• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.448-452
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• 2016

This study is for the effective pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for a transport fuel receiving attention. The waste water during the pretreatment of biomass is major factor for determining the price of biofuel. Therefore, we conducted high concentration of organosolv pretreatment for decline waste water and reusing the solvent. We confirmed effect of organosolv pretreatment by components analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. The corn stover was used for and 99.5 wt% of ethanol as a organosolv pretreatment. The pretreatment condition was varied 130 to $190^{\circ}C$ during the designated reaction times and the effect of pretreatment was investigated by enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest glucose conversion was more than 68% the pretreatment condition of $190^{\circ}C$ for 70 min or more. The solid remaining was more than 70% and almost of cellulose and hemicellulose were survived.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2012

Astragalin (AS), kaempferol monoglycoside, is classified as a polyphenol, and a minute quantity of AS is known to be present in several plants. Recently, it was reported that AS can be prepared by the partial hydrolysis of camelliaside A (CamA) and camelliaside B (CamB) in the tea seed extract (TSE) in the presence of a commercial enzyme complex such as Mash. In this paper, the effects of reaction temperature, amount of enzyme, and the substrate concentration on the reactivity were investigated. As the reaction temperature or the amount of enzyme increased, the reaction rate to produce AS increased, however, the hydrolysis of AS into KR was also enhanced. As a conclusion, the reaction, when 2 mL of Mash to 1 g of TSE was applied with a substrate concentration of 15% at $50^{\circ}C$, was found to be optimum, based on the reaction rate and the selectivity to AS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1246-1251
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• 2013

An organic solvent-tolerant lipase of Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 154 that was isolated from wastewater in the industrial complex region had optimal activity at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 8. This crude extracellular lipase from BCNU 154 exhibited maximum stability in toluene, retaining about 6.01 U/ml (117.53%) activity for 2 h. $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $NH_4{^+}$, and $Na^+$ ions and triton X-100 activated the enzymes, whereas $Ba^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$ ions inhibited their activity. Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 154 lipase revealed stable activity comparable to that of the commercial immobilized Novozym 435. Thus, this organic solvent-tolerant lipase could have potential as a whole cell biocatalyst in industrial chemical processes without the use of immobilization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2008

Bovine hepatic extract is recognized as possessing detoxifying activity against various liver diseases. In orderto develop a process for its mass production, various enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were tested, and bovine hepatic extracts were prepared. These extracts were then examined for composition, microorganism levels, and vitamin $B_{12}$ content. Among the enzymes tested, papain was selected based on yields for dry residue and amino nitrogen. The other enzymes tested included bromelain, ficin, pancreatin, and protease NP. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were established at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, with an addition of 1%(w/w) papain to the beef liver. The prepared spray-dried bovine hepatic extract showed an 11% recovery yield on a raw beef liver basis, with 95% dry residue and 11.8% total nitrogen content. Microorganisms were not detected in the dried extract, and its vitamin $B_{12}$ content was 4.1 ${\mu}$g/g. In summary, the conditions established in this study could be applied for the high yield mass production of bovine hepatic extract.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1048-1056
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• 2018

Non-edible oil sources (i.e., Palm Acid Oil, waste animal fat) usually contain relatively high amount of free fatty acids (FFA) that make them inadequate for direct base catalyzed transesterification reaction. Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis can solve several problems posed by the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification, and has certain advantages over the chemical catalysis of transesterification, as it is less energy intensive, allows easy recovery of glycerol and the transesterification of glycerides with high free fatty acid contents. In this study, we synthesized biodiesel through enzymatic catalyzed process using high free fatty acid containing waste oil in biodiesel reactor (1 ton/day) and optimized the biodiesel production processes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1408-1414
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• 2019

Enzymes are widely used in industrial applications such as detergents, food, feed production, pharmaceuticals and medical applications and major contributors to clean industrial products and processes. To screen, identify, and characterize the enzymes the zymography techniques are routinely used. The zymography technique is a simple, sensitive, and quantifiable technique that is widely used to detect functional enzymes following electrophoretic separation in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. The method is a versatile two-stage technique involving protein separation by electrophoresis followed by the detection of enzyme activity in polyacrylamide gels under non-reducing conditions. It is based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel (PAG) copolymerization with substrates, which are degraded by the hydrolytic enzymes restored in enzyme reaction buffer after the electrophoretic separation. Any kind of biological sample can be applied and analyzed on zymography, including culture supernatants of microbes, plants extracts, blood, tissue culture fluids, enzymes in foods extracts and metaproteome. The advantage of zymography is that it is possible to directly detect the protein with activity on the electrophoretic gel as well as confirm the activity at the nanogram level. Thus, this zymography technology can be applied in various fields. However, these advantages are rather disadvantageous and can often lead to experimental errors. In this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and problem solving of zymography technique are described.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2011

Optimum conditions to prepare a yeast extract with rice protein hydrolysates(rh) were investigated. The yeast extract was obtained at the level of 2.3 g/L from the yeast culture medium($30^{\circ}C$, 48 hr) composed of 5% rh and glucose( 3%, w/w). Within the extract, RNA was contained at the level of 188.1 mg/g and the levels of GMP and IMP as nucleotides were $650.33{\pm}48{\mu}g/g$, $69{\pm}21{\mu}g/g$, respectively. When Rrh(Residual rice protein hydrolysate by $Delvolase^{(R)}$) was supplemented into a yeast extract, the savory taste like umami of the mixture was found to increase noticeably based on the measurements by taste sensing system as well as sensory test. It is assumed that soluble peptides in Rrh could play an important role in improving the overall taste of yeast extract by enhancing its umami taste. Therefore, the yeast extract supplemented with Rrh could be used for manufacturing a high value-added natural seasoning ingredient.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.444-451
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of protein hydrolysates derived from defatted egg yolk using various proteolytic enzymes and compare the antioxidant activity of the resulting hydrolysates. The defatted egg yolk powder was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using four different proteases (alcalase, bromelain, flavourzyme and neutrase), and the resulting hydrolysates were evaluated for their antioxidant properties. Through analysis of available amino group contents and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was observed that the defatted egg yolk powder treated with alcalase, flavourzyme, and neutrase for 12 h exhibited a high degree of hydrolysis value. Based on the RC₅₀ values obtained from two different antioxidant analyses, all hydrolysates showed comparable antioxidant activity, except for the alcalase hydrolysate, which demonstrated notably higher scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide than the other hydrolysates. These findings suggest the potential of protein hydrolysates from defatted egg yolk, a by-product of lecithin extraction, as natural antioxidants.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1 s.200
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• pp.48-57
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• 1986

- DATA파이프 - 화학품 생산을 위한 바이오매스의 이용 - 선형 프로그래밍 산법 - 복합질병을 위한 왁찐 - 말라리아 왁찐 - 데이터 기록용의 확장식 디스크매체 - 생세포의 냉동보존용 전산화 시각분석법 - 콜버그완 - 중유회수의 능률향상 - 충돌 들뜸체계이용 소프트 X선 레이저 - 스터얼링 사이클 저온 냉각기 - 셀데인 - 플라즈마 체계이용 소프트 X선 레이저 - 수력터빈 시스템 - 암호시스템을 해독하는 산법 - 균일한 크기의 극히 미세한 물질을 형성하는 공정 - 마그네켄치 - 리그닌 퇴화효소 - 코즈믹 튜브 - 테라비트 Km/Sec용량의 광전송 - 폴리머-세라믹 복합체 - 노바 - 살아있는 뇌의 신경 수용체를 보고 측정하는 방법

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2002

형질전환식물체기술 (transgenic plant technology)은 산업용 단백질 생산에 있어 경쟁력이 높으며, 그 주요 특징으로 최종 목적물의 저렴한 가격, 종자형태로의 안정적인 단백질 보존, scale-up의 손쉬움 등을 들 수 있다. 이 기술에는 유전자조작 (genemanipulation)에서 육종 (breeding)에 이르는 제단계가 포함되고 기존 화학공정의 대체에 의한 환경오염 방지 등의 혜택도 기대된다. 본 란에서는 분자량, 생체활성과 세포내 위치가 상이한 $\beta$- glucuronidase (GUS), avidin, laccase, trypsin을 예로 들어 형질전환식물체기술의 다양함을 설명하고자 한다.