• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.837-850
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• 2009

Previous epidemiological studies reported that significant muscle loss is observed with advancing aging, called sarcopenia. This study is to investigate the effects of treatment dumbbell exercise on prevention of sarcopenia. The subjects were elderly between 60~70 years old who participated in J-Welfare senior center exercise program at J-gu in S-city and divided into control group(N=19) and exercise group(N=8). Treatment dumbbell exercise was performed 2 times per week for 12 weeks and body composition, fitness, and blood lipid profiles were measured before and after this program. There was no significance in body fat before and after 12 weeks of treatment dumbbell exercise, but there was significance in weight(F=4.312, p=0.048), BMI(F=4.532, p=0.043), and FFM(F=4.743, p=0.039). There was no significance in fitness such as arm curl(F=1.103, p=0.304), and back scratch(F=0.214, p=0.648), but there was significance in 2-minute step(F=33.638, p<0.001), chair stand(F=14.575, p=0.001), chair sit and reach(F=7.198, p=0.013), and 8-ft up and go(F=14.890, p=0.001). The variables of blood lipid profiles such as TC(F=0.030, p=0.864), TG(F=0.142, p=0.710), HDL(F=2.066, p=0.163), glucose (F=0.125, p=0.727), and HbA1c(F=0.945, p=0.340) has no significance. It was found that treatment dumbbell exercise has positive effects on body composition and fitness but has no positive effects on blood lipid profiles of the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.430-436
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• 1990

Glasses of different compositions were synthesized by substituting each component of 56ZrF4-14BaF2-6LaF3-4AlF3-20NaF(ZBLAN) with HfH4, SrF2, GdF3, InF3 and LiF3, each of similar size and chemical property with the component being substituted, respectively. The heating rate used in the DSC runs was 10K/min. All ofthe glasses exhibit glass transition temperatures of 510$\pm$10K, while crystallization temperatures vary between 625 and 720K depending upon different glass compositions. For most glasses crystallization temperatures obtained while cooled are lower than those obtained while heated, but InF3 or SrF2 containing glasses showed opposite trend. HBLAN, ZHBLAN and ZHBLANLi glasses, which were made by substituting HfH4, LiF for ZrF4 and NaF of ZBLAN respectively, showed improvement in the glass stability.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 1997

The effect of $O_2$ partial pressure on microstructure and soft magnetic properties of as-deposited Fe-Hf-O thin film alloys, which are produced by rf magnetron sputtering method in $Ar+O_2$ mixed gas atmosphere, are investigated. Saturation magnetization ($4{\pi}M_s$) of Fe-Hf-O film were decreased with increasing $O_2$ partial pressure, the best soft magnetic properties exhibit at $O_2$ partial pressure of 10%. With further increase of $O_2$ partial pressure, soft magnetic properties decreased continuously. The $Fe_{82}Hf_{3.4}O_{14.6}$ film with $P_{O2}=10%$ exhibits good soft magnetic properties with $4{\pi}M_s=17.7kG$, $H_c=0.7Oe$ and ${\mu}_ {eff}$ (1~100 MHz)=2,500, respectively. The addition of O is effective in grain refinement. In case of $P_{O2}=15%$, it is observed that $Fe_3O_4$ compound is formed and high frequency soft magnetic properties are decrease. The electrical resistvity($\rho$) of Fe-Hf-O film is increased with increasing $O_2$ partial pressure. Electrical resistivity of $Fe_{82}Hf_{3.4}O_{14.6}$ film was 5 times higher than that of the film without oxygen. Thus, it is considered that the good magnetic properties of $Fe_{82}Hf_{3.4}O_{14.6}$ film results from decreasing the $\alpha$-Fe grain size by precipitates (Hf and O), high electrical resistivity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

It was hypothesized that NaF induces calcium sensitization in $Ca^{2+}$-controlled solution in permeabilized rat mesenteric arteries. Rat mesenteric arteries were permeabilized with $\beta$-escin and subjected to tension measurement. NaF potentiated the concentration-response curves to $Ca^{2+}$ (decreased $EC_{50}$ and increased $E_{max}$). Cumulative addition of NaF (4.0, 8.0 and 16 mM) also increased vascular tension in $Ca^{2+}$-controlled solution at pCa 7.0 or pCa 6.5, but not at pCa 8.0. NaF-induced vasocontraction and $GTP{\gamma}S$-induced vasocontraction were not additive. NaF-induced vasocontraction at pCa 7.0 was inhibited by pretreatment with Rho kinase inhibitors H1152 or Y27632 but not with a MLCK inhibitor ML-7 or a PKC inhibitor Ro31-8220. NaF induces calcium sensitization in a $Ca^{2+}$ dependent manner in $\beta$-escin-permeabilized rat mesenteric arteries. These results suggest that NaF is an activator of the Rho kinase signaling pathway during vascular contraction.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, $^{18}F$-FDG Fusion PET which has a high sensitivity for diagnosing cancer is being used for purpose of health examination. This study is to demonstrate that $^{18}F$-FDG fusion PET study is useful for diagnosing an early stage cancer. Materials and Methods: This research has been conducted with 2790 patients visited Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System (SNUHHS) for $^{18}F$-FDG fusion PET study for a health examination from February, 2004 to December 2008. PET/CT images were acquired from skull base to femur after 1 hour from injecting $^{18}F$-FDG 0.14 mCi/kg to the patients. GEMINI GS (Philips, Netherlands) was used for scanning. Results: From February 2004 to December 2008, $^{18}F$-FDG Fusion PET study was performed for 99,009 patients among all patients who visited SNUHHS and 2,790 patients was performed. Diagnostic rate for malignant cancer was 0.95% for the patients who were not examined by $^{18}F$-FDG Fusion PET study. 1.94% was for the patients who were. The rate of malignant tumor was showed 10% and benign tumor was 90% among 542 patients who showed abnormality in the PET/CT images. Types and rates of malignant tumor showed thyroid cancer: 31.5%, lung cancer: 14.8%, stomach cancer: 9.3%, rectum cancer: 3.7%, breast cancer: 3.7%, metastasis cancer: 16.7%. Nonspecific lymph node in the mediastinum, physiologic uptake in the colon, diffuse mild hypermetabolism in bilateral thyroid gland were shown as a benign tumor. Conclusion: The diagnostic rate of malignant tumor with $^{18}F$-FDG Fusion PET for a purpose of health examination was relatively higher than general medical examination. Consequently, it is superior and useful for applying $^{18}F$-FDG Fusion PET study for health examination.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy according to the stages of change of exercise on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model in order to investigate factors associated with the change of exercise in adult diabetic patients. Method: Data were collected from January to April 2005. The subjects were 160 patients in the G university hospital and public health center in J city. Results: The entire process of change showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=20.007, p=.000). For each process of change, the Consciousness Raising(F=14.602, p=.000), Dramatic Relief(F=7.751, p=.000), Environmental Re-evaluation(F=11.843, p=.000), Self Re-evaluation(F=16.035, p=.000), Social Liberation(F=10.968, p=.000), Counter-conditioning (F=24.090, p=.000), Helping Relationships(F= 7.625, p=.000), Reinforcement Management(F= 16.693, p=.000), Self Liberation(F=11.990, p= .000) and Stimulus Control(F=4.020, p=.002) demonstrated significant differences depending on the stages of change of exercise. For the decisional balance, the Pros showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=14.121, p=.000). For the self efficacy showed significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=17.137, p=.000). Conclusion: In order to proceed the stage of change of exercise in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, intensive use of a specific process of change, a stage of change matching is needed.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2023

Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) is an important taxonomic group, causing severe plant diseases. Many studies were carried out on FSAMSC plant diseases in Korea, but only 2 species (F. graminearum, F. sambucinum) from 14 host plants were registered in the List of Plant Disease in Korea. To clarify FSAMSC diversity and their pathogenecity, we examined FSAMSC isolates preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Fifty-seven strains were reidentifed as 7 species (F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. vorosii, F. meridionale, F. boothii, F. kyushuense, F. armeniacum) based on multi-locus sequence typing analysis. According to previous reports and result of this study, 5 species (F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. vorosii, F. armeniacum, F. sambucinum) were pathogenic on 24 host plants in FSAMSC, while the pathogenicity of 3 species (F. meridionale, F. boothii, F. kyushuense) were not clear.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.409-415
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• 2015

Low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) have been proposed to have important influences on the enormous reaction rate increases achieved by many enzymes. ${\Delta}^5$-3-ketosteroi isomerase (KSI) catalyzes the allylic isomerization of ${\Delta}^5$-3-ketosteroid to its conjugated ${\Delta}^4$-isomers at a rate that approache the diffusion limit. Tyr14, a catalytic residue of KSI, has been hypothesized to form an LBHB with the oxyanion of a dienolate steroid intermediate generated during the catalysis. The unusual chemical shift of a proton at 16.8 ppm in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum has been attributed to an LBHB between Tyr14 $O{\eta}$ and C3-O of equilenin an intermediate analogue, in the active site of D38N KSI. This shift in the spectrum was not observed in Y30F/Y55F/D38N and Y30F/Y55F/Y115F/D38N mutant KSIs when each mutant was complexed with equilenin, suggesting that Tyr14 could not form LBHB with the intermediate analogue in these mutant KSIs. The crystal structure of Y30F/Y55F/Y115F/D38N-equilenin complex revealed that the distance between Tyr14 $O{\eta}$ and C3-O of the bound steroi was within a direct hydrogen bond. The conversion of LBHB to an ordinary hydrogen bond in the mutant KSI reduced the binding affinity for the steroid inhibitors by a factor of 8.1-11. In addition, the absence of LBHB reduced the catalytic activity by only a factor of 1.7-2. These results suggest that the amount of stabilization energy of the reaction intermediate provided by LBHB is small compared with that provided by an ordinary hydrogen bond in KSI.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a reinforcement program for behavioral skills in postpartum care for couples with their first baby. Methods: The study used a non-equivalent control group and pretest-posttest design. It was conducted from January 14 to April 10, 2016 at a postpartum care center in D city. It analyzed 43 couples (22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group.) For data analysis, descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity in pretest, independent t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used. Results: For maternal fulfillment of postpartum care and postpartum fatigue, there was no significant difference in the interaction between group and time. In terms of parent-newborns attachment, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=13.63, p=.001) and fathers (F=6.51, p=.001). In marital intimacy, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=14.40, p<.001) and fathers (F=9.46, p=.004). In parenting stress, the interaction between group and time showed a significant difference for mothers (F=31.8, p<.001) and fathers (F=11.69, p=.001). A significant difference was found for the mothers' postpartum sleeping hours (F=0.14 p=.004). Conclusion: This program for behavioral skills in postpartum care, which is based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model, improves postpartum care, parent-newborn attachment, marital intimacy, parenting stress, and maternal postpartum sleeping, by reinforcing behavioral skills required for postpartum care.