• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.379-387
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal age and infant mortality in Korea(n=617,867). Data of Korean vital statistics linked National Infant Mortality Survey conducted on births in 1999 were used in this study. The odds ratios (ORs) of infant death by maternal age were estimated with the multiple logistic regression model, adjusting for gender, plurality, birth order, low birth weight, and congenital malformation. After adjusting for the relevant variables, the odds of infant death in the group of maternal age with less than 20 years(Odds ratio [OR], 5.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51-7.98), 20-24 years(OR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.23-1.69), 35-39 years(OR, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.11-1.46), and more than 40 years(OR, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.53-2.45) was higher than that of reference group(25-29 years). In conclusion, the higher infant mortality in the group of maternal age with less than 25 years and more than 35 years in Korea appears to be due to higher proportion of low birth weight and pre-term birth. Prenatal care intervention programs which tackle biological factors for advanced maternal age and address socio-economic problems and social stigma for early maternal age should be devised.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.113-134
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of maternal post-natal depression on children's communication competence, maternal self-efficacy and parenting style. The data on 1,438 pairs of children and their mothers were provided by The Korean Children Panel Study (KCPS). Mothers were assessed by K6(Kessler et al., 2002), The Pearlin Self Efficacy Scale(Pearlin et al., 1981), and The Parental Style Questionnaire(Bornstein, et al., 1996). Children's communication competence was assessed by K-ASQ. The collected data were analyzed with t-test and path analysis. The major results of this study were as follows : (1) Post-natal maternal depression was not directly associated with the children's communication competence. (2) Post-natal maternal depression indirectly influenced the children's communication competence via maternal self-efficacy and the parenting style. The results of this study suggest that post-natal depression within 1 year will not have an effect on the children's communication competence directly, but will indirectly influence it through maternal self-efficacy and the parenting style when the children are 2 years old.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.229-249
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the effects of infants' attachment to their mother and child care teacher on their adaptation to child care. Data were collected in a purposive sample involving 100 infants and toddlers at age one and two, their mothers, and 36 teachers were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the effects of infants' attachment to their mother and teacher varied by subfactors of adaptation. 'Social Relationships' and 'Positive Emotion' were significantly different only among infants who established insecure attachment with their mother. Second, the level of 'Social Relationships' and 'Positive Emotion' were significantly high when teacher-infant attachment was secure among infants who established insecure attachment with their mother. Third, there were significant effects of mother-infant attachment on 'Aggressive Behavior' as infants who established insecure attachment with their mother showed a significantly higher level of 'Aggressive Behavior' than infants having secure attachment with their mother.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2003

Purpose : Lower respiratory tract infections in infant and young children are often due to a virus, especially the Respiratory syncytial(RS) virus. Chest X-ray findings in bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia are different. The radiographic hallmark of bronchiolitis is pulmonary hyperinflation and similar to that of bronchial asthma. Bronchiolitis is predisposed to later development of bronchial asthma. To evaluate the difference of immuno-pathophysiology between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia, we measured $IFN-{\gamma}$(Th1 cytokine), IL-5(Th2 cytokine) and ECP. We also investigated whether X-ray findings in infants with viral infected respiratory disease are useful in predicting the development of asthma. Methods : We measured IL-5, ECP, $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels in serum from 21 infants with bronchiolitis and 21 infants with bronchopneumonia and 16 infants without pulmonary viral diseases. Results : IL-5 levels of bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia were significantly higher than those of the control(P=0.02, P=0.042). IL-5 levels of bronchiolitis were higher than those of bronchopneumonia but there was no significant difference. $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels of bronchopneumonia were higher than those of bronchiolitis but there was no significant difference. ECP levels of bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia were higher than those of the control but only those of bronchiolitis were significantly higher than those of the control(P=0.045). IL-5 and ECP levels did not show any significant correlation in bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and control groups. Conclusion : We cannot prove the distinct differences in serum Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia in infants. These results suggest that the different findings on chest X-ray between bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia could not be a predictor of later development of asthma.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2019

Objective: This study is a case study on mother's perceived the adaptation process and program of a one-year-old toddlers in daycare center. Methods: This study is a case study of four mothers who live in Seoul, South Korea and whose first child enters in daycare center at 18 or 20 months. The data collection method was applied to group interview and the individual in-depth interview method. Results: After the interview data was analyzed, first, they decided to enroll their child to a daycare center after two mothers were pregnant with the second child or the others received a phone call for admission. The first impression of the teachers had a great influence on the choice of admission when mother first visited the daycare center. mother, as well as toddlers who exhibited anxiety, experienced an adaptation process. Through communication between mother and teacher, mothers could feel the toddler's adaptation. Second, as for the difference of the adaptation program according to the daycare center type through the adaptation process of the one-year-old toddlers, there was a big difference in the program guide, the period, the content and the proceeding method. Conclusion/Implications: Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will be a basic data for the development of the adaptation program for one-year-old toddlers in daycare center at the national level.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.103-125
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of 1 or 2 years old infant to target infant care facilities and the sense of family activities conducted in conjunction with the infant's physical development and infant-parent interaction. The purpose of this study, research questions are as follows. First, child care center-family linked sensory activity is effective in the infant's physical development? Second, child care center-family linked sensory activity is effective in the infant-parent interaction? The subjects of this study are 56 infants of 1-2 year old and their mother or father 56 people in S and D infant care facilities in K city. S infant care center, experimental group, carry out child care center-family linked sensory activity. D infant care center is control group to apply an integrated program. The child care center-family linked sensory activity are conduct on 24 times, 3 times a week, totally 8 weeks. The results were as follows. First, child care center-family linked sensory activities are partially effective on the infant's physical development than the control group. Therefore, in order to promote the development of the infant's physical development, home and child care center will be done in conjunction with sensory activities are needed. Second, child care center-family linked sensory activities had positive effect on infant-parent interaction than the control group. Therefore, to improve infant-parent interaction, it is necessary to carry out child care center-family linked sensory activities. In conclusion, child care center-family linked sensory activities are correlated in positive effects on the physical development of infants and the infant-parent interaction.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore about 2-year-old infants' attachment security to a child care teacher and peer play process through a case study. For this purpose, the attachment security was assessed with attachment Q-set to 2-year-old five infants at a day care center in Seoul. Participants of this study are four infants included two infants attached securely to their child care teacher and two infants attached insecurely to their child care teacher. Methods: Participant observation was conducted from April 12 to July 19 in 2018 through 36 observations in free play activities. The Data collected from the transcriptions of video shoots and teachers' interviews, child care plans, and reflexive journal was analyzed and interpreted. Results: The main results of the research were as follows: The beginning of peer play, when infants invited their peers to play, secure attachment infants selected suitable play partners and asked for a specific play behaviors. However, insecure attachment infants invited unsuitable play partners and asked uncertainly play actions to peers. In addition, when infants entered in-progress play, secure attachment infants understood the context of play but insecure attachment infants did not understand the context of play. In the progress of peer play, secure attachment infants cooperated with peers, shared play objects, but insecure attachment infants did not cooperate complementally with peers and express only their opinions. As well, insecure attachment infants could not play harmoniously without child care teacher's interventions. In the end of the peer play, secure attachment infants finished in collaboration with peers but insecure attachment infants failed to finish with the peers and was turned into play with the child care teacher because of peer conflict. Conclusion/Implications: This study has implications for basic resources to think about the role of child care teachers by helping them understand about the relation 2-year-old infants' attachment security to them and peer play process.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct a rating scale of infant and toddler development for the use of teachers in their observations of children during daily activities. The scale consists of 201 items measuring motor, self-help, socio-communicative, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Quality, reliability and validity were examined with the use of a nation-wide sample of 1,245 children from classes of 1- and 2-year-olds. Tests on validity and reliability were high in terms of content validity evaluated by early childhood professionals, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale, internal consistency among raters, and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that the developmental areas of infants and toddlers are not clearly differentiated but are interrelated with each other. The scale was standardized by providing nation-wide norms with raw scores, percentiles, and standardized scores.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-102
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to analyze the longitudinal mediation effects of maternal parenting stress and psychosocial development of infant on the influence of paternal involvement during infancy to children's peer interactions. For these objectives, latent growth modeling was used and adapted to the data taken from the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC), Wave I (0-year olds) to Wave III (2-year olds) and Wave V(4-year olds) to Wave VII(6-year olds). During a total of six years, 1,018 parent responded. The major results of this study were as follows. First, maternal parenting stress(initial status) had a significant mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status) to children's play interaction(initial status). Second, maternal parenting stress(initial status/change rate) had a longitudinal mediating eff ect on the influence of paternal involvements(initial status/change rate) to children's play disruption-disconnection interactions(initial status/change rate). Third, psychosocial development of infants(initial status/change rate) had a longitudinal mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status/change rate) to children's play interactions(initial status/change rate). Fourth, psychosocial development of infant(initial status) had a significant mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status) to children's play disruption-disconnection interactions(initial status). The implications of the findings of the current study and suggestions for future research were also discussed.

• 한국생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.198-199
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• 2010