• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

In this study, we have performed electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), X-ray differaction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), far-infrared (FIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and pH-DO Analyses for characterizing medicinal mineralogy aspect of the black tourmaline (Shantung, china), black and pink tourmaline (Minas Geraris, Brazil), black touemaline (Daeyu mine, Korea). In addition, heating effects of the tourmaline sauna as well as the effects of tourmaline powder-added soap on skin troubles have been investigated. It has been revealed that chemical composition of the tourmaline is either high in Fe-, Al-, B-rich types. Ratio of the K-Ca, Na-K, and Fe-B reflects the component change property of solid solution. $CaO/CaO+Na_2O$ and MgO/FeO+MgO ratio show high positive correlation. When tourmaline reacts with distilled water, extended reaction time DO values approximately decrease and it stabilizes at DO = 10. Otherwise, pH values increase until 6 hours and it stabilizes at pH = 8 after 24 hours. Distilled water changes to alkaline when it reacts with tourmaline powder and particles. Tourmaline showed lower absorption spectrum strength and transmittance at short wave, where absorption spectrum wavelength and strength were determined by the content of the composition elements and characteristics of crystallography. Increase of the Fe content has been confirmed to be the cause for the reduction of irradiation. For the chemical composition and spectral property of the tourmaline particle samples, it has been found that Si and Fe contents show positive correlation with Far-Infrared irradiation, while Al and Mg contents show negative correlation. For tourmaline powder, it has been confirmed that $^{17}O-NMR$ FWHM (full width at half maximum) decreases when reacts with distilled water. Tourmaline sauna (approximately $100^{\circ}C$) was found to increase $0.5-1.5^{\circ}C$ of body temperature, average of 12 heartbeat, and 10mg Hg of blood pressure. Tourmaline soap had very good aesthetic effect to skin and was confirmed to have above the average improvements to skin troubles (e.g., allergy or atopy).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1527-1530
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• 2002

1,12-diazacyclodocosane-2,11-dione was first isolated from a plant Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Its structure has been determined by means of spectroscopy methods and X-ray crystallography. Two peptide groups in the big ring (lactam) are the main factors influencing intermolecular contacts. The hydrogen-bond interaction of these hydrophilic groups is observed in the crystal structure. Meanwhile, C-H···O hydrogen bonds in molecules contribute to the formation of the whole crystal. These two kinds of hydrogen-bond form six- member rings among molecules. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a= 9.588(1) $\AA$, b= $9.850(1)\AA$, c = $11.810(1)\AA$, $\alpha=$ 68.18(1)$^{\circ}C$ , $\beta=$ 84.98(1), $\gamma$ = 86.03(1)$^{\circ}C$ , V = $1030.66(17)\AA3$ , Z = 2. A disorder of five-member carbon chain in the whole ring is observed in the title compound. The bond angle 105.8(4) is determined for a extreme configuration C(14)-C(15)-C(16), and 117.7(10) for another extreme configuration C(14')-C(15')-C(16'). In this crystal, two molecules are tied each other by short intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the oxygen atom being tied by hydrogen bond to nitrogen atom of another two molecules. The NMR and IR spectral data coincides to the structure of the compound.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1633-1642
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• 2017

Objective: Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods: The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results: From $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

Effects of reaction time and temperature on the isomerization and dehydrobromination reactions of brominated butyl rubber were investigated. The structural composition of brominated butyl rubber was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy($^1H$-NMR), Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study on the isomerization and dehydrobromination mechanisms of model compounds. The geometries for model compounds of 3-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1-octylene (3BrOE), 1-bromo-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2',4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-2-octylene (1Br2OE) and 5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-2(2',2', 4',4'-tetramethyl)pentyl-1,3-octadiene (CD) had been optimized by using density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21G and B3LYP/6-31G levels. The predicted energy of 3BrOE lies higher than that of 1Br2OE which suggests that 1Br2OE configuration is more stable than the 3BrOE configuration. Compared with the energy barrier, the pathway of dehydrobromination is less competitive than that of isomerization. This is qualitatively consistent with the experimental results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.791-794
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• 2007

A new azocalix[4]arene, 5,14,17,23-tetra[(2-benzoic acid)(azo)phenyl] calix[4]arene (2), has been prepared by hydrolysis of its ester derivative and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Based on UV spectral changes, we found that 2 exhibits Pb2+ ion selectivity. In basic media, Pb2+ forms a 1:1 complex with the ligand. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 2.0 × 10?6 ? 2.4 × 10?5 mol L?1 of Pb2+. The molar absorptivity (ε ) of 2-Pb2+ complex is 1.89 × 104 L mol?1 cm?1 at 440 nm, and the detection limit is 1.6 × 10?6 mol L?1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3001-3004
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• 2014

A series of hydroxyl-derivatized quaternized polymers were successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes (click chemistry), followed by quaternization reactions. ATRP was employed to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), followed by introduction of alkyne groups using pentynoic acid, leading to HEMA-Alkyne. 2-Azido-1-ethanol and 3-azido-1-propanol were combined with the HEMA-Alkyne backbone via click reaction, resulting in triazole-ring containing hydroxyl-derivatized polymers. Quaternization reactions with methyl iodide were conducted on the triazole ring of each polymer. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and the degree of quaternization (DQ) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular weight ($M_n$) of the resulting polymers ranged from $5.9{\times}10^4$ to $1.05{\times}10^5g/mol$ depending on the molecular architecture. The molecular weight distribution was low ($M_w/M_n$ = 1.26-1.38). The transmission spectra of the 0.1 wt % aqueous solutions of the resulting quaternized polymers at 650 nm were measured as a function of temperature. Results showed that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) could be finely controlled by the level of DQ.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.569-577
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• 2003

Ligands, Br-PEMP, Cl-PEMP and $CH_3O-PEMP$ having Br, Cl and $CH_3O$ substituents at 5-position of the $N_2O$ tridentate ligand, 2-[(2-pyridine-2-ethylamio)-methyl]-phenol (H-PEMP) containing pyridine and phenol were synthesized. Another ligand, Naph-PEMP having pyridine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthalene was also synthesized. The ligands were characterized using elemental analysis, UV-visible, IR, $^1H\;NMR\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy and mass analysis. The potentiometric titration study in aqueous solution revealed that the proton dissociation of the ligands occurred in three steps and the order of overall proton dissociation constants (log${\beta}$) was $CH_3O-PEMP$ > Naph-PEMP > H-PEMP > Cl-PEMP > Br-PEMP. The order of stability constants (logML and log$ML_2$) of their transition metal complexes was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II). The order in their stability constants values of each transition metal complex agreed well with that in overall proton dissociation constant value of the ligands.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.696-704
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• 2021

Levan is an industrially important, functional biopolymer with considerable applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields owing to its safety and biocompatibility. Here, levan-type exopolysaccharide produced by Pantoea agglomerans ZMR7 was purified by cold ethanol precipitation and characterized using TLC, FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The maximum production of levan (28.4 g/l) was achieved when sucrose and ammonium chloride were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at 35℃ and an initial pH of 8.0. Some biomedical applications of levan like antitumor, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities were investigated in vitro. The results revealed the ability of levan at different concentrations to decrease the viability of rhabdomyosarcoma and breast cancer cells compared with untreated cancer cells. Levan appeared also to have high antiparasitic activity against the promastigote of Leishmania tropica. Furthermore, levan had strong DPPH radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity. These findings suggest that levan produced by P. agglomerans ZMR7 can serve as a natural biopolymer candidate for the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1981

The ginsenosides of Korean ginseng decomposed profoundly to produce artifact products of prosapogenin $A_{1}$, $A_{2}$ and $A_{3}$ from ginsenoside Rg$_{1}$, prosapogenin $C_{1}$, $C_{2}$ and $C_{3}$ from ginsenoside Re, and prosapogenin E$_{1}$, E$_{2}$ and E$_{3}$ from ginsenoside Rb$_{1}$ by the acid treatment under physiological condition such as 37.deg.C incubation in 0.1 N HCI. 2. The chemical structures of the artifact substances were determined by the analysis CMR and mass spectra of TMS derivatives as following; table omitted.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2007

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG)-poly(${\beta}$-amino ester) (PAE) block copolymers were synthesized using a Michael-type step polymerization, and the construction of pH-sensitive polymeric micelles (PM) investigated. The ${\beta}$-amino ester block of the block copolymers functioned as a pH-sensitive moiety as well as a hydrophobic block in relation to the ionization of PAE, while PEG acted as a hydrophilic block, regardless of ionization. The synthesized polymers were characterized using $^1H-NMR$, with their molecular weights measured using gel permeation chromatography. The $pK_b$ values of the pH-sensitive polymers were measured using a titration method. The pH-sensitivity and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the block copolymers in PBS solution were estimated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The pH dependent micellization behaviors with various bisacrylate esters varied within a narrow pH range. The critical micelle concentration at pH 7.4 decreased from 0.032 to 0.004 mg/mL on increasing the number of methyl group in the bisacrylate from 4 to 10. Also, the particle size of the block copolymer micelles was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The DLS results revealed the micelles had an average size below 100 nm. These pH-sensitive polymeric micelles may be good carriers for the delivery of an anticancer drug.