• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.4 s.33
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• pp.99-114
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• 2006

Under awareness of the importance of interaction between local research agencies and farmers in developing local agriculture, this study attempts to analyse the level of interaction in extension services of Experiment Station. The data were collected through the interview with researchers in five Experiment Stations and farmers who have made contact with the researchers. The results of the analysis are as follow: (1) The Experiment Stations are currently providing extension services though they are originally research-oriented agencies. The extension methods of Experiment Stations are similar with those of extension agencies. (2) The more systematic the characteristic of extension service type is, the higher level of interaction is generated with several exceptions which should not be ignored. This study accentuates the efforts to improve the level of interaction as well as to construct a system as a linked set of actors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2017

In this study, factors involved in lipid and energy metabolism following treatment with ethanolic extract of the Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome (ID1216) were evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. ID1216-treated mice showed a significant reduction in weight gain compared to non-treated mice. ID1216 treatment increased the protein levels of AMP-dependent protein kinase, sirtuin1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator 1-${\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) and uncoupling proteins in the adipose tissue, liver and muscle compared to vehicle treatment. Analysis of downstream signals of the sirtuin1 $PGC1{\alpha}$-$PPAR{\alpha}$ pathway showed that ID1216 regulates the expression of ${\beta}$-oxidation related genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase1, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and adipocyte protein 2. In addition, ID1216 increased the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. These results suggest that ID1216 has anti-obesity effects by regulating the genes involved thermogenesis, ${\beta}$-oxidation and lipolysis in a diet-induced obesity model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 2015

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract (ID1216) of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome and its potential underlying mechanism in an animal model. ID1216 treatment decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight in the prevention study. The mRNA levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) significantly increased in the epididymal white adipose tissue of ID1216-administered mice. The stimulation effects of ID1216 on these gene expressions were also observed in a cell-based assay using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, similar to orlistat, ID1216 treatment improved weight gain and reduced epididymal fat in the treatment model. These results suggest that ID1216 has potential as an anti-obesity agent by modulating the expression of genes related to thermogenesis, lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.549-556
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• 2005

Estrogenic and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of 45 edible and medicinal plants were evaluated by ${\beta}-galactosidase$ assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay, and TBARS inhibition rate, respectively. Total polyphenol contents were in the range of 8.6 (Panax notoginseng Buck F.H. Chen.)-594.7 (Amomum globosum Loureiro) mg/g. Direct correlation between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content $(r^2=0.61)$ was established through simple regression analysis, whereas no correlation was observed between TBARS inhibition rate or ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and polyphenol content. Among medicinal plants screened, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Rheum undulatum L. showed strong antioxidant and estrogenic activities. Results of this study could be used as fundamental data for selecting potential phytoestrogen candidates.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-190
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• 2020

How is the "Yonsei University Incident" of August 1996 remembered from a periphery perspective and a gender perspective? With this question in mind, I reviewed the history of the revolution and the missing memories in the period from 1996 to 2016 in Korean literature. I tried to recover the story of the revolution experienced and remembered by those who were politically invisible or gender-excluded, by centering on novels with strange reminiscences of the student movement in 1996, namely Yoon I-Hyung's "Big Wolf Blue" ("Big Wolf Blue", 2011), Choi Eun-Young's "Responsibility"(2018), Hwang Jung-Eun's Didi's Umbrella (2019) and Park Sang- Young's "A piece of Rockfish Sashimi The Taste of the Universe"(How to Love in Metropolis, 2019). There is a correlation between the perception of the periphery and the name of the "unrememberable" revolution. And this fact tells us that revolution does not mean the same thing to everyone, even when it "passes" through the midst of a revolution that shares the imagination of a better society and the desire to reorganize the system. In other words, it emphasizes that the logic of exclusion and hierarchy was still in operation even at the moment of revolution. It would be said that this review is not only a rethinking of the student movement, but also a reevaluation from the gender perspective of Korean society in the 1990s.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.816-822
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• 2011

Kaempferol, a component of Polygonati rhizoma, is one of the herbal flavonoids, which is used in therapeutic agent for anti-hypercholesterol, anti-hypertension and anti-diabetes. And it is also known to be effective in anti-cancer therapy for breast, prostate and other type of cancers. However, the anti-cancer therapeutic mechanisms are pooly understood. To address molecular mechanism underlying kaempferol-induced anti-cancer effects, we determined the effect of kaempferol on cell growth of the lung cancer cell lines, A549, H1299 and H460. From the FACS analysis, measurement of caspase activity, DAPI and tryptophan blue staining, and DNA fragmentation assay, we found that kaempferol induces apoptosis and H460 cells are most sensitive among the tested cell lines. In addition, we performed microarray to identify the genome-wide expression profiling regulated by kaempferol. Lots of cell cycle-related genes were under-expressed, whereas the genes related to TGF-beta/SMAD pathway were over-expressed in kaempferol-treated H460 cells. Additionally, kaempferol also increased expression levels of apoptosis related genes such as death receptors, FAS, TRAIL-R and TNF-R, and casepase-8 and caspase-10. Overall, our results suggest that kaempferol promotes anti-lung cancer therapeutic effects by inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis through TGF-beta/SMAD pathway and death receptors/caspase pathway, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2012

Recently, herbal flavonoids have been implicated for anti-cancer therapy. Flavonoids as a commonly known for their anti-oxidant activity, are contained in the herbal medicine as well as root of plants, vegetables, fruits, grains, tea, and wine. Kaempferol, a component of Polygonati rhizoma, a member of the herbal flavonoids, has been studied for anti-hypercholesterol, anti-hypertension and anti-diabetes. It is also known to be effective in anti-cancer therapy for breast, prostate and other type of cancers. However, the anti-cancer therapeutic mechanisms are pooly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying kaempferol-induced anti-cancer effects using the human liver cancer cell lines, Hep3B, HepG2, and Sk-Hep-1, and human Chang liver cell as a control. As shown by the FACS analysis, measurement of caspase activity, DAPI and trypan blue staining, and DNA fragmentation assay, kaempferol induced apoptosis in the liver cancer cells with the greater potential in Hep3B cells than other liver cancer cells. In addition, we performed microarray analysis to profile the genome-wide mRNA expression regulated by kaempferol. Many of the apoptosis-related genes were significantly induced in kaempferol-treated Hep3B cells, in particular, the genes associated with MAPK cascade. Additionally, kaempferol induced the mRNA expression of genes involved in MKK7-JNK cascade, MKK3-p38 cascade, and caspase signaling pathway, which are all known to trigger apoptosis. Overall, our data suggest that kaempferol has anti-liver cancer effects by inducing apoptosis through the MKK7-JNK cascade, MKK3-p38 cascade, and caspase signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.42-75
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• 2000

Violence against women includes sexual violence, domestic violence, trafficking, etc. It is a serious problem that violates women's rights and basic freedom. In Korea, with the enactment of the laws on sexual violence and domestic violence in the 1990s, counseling centers and protective facilities for the victims began to be established and have been rapidly increasing in number recently. The purpose of this research was to investigate the current status of the counseling services with a focus on their linkage function. 78 out of 109 counselors working in the counseling centers for sexual and domestic violence throughout Korea responded to a mail survey. The questions included the general characteristics of the centers and the counselors, the structural, relationship and process dimensions of linkage function, and the subjective and objective aspects of the degree of linkage. The findings of the analysis highlighted the following problems. First, the counseling centers played limited role in serving the victims of violence due to lack of resources in the service network. Second, the linkage of services existed on a relatively small scale which was mostly based upon informal and unstructured relationship. Third, according to the multivariate analysis, the existence of potential partner agencies, the effort of the line staff to initiate the linkage relationship and mutual cooperation between agencies determined the degree of linkage among services. These findings suggest implications for establishing a more effective system to protect the victims of violence.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2018

Farm succession is one of the most important events that substantially influence the viability of a farm business not only for a family farm operation, but also for a farm industry as a whole. This study aims to analyze the factors which affect the probability of existence of a successor, using the nationwide survey data. The probability of having a successor increases with the age of operator, the number of sons, the area under cultivation, organic farming, farm expansion plan, main crop and operator's attitude towards farm succession. Also this study investigates the succession plans of family farms having a successor and land disposal plans of family farms without a successor. 40% of farms having a successor have only vague succession plans and 34.7% of farms without a successor have a plan to apportion their land among their children. Based on these results, this study suggests the necessity of planning for farm succession and successors' agricultural training. In addition, measures for preventing from land fragmentation are needed for realization of effective usage of agricultural land.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of young farmers' residential location characteristics. Based on residential location theory and previous studies on the stated preference for residential environment of young farmers, this study develops a spatial econometrics model using housing and neighborhood variables, accessibility variables, natural environment variables and farm economics and management variables. The findings suggest that the higher rate of young farmers has a positive relationship with higher population density, higher housing price, closer distance to city centers and Eup districts compared to Myeon districts. In addition, areas which have higher rate of farmers with high sales and growing certain crops such as fruits and vegetables are revealed to have higher rate of young farmers. This study presents that maintaining rural vitality is also crucial for attracting young farmers to rural areas and remaining them in the farm as active agricultural workforce.