• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2021

조선후기 국용목재에 사용된 수종을 파악하기 위하여 영건의궤 조선후기 11종의 영건에 명시된 수종을 분석하였다. 주요 용도로는 궁궐, 제실, 사묘, 성곽의 수리와 보수 공사에 사용된 것으로 파악되었다. 17세기~20세기 영건의궤에 명시된 수종 중 활엽수재로는 가래나무, 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 박달나무, 오동나무, 참나무류(갈참나무, 굴참나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무, 신갈나무, 졸참나무)가 확인되었으며, 침엽수재로는 소나무와 잣나무가 확인되었다. 문화재를 수리할 때에는 동일 수종을 원칙으로 하기 때문에 수종 조사는 중요한 부분이다. 각 수종에 대한 목재해부학적 이미지는 실제 사용된 목부재를 대신해서 국립산림과학원 목재표본실에 소장 되어있는 같은 수종 재감을 활용하였다. 조선후기 영건의궤 편역본을 통하여 목조문화재 건축물에 사용된 주요 수종을 알 수 있었으며, 수리·보수 시 사용될 목재 수종을 판정하는 데 필요한 목재해부학적 이미지를 마련하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.217-236
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• 2016

Polyporoid and corticioid fungi are among the most important wood-decay fungi. Not only do they contribute to nutrient cycling by decomposing wood debris, but they are also valuable sources for natural products. Polyporoid and corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi were investigated in Odaesan National Park. Fruit bodies were collected and identified based on morphological and molecular analyses using 28S and internal transcribed spacer regions of DNA sequences. As a result, a total of 149 species, 69 genera, 22 families, and 11 orders were recognized. Half (74 species) of the species were polypores, and the other half (75 species) were corticioid fungi. Most of the species belonged to Polyporales (92 species) followed by Hymenochaetales (33 species) and Russulales (11 species). At the genus level, a high number of species was observed from Steccherinum, Hyphodontia, Phanerochaete, Postia, and Trametes. Concerning distribution, almost all the species could be found below 1,000 m, and only 20% of the species were observed from above 1,000 m. Stereum subtomentosum, Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta, T. pubescens, Bjerkandera adusta, and Ganoderma applanatum had wide distribution areas. Deciduous wood was the preferred substrate for the collected species. Sixty-three species were new to this region, and 21 species were new to Korea, of which 17 species were described and illustrated.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the wood properties for development the proper uses of lesser-known tree species. The tested species are Tamiang(Hydnocarpus woodii) Bangelem (Strombosia zeylanica) and Kamasulan(Anisophyllea ferruginea) grown in Indonesia. fundamental wood properties such as anatomical, physical and chemical properties and characteristics related to wood processing were examined. The results are summarized as follows : These species are diffuse porous, interlocked grained and coarse textured wood. Exceptionally, texture of Tamiang is fine. The heartwoods of these species are not distinguished clearly to the sapwoods. These species have high specific gravity, high shrinkage, and excellent strength properties. However, Tamiang has moderate specific gravity. Sawing characteristics are poor for these species except Tamiang. Sawing characteristics is moderate for Tamiang. Drying characteristics are moderate for Tamiang and Bangelem, and Poor for Kamasulan. The surfacing characteristics by planer are moderate f3r all these species. Bending property and durability are poor. Ash content is low in Bangelem.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the wood properties for development the proper uses of lesser-known tree species. The tested species are Kebambang(Pentace sp.), Bawang-bawang(Dysoxylum alliaceum Bl .), Garu buaya( Gonystylus brunescens A. Shaw)grown in Indonesia. fundamental wood properties such as anatomical, physical, mechanical and chemical properties and characteristics related to wood processing were examined. The results are summarized as follows : The woods of these species are diffuse porous, coarse textured, and interlocked grained. The heartwood of Kebambang is distinguished clearly to the sapwood, but the heartwood of other species are not distinguished clearly to the softwood. The woods of Kebambang and Bawang-bawang have the moderate weight density and the low strength properties, but Garu buaya has the high weight density and the high strength properties. The woods of these species has high shrinkage. The sawing characteristics of Kebambang are excellent but the other species are moderate. The machining characteristics by planer and drying characteristics of these species are moderate. These woods has poor characteristics in bending processing and decay durability. The wood of Bawang-bawang has high content of the extractives and lignin.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2021

Raru is a lesser-known plant species originating from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Information on the characteristics is still limited, especially its chemical component. Therefore, this study aims to examine the chemical composition information of Cotylelobium lanceolatum, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, and Vatica pauciflora woods based on their axial log positions (bottom, middle, and top). The wood chemical analysis was performed in terms of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Furthermore, the analysis measured holocellulose, 𝛼-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, alcohol benzene extractive content, the extractive substance in hot and water, and solubility in NaOH 1%. The results indicated that the species and their log axial positions affected different chemical components, which included 𝛼-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of C. lanceolatum amounting to 41.88%, 19.39%, and 28.68% respectively. Meanwhile, for C. Melanoxylon, they were 42.01%, 21.11%, and 24.76% respectively; and for V. pauciflora wood, they were 42.95%, 23.24%, and 30.11% respectively. The average values of the extractive contents including the solubility in 1: 2 ethanol benzene, NaOH, and hot water for C. lanceolatum, C. melanoxylon, and V. pauciflora wood were (10.58%, 27.62%, 8.13%), (14.54%, 28.22%, 7.82%), and (10.95%, 28.60%, 7.57%) respectively. The wood species had a significant effect on chemical components including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and extractive solubility in cold water. Furthermore, the axial log position had a significant effect on all the parameters of the chemical composition of the wood being tested.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

The wood-rotting fungi of three Korean islands in the Yellow Sea, Soyeonpyung-do (SY), Oeyeon-do (OY), and Gageo-do (GG), were investigated from October 2004 to November 2005. During four sampling trips on each island, a total of 46, 44, and 44 specimens were collected from SY, OY, and GG, respectively. The identified wood-rotting fungi from SY included 29 species of 22 genera and nine families; OY had 31 species of 26 genera and 10 families; and GG had 34 species of 27 genera and 11 families. The majority of the fungi were in the Polyporaceae, which was represented by 23 genera and 30 species. Auricularia polytricha, Daedaleopsis tricolor, Daldinia concentrica, Hymenochaete cinnamomea, Hymenochaete yasudai, Hyphoderma setigerum, Lopharia mirabilis, Schizopora paradoxa, and Trametes versicolor were collected from all three islands.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2014

Pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a serious pathogenic worm that quickly dry pine trees to death. Recently, PWN has been devastating huge amounts of conifer trees in Korea. As a first step to explore the association and ecological roles of fungi in PWN life cycle in Korea, in this study we first isolated and indentified fungi from PWN-infested Korean pine and Japanese black pine wood sampled in Jinju, Sacheon, Pocheon, Chuncheon, Gwangju, and Hoengseong in Korea. A total of 144 fungal isolates were obtained from Japanese black pine wood and 264 fungal isolates from Korean pine wood. Their morphology and nucleotide sequences of the ITS rDNA and ♌-tubulin gene were examined for species identification. Ophiostoma ips, Botrytis anthophila, Penicillium sp., Hypocrea lixii, Trichoderma atroviride, O. galeiforme, Fusarium proliferatum were identified from Japanese black pine wood. Leptographium koreanum, L. pini-densiflorae, Ophiostoma ips, Penicillium raistrick, Trichoderma sp. were isolated from Korean pine wood. O. ips and L. koreanum were the major species on the two different PWN-infected pine tree. The cultivation of PWN on fungal mat of the identified species did some enhance PWN reproduction. The ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a serious pest of oak trees in Korea. In this study we investigated filamentous fungi present in the body of the beetle. Fourteen genera of filamentous fungi belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were isolated. All the obtained genera were isolated in the mitosporic state. The identified fungi were classified in 11 distinct orders including the Ascomycota (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Ophiostomatales, Pleosporales, and Sordiales) and Basidiomycota (Agaricales, Corticiales, Polyporales, and Russulales Xylariales). Within Ascomycota, 13 species were found. Meanwhile five species were found within Basidiomycota. The results showed the presence of diverse fungi in P. koryoensis. Among the isolated fungi, some were able to produce wood degrading enzymes. Further fungal isolation was performed with P. koryoensis infested Quercus mongolica trees sampled at Kumdan mountain in Hanam-Si, Gyeonggi province from June of 2009 to June of 2010. Penicillin spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the major species of mold fungi group. Pichia guilliermondii was the major species of mold yeast group. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was also isolated, but its isolation frequency was not high. Other species identified were Ambrosiella xylebori, Fusarium solani, Cryphonectria nitschke, Chaetomium globosum, and Gliocladium viride, Candida kashinagacola, C. maritima, C. vanderkliftii, Saccharomycopsis crataegensis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2004

경복궁의 정전 건물인 근정전에 쓰인 목재의 수종을 식별하기 위하여 기둥, 보, 도리, 창방, 박공 등 총 144점에 대하여 조사한 결과, 소나무와 전나무 두 수종이 식별되었다. 기둥은 1층의 경우 평주 20개 중 11개가 전나무, 9개가 소나무, 내진고주는 12개 중 7개가 전나무, 5개가 소나무, 그리고 귀고주는 3개가 전나무, 1개가 소나무로 식별되어 소나무보다 전나무가 차지하는 비율이 더 높았다. 2층 기둥 16개는 모두 소나무로 구성되어 있었다. 기둥 이외의 다른 부재는 총 92개 중 도리 2개만이 전나무였고, 나머지는 모두 소나무였다. 우리나라 궁궐의 목재가 소나무로 만들어졌다는 통설은 사실과 다르며 재료 수급에 따라 다른 수종도 사용되었음이 밝혀졌다. 조선말 소나무 장대재(長大材)가 고갈되어 강도가 떨어지는 전나무로 기둥을 많이 쓸 수밖에 없었던 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

1995년 충북대 선사문화연구소에 의해 평택시 안중면 현화리 토탄층에서 발굴된 수침고목재(약 2500년전) 63점을 연구대상으로 하였다. 수침고목재는 PEG 2000으로 포매한 후 로타리마이크로톰으로 박편을 제작하여 분석하였다. 대부분의 시료가 오랜 기간동안의 부후로 인하여 조직을 관찰할 수 없었기 때문에 비교적 상태가 양호한 27점만 수종을 식별할 수 있었다. 식별된 수종은 오리나무속(55.6%), 물푸레나무속(33.3%), 참나무속의 상수리나무아속(11.1%)으로 모두 활엽수종이었으며 침엽수종은 발견되지 않았다. 이들 수종의 구성으로 보아 연구지역이 마지막 빙하기이후 서해안 해수면 상승에 의해 형성된 습지나 효수 주변이었던 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권3호통권131호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

영광 불갑사의 대웅전에 쓰인 목재의 수종을 식별하기 위하여 기둥, 보, 평방, 창방, 도리, 사래, 추녀, 서까래 등 총 88점을 조사하였다. 수종은 경송류(소나무류), 전나무속, 참나무(상수리나무류), 느티나무 등 4수종이 식별되었다. 기둥과 사래는 느티나무의 비율이 높았으나, 다른 부재는 경송류가 대부분이었다. 기둥과 사래의 느티나무의 비율이 높은 것은 조선후기 이전에는 소나무보다 재질이 우수한 느티나무가 많이 사용되었기 때문이라고 생각된다.