• 제목/요약/키워드: 1/n

검색결과 53,292건 처리시간 0.163초

CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION BY THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UPPER RECORD VALUES

  • Chang, Se-Kyung;Lee, Min-Young
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.163-167
    • /
    • 2008
  • This paper presents characterizations of the Weibull distribution by the independence of record values. We prove that $X\;{\in}\;W\;EI ({\alpha})$, if and only if $\frac {X_{U(n+l)}} {X_{U(n+1)}\;+\;X_{U(n)}}$ and $X_{U(n+1)}$ for $n{\geq}1$ are independent or $\frac {X_{U(n)}} {X_{U(n+1)}\;+\;X_{U(n)}}$ and $X_{U(n+1)}$ for $n{\geq}1$ are independent. And also we establish that $X\;{\in}\;W\;EI({\alpha})$, if and only if $\frac {X_{U(n+1)}\;-\;X_{U(n)}} {X_{U(n+1)}\;+\;X_{U(n)}}$ and $X_{U(n+1)}$ for $n{\geq}1$ are independent.

  • PDF

RECURRENCE RELATION FOR QUOTIENTS OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION BY RECORD VALUES

  • Lee, Min-Young;Chang, Se-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
    • /
    • 제12권1호
    • /
    • pp.15-22
    • /
    • 2004
  • In this paper we establish some recurrence relations satisfied by quotient moments of upper record values from the power distribution. Let {$X_n$, $n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of independent an identically distributed random variables with a common continuous distribution function(cdf) $F(x)$ and probability density function(pdf) $f(x)$. Let $Y_n=max\{X_1,X_2,{\cdots},X_n\}$ for $n{\geq}1$. We say $X_j$ is an upper record value of {$X_n$, $n{\geq}1$}, if $Y_j$ > $Y_{j-1}$, $j$ > 1. The indices at which the upper record values occur are given by the record times {$u(n)$}, $n{\geq}1$, where $u(n)=min\{j{\mid}j>u(n-1),X_j>X_{u(n-1)},n{\geq}2\}$ and $u(1)=1$. Suppose $X{\in}POW(0,1,{\theta})$ then $$E\left(\frac{X^r_{u(m)}}{X^{s+1}_{u(n)}}\right)=\frac{\theta}{s}E\left(\frac{X^r_{u(m)}}{X^s_{u(n-1)}}\right)+\frac{(s-\theta)}{s}E\left(\frac{X^r_{u(m)}}{X^s_{u(n)}\right)\;and\;E\left(\frac{X^{r+1}_{u(m)}}{X^s_{u(n)}}\right)=\frac{\theta}{n+1}\left[E\left(\frac{X^{r+1}_{u(m-1)}}{X^s_{u(n+1)}}\right)-E\left(\frac{X^{r+1}_{u(m)}}{X^s_{u(n-1)}}\right)+\frac{r+1}{\theta}E\left(\frac{X^r_{u(m)}}{X^s_{u(n)}}\right)\right]$$.

  • PDF

티안트렌 양이온 자유라디칼 과염소산염과 N-아릴벤젠술폰아미드 및 N-아릴-p-톨루엔술폰아미드의 반응. 5-(p-N-아릴술폰아미드페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염과 5-(p-N-아릴-p-톨루엔술폰아미드페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염의 합성 (Reactions of Thianthrene Cation Radical Perchlorate with N-Arylbenzene- and N-Aryl-p-toluenesulfonamides. Synthesis of 5-(p-N-Arylbenzenesulfonamidephenyl)- and 5-(p-N-Aryl-p-toluenesulfonamidophenyl)thianthrenium Perchlorate)

  • 김성훈;김경태
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제25권6호
    • /
    • pp.383-389
    • /
    • 1981
  • 티안트렌 양이온 자유라디칼 과염소산염은 p-톨루엔술포아니리드, 벤젠술폰아니리드, N-(2-메틸페닐)벤젠술폰아미드, N-페닐-p-톨루엔술폰아닐리드와 같은 N-아릴술폰아미드와 반응하여 각각 5-(p-N-p-톨루엔술폰아미도페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염(1a), 5-(p-N-벤젠술폰아미도페닐)티안트렌이움 과연소산염(1b), 5-(4-N-벤젠술폰아미도-3-메틸페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염(1c), 5-(p-N-페닐-N-p-톨루엔술폰아미도페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염(1d)을 준다. 한편 1d는 티안트렌 양이온 자유라디칼과 다시 반응하여 이과염소산염(1e)을 생성한다. 1a∼1e의 구조는 아세트아니리드와의 반응생성물인 5-(p-아세트아미도페닐)티안트렌이움 과염소산염과 매우 비슷하다. 그러나 두 반응의 양 관계에서 상이한 점은 술폰아미드와의 반응이 단일 메카니즘으로 진행되지 않음을 암시한다.

  • PDF

QUADRATIC MAPPINGS ASSOCIATED WITH INNER PRODUCT SPACES

  • Lee, Sung Jin
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.77-85
    • /
    • 2011
  • In [7], Th.M. Rassias proved that the norm defined over a real vector space V is induced by an inner product if and only if for a fixed integer $n{\geq}2$ $${\sum_{i=1}^{n}}\left\|x_i-{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum_{j=1}^{n}}x_j \right\|^2={\sum_{i=1}^{n}}{\parallel}x_i{\parallel}^2-n\left\|{\frac{1}{n}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}}x_i \right\|^2$$ holds for all $x_1$, ${\cdots}$, $x_n{\in}V$. Let V, W be real vector spaces. It is shown that if an even mapping $f:V{\rightarrow}W$ satisfies $$(0.1)\;{\sum_{i=1}^{2n}f}\(x_i-{\frac{1}{2n}}{\sum_{j=1}^{2n}}x_j\)={\sum_{i=1}^{2n}}f(x_i)-2nf\({\frac{1}{2n}}{\sum_{i=1}^{2n}}x_i\)$$ for all $x_1$, ${\cdots}$, $x_{2n}{\in}V$, then the even mapping $f:V{\rightarrow}W$ is quadratic. Furthermore, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic functional equation (0.1) in Banach spaces.

SUMMING AND DOMINATED OPERATORS ON A CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF c0 (𝓧) SPACES

  • Badea, Gabriela;Popa, Dumitru
    • 대한수학회지
    • /
    • 제54권3호
    • /
    • pp.967-986
    • /
    • 2017
  • We give the necessary condition for an operator defined on a cartesian product of $c_0(\mathcal{X})$ spaces to be summing or dominated and we show that for the multiplication operators this condition is also sufficient. By using these results, we show that ${\Pi}_s(c_0,{\ldots},c_0;c_0)$ contains a copy of $l_s(l^m_2{\mid}m{\in}\mathbb{N})$ for s > 2 or a copy of $1_s(l^m_1{\mid}{\in}\mathbb{N})$, for any $l{\leq}S$ < ${\infty}$. Also ${\Delta}_{s_1,{\ldots},s_n}(c_0,{\ldots},c_0;c_0)$ contains a copy of $l_{{\upsilon}_n(s_1,{\ldots},s_n)}$ if ${\upsilon}_n(s_1,{\ldots},s_n){\leq}2$ or a copy of $l_{{\upsilon}_n(s_1,{\ldots},s_n)}(l^m_2{\mid}m{\in}\mathbb{N})$ if 2 < ${\upsilon}_n(s_1,{\ldots},s_n)$, where ${\frac{1}{{\upsilon}_n(s_1,{\ldots},s_n})}={\frac{1}{s_1}}+{\cdots}+{\frac{1}{s_n}}$. We find also the necessary and sufficient conditions for bilinear operators induced by some method of summability to be 1-summing or 2-dominated.

N-[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl]-p-nitroaniline의 구조 (Crystal Structure of N[1(benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl]-p-nitroaniline)

  • 조소라;김문집;성낙도
    • 한국결정학회지
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.78-84
    • /
    • 1994
  • N-[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl]-P-nitroaniline ( BBN, C6H7N502) 의 분자 및 결정구조를 반-선 회절 법Abstract으로 연구하였다. 이 결정은 단사정계이고 공간군은 P21/n이다. 단위세포 길이는 a=17.542(2)A, b= 10.755(3)A, c=8.891(1)A 이며 a=b=r=90˚,b=104.58(1)˚,Z=4 이다.구조해석에 사용한 X-선은 CuKa선(λ:1.5418A )을 사용하였다. 분자구조는 직접법으로 풀었으며 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였 다. 최종 신뢰도 R값은 255개 파라메터, F≥4o(F)인 2248개의 회절반점에 대하여 R= 0.0411 이었다. 분자간 결합은 1개의 수소결합인 N(11)-Hll(Nll)‥‥N(3)로 결합되어 있으며, N(11)‥‥N(3)=3.136(2).1, N(11)-Hl 1 (Nl 1) ‥‥N(3) =164.1(15)˚이다.

  • PDF

거대고리 아자크라운화합물과 전이금속 및 란탄족금속이온의 착물의 안정도 (The Stability Constant of Transition and Lanthanide Metal Ions Complexes with 15 Membered Macrocyclic Azacrown Ligands)

  • 홍춘표;최용규
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제48권6호
    • /
    • pp.577-582
    • /
    • 2004
  • 새로운 아자크라운 화합물인, 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid, $N-ac_3[15]aneN_3O_2(II_a)$과 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane-N,N',N''-tripropioc acid, $N-pr_3$[15]ane$N_3O_2(II_b)$는 이와 유사한 화합물의 합성방법을 수정하여 합성하였다. 합성된 이 아자크라운 화합물, $N-ac_3[15]aneN_3O_2와\;N-pr_3[15]aneN_3O_2$의 양성자화 상수값은 전위차법을 이용하여 PKAS 프로그램으로부터 측정되어졌다. 그리고 0.1 M $NaClO_4$수용액으로 이온강도를 조절하고, $25{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$에서 란탄족금속인, $Ce^{3+},\;Eu^{3+},\;Gd^{3+}$$Yb^{3+}$과 리간드인 $N-ac_3[15]$ane$N_3O_2$$N-pr_3[15]aneN_3O_2$의 착물의 안정도상수를 전위차법을 이용하여 BEST 프로그램으로부터 구하였고, 또한 위와 같은 조건에서 전이금속인 $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$$Zn^{2+}$와 리간드인, $N-ac_3[15]aneN_3O_2$$N-pr_3[15]aneN_3O_2$의 착물의 안정도상수 값도 전위차법을 이용하여 BEST 프로그램으로부터 측정하였다. 합성된 아자크라운 화합물과 골격구조가 유사하고 아세트산과 프로피온산기를 포함하는, 1,7-dioxa-4,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid과 1,7-dioxa-4,10,13-triazacyclopentadecane-N,N',N''-tripropioc acid의 착물의 안정도를 비교분석하였다.

THE FRACTIONAL TOTIENT FUNCTION AND STURMIAN DIRICHLET SERIES

  • Kwon, DoYong
    • 호남수학학술지
    • /
    • 제39권2호
    • /
    • pp.297-305
    • /
    • 2017
  • Let ${\alpha}$ > 0 be a real number and $(s_{\alpha}(n))_{n{\geq}1}$ be the lexicographically greatest Sturmian word of slope ${\alpha}$. We investigate Dirichlet series of the form ${\sum}^{\infty}_{n=1}s_{\alpha}(n)n^{-s}$. To do this, a generalization of Euler's totient function is required. For a real ${\alpha}$ > 0 and a positive integer n, an arithmetic function ${\varphi}{\alpha}(n)$ is defined to be the number of positive integers m for which gcd(m, n) = 1 and 0 < m/n < ${\alpha}$. Under a condition Re(s) > 1, this paper establishes an identity ${\sum}^{\infty}_{n=1}s_{\alpha}(n)n^{-S}=1+{\sum}^{\infty}_{n=1}{\varphi}_{\alpha}(n)({\zeta}(s)-{\zeta}(s,1+n^{-1}))n^{-s}$.

CONVOLUTION SUMS OF ODD AND EVEN DIVISOR FUNCTIONS

  • Kim, Daeyeoul
    • 호남수학학술지
    • /
    • 제35권3호
    • /
    • pp.445-506
    • /
    • 2013
  • Let ${\sigma}_s(N)$ denote the sum of the s-th power of the positive divisors of N and ${\sigma}_{s,r}(N;m)={\sum_{d{\mid}N\\d{\equiv}r\;mod\;m}}\;d^s$ with $N,m,r,s,d{\in}\mathbb{Z}$, $d,s$ > 0 and $r{\geq}0$. In a celebrated paper [33], Ramanuja proved $\sum_{k=1}^{N-1}{\sigma}_1(k){\sigma}_1(N-k)=\frac{5}{12}{\sigma}_3(N)+\frac{1}{12}{\sigma}_1(N)-\frac{6}{12}N{\sigma}_1(N)$ using elementary arguments. The coefficients' relation in this identity ($\frac{5}{12}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{6}{12}=0$) motivated us to write this article. In this article, we found the convolution sums $\sum_{k&lt;N/m}{\sigma}_{1,i}(dk;2){\sigma}_{1,j}(N-mk;2)$ for odd and even divisor functions with $i,j=0,1$, $m=1,2,4$, and $d{\mid}m$. If N is an odd positive integer, $i,j=0,1$, $m=1,2,4$, $s=0,1,2$, and $d{\mid}m{\mid}2^s$, then there exist $u,a,b,c{\in}\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $\sum_{k& lt;2^sN/m}{\sigma}_{1,i}(dk;2){\sigma}_{1,j}(2^sN-mk;2)=\frac{1}{u}[a{\sigma}_3(N)+bN{\sigma}_1(N)+c{\sigma}_1(N)]$ with $a+b+c=0$ and ($u,a,b,c$) = 1(Theorem 1.1). We also give an elementary problem (O) and solve special cases of them in (O) (Corollary 3.27).