. Results showed that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) could be finely controlled by the level of DQ.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2003

피리딘과 페놀을 포함하는 N2O계 세 자리 리간드 2-[(2-pyridine-2- ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(H-PEMP)를 합성하였다. 또한 H-PEMP 페놀의 5-위치에 치환기로 브롬, 염소 및 메톡시를 가지는 Br-PEMP, Cl-PEMP 및 $CH_3O-PEMP$를, 그리고 2-hydroxy-1-naphthalene기를 가진 Naph-PEMP을 합성하였다. 합성된 각 리간드들을 수용액에서 전위차 적정 결과 양성자 해리는 3 단계로 일어났으며, 계산된 각 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수(log${\beta}$) 값은 $CH_3O-PEMP$〉Naph-PEMP〉H-PEMP〉Br-PEMP〉Cl-PEMP의 순서로 Hammett식의 치환기 상수(${\sigma}_p$) 값 크기 순서와 일치하였다. 전이금속 이온들의 착물 안정도상수(logML 및 log$ML_2$) 값의 크기는 금속이온에 따라 Co(II)< Ni(II)< Cu(II)>Zn(II)의 순서이었고, 치환기에 따른 각 리간드의 착물 안정도상수 값은 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수 값의 크기순서와 일치하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.696-704
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• 2021

Levan is an industrially important, functional biopolymer with considerable applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields owing to its safety and biocompatibility. Here, levan-type exopolysaccharide produced by Pantoea agglomerans ZMR7 was purified by cold ethanol precipitation and characterized using TLC, FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The maximum production of levan (28.4 g/l) was achieved when sucrose and ammonium chloride were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at 35℃ and an initial pH of 8.0. Some biomedical applications of levan like antitumor, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities were investigated in vitro. The results revealed the ability of levan at different concentrations to decrease the viability of rhabdomyosarcoma and breast cancer cells compared with untreated cancer cells. Levan appeared also to have high antiparasitic activity against the promastigote of Leishmania tropica. Furthermore, levan had strong DPPH radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity. These findings suggest that levan produced by P. agglomerans ZMR7 can serve as a natural biopolymer candidate for the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1981

The ginsenosides of Korean ginseng decomposed profoundly to produce artifact products of prosapogenin $A_{1}$, $A_{2}$ and $A_{3}$ from ginsenoside Rg$_{1}$, prosapogenin $C_{1}$, $C_{2}$ and $C_{3}$ from ginsenoside Re, and prosapogenin E$_{1}$, E$_{2}$ and E$_{3}$ from ginsenoside Rb$_{1}$ by the acid treatment under physiological condition such as 37.deg.C incubation in 0.1 N HCI. 2. The chemical structures of the artifact substances were determined by the analysis CMR and mass spectra of TMS derivatives as following; table omitted.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2007

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG)-poly(${\beta}$-amino ester) (PAE) block copolymers were synthesized using a Michael-type step polymerization, and the construction of pH-sensitive polymeric micelles (PM) investigated. The ${\beta}$-amino ester block of the block copolymers functioned as a pH-sensitive moiety as well as a hydrophobic block in relation to the ionization of PAE, while PEG acted as a hydrophilic block, regardless of ionization. The synthesized polymers were characterized using $^1H-NMR$, with their molecular weights measured using gel permeation chromatography. The $pK_b$ values of the pH-sensitive polymers were measured using a titration method. The pH-sensitivity and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the block copolymers in PBS solution were estimated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The pH dependent micellization behaviors with various bisacrylate esters varied within a narrow pH range. The critical micelle concentration at pH 7.4 decreased from 0.032 to 0.004 mg/mL on increasing the number of methyl group in the bisacrylate from 4 to 10. Also, the particle size of the block copolymer micelles was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The DLS results revealed the micelles had an average size below 100 nm. These pH-sensitive polymeric micelles may be good carriers for the delivery of an anticancer drug.