• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

As a sub-concept of corporate or organization governance, business governance and IT governance have become major research topics in academia. However, despite the importance of process as a construct for mediating the domain between business and information technology, research on process governance is relatively inadequate. Process Governance focuses on activities that link business strategy with IT system implementation and explains the creation of corporate core values. The researcher studied the basic conceptual governance models of political science, sociology, public administration, and classified governance styles into six categories. The researcher focused on the series of metamodels. For examples, the traditional Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) by Henderson and Venkatraman which is replaced by the neo-SAM model, organizational governance network model, sequential organization governance model, organization governance meta model, process governance CUBE model, COSO and process governance CUBE comparison model, and finally Process Governance Framework and etc. The Major difference between SAM and neo-SAM model is Process Governance domain inserted between Business Governance and IT Governance. Among several metamodels, Process Governance framework, the core conceptual model consists of four activity dimensions: strategic aligning, human empowering, competency enhancing, and autonomous organizing. The researcher designed five variables for each activity dimensions, totally twenty variables. Besides four activity dimensions, there are six driving forces for Process Governance cycle: De-normalizing power, micro-power, vitalizing power, self-organizing power, normalizing power and sense-making. With four activity dimensions and six driving powers, an organization can maintain the flexibility of process governance cycle to cope with internal and external environmental changes. This study aims to propose the Process Governance competency model and Process Governance variables. The situation of the industry is changing from the function-oriented organization management to the process-oriented perspective. Process Governance framework proposed by the researcher will be the contextual reference models for the further diffusion of the research on Process Governance domain and the operational definition for the development of Process Governance measurement tools in detail.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.153-168
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• 2019

Augmented Reality(AR) has been one of the important technologies of the 4th industrial revolution. Consumer acceptance of new technologies is substantial issue for market expansion, but there have been few empirical studies on factors that affect the acceptance or use intention of AR. In this study, we have explored and analyzed the factors influencing technology acceptance based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT2) model in the AR business and have discussed it with comparison with existing research based on this analysis. The results of this study suggest that the main variables of the existing UTAUT1 model had significant positive effect on the intention to use, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation, habits of UTAUT2. In addition, perceived risk introduced in this study had a negative effect on intention to use. Furthermore, the impact between these two factors have been effort expectancy(${\beta}=.294$)>habits(${\beta}=.268$)>hedonic motivation(${\beta}=.266$)>performance expectancy,(${\beta}=.263$)>facilitating conditions(${\beta}=.233$)>perceived risk(${\beta}=-.094$). The impact of social influence did not have a significant effect on intention to use. The intention to use was analyzed to have a significant positive effect on the actual use and recommendation intention. On the other hand, the hypothesis that the age and gender has played a moderating role between independent variables and the intention of use were investigated. Age was found out to play a role as a moderator between social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habits and intention to use. In the same way, gender has been shown to play a moderating role between facilitating conditions, perceived risk and intention to use. Academic and practical implications are suggested based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.57-70
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• 2021

As COVID-19 spreads, people's interest in smart learning that can do non-face-to-face learning is increasing nowadays. In this study, we aim to empirically analyze how users' thoughts on COVID-19 and the information quality and system quality of smart learning systems affect users' acceptance of smart learning and examine the effect of perceived sensitivity and severity of COVID-19 on the satisfaction and use of smart learning through concerns about the risk of transmission. In addition, we examined the influence of information quality composed of content quality and interaction quality and system quality composed of system accessibility and functionality on the use of smart learning through user satisfaction. To verify the validity of the proposed model, we conducted a survey on 334 users with experience in using smart learning, and performed the analysis using Smart PLS 3.0. According to the analysis results, among information quality and system quality, only functionality has a positive (+) effect on the satisfaction of smart learning, and satisfaction has a positive (+) effect on the usage behavior. However, it is found that accessibility among system quality do not affect satisfaction, and concern about the risk of transmission has a negative effect on satisfaction. This study can provide meaningful guidelines to researchers when researching smart learning to support students' learning in a pandemic situation of a new infectious disease, such as COVID-19. It will also be able to provide useful implications for educational institutions and companies related to smart learning.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.168-184
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• 2022

This paper examined the construction techniques of the earthen fortifications in the Hanseong Period of Baekje Kingdom, which has been researched most frequently among the Three Kingdoms. The construction processes of the Earthen Fortifications were reviewed and dividing into 'selection of location and construction of the base', 'construction of the wall', and 'finish, extension and repair'. The results show that various techniques were mobilized for building these earthen fortifications. Techniques which were adequate for the topography were utilized for reinforcing the base, and several other techniques were used for constructing the wall. In particular, techniques for wall construction may be clearly divided into those of the fill(盛土) and panchuk(版築) techniques. The fill method has been assumed since the 2000s to have been more efficient than the panchuk technique. This method never uses the structure of the panchuk technique and is characterized by a complex soil layer line, an alternate fill, use of 'earth mound(土堤)'/'clay clod(土塊)', and junctions of oval fill units. The fill method allows us to understand active technological sharing and application among the embankment structures in the period of the Three Kingdoms. The panchuk technique is used to construct a wall using a stamped earthen structure. This technique is divided into types B1 and B2 according to the height, scale, and extension method of the structure. Type B1 precedes B2, which was introduced in the late Hanseong Period. Staring with the Pungnap Earthen Fortification in Seoul, the panchuk technique seems to have spread throughout South Korea. The techniques of the fill and panchuk techniques coexisted at the time when they appeared, but panchuk earthen fortifications gradually dominated. Both techniques have completely different methods for the soil layers, and they have opposite orders of construction. Accordingly, it is assumed that both have different technical systems. The construction techniques of the earthen fortifications began from the Hanseong Period of Baekje Kingdom and were handed down and developed until the Woongjin-Sabi Periods. In the process, it seems that there existed active interactions with other nations. Recently, since studies of the earthen fortifications have been increasing mainly in the southern areas, it is expected that comparative analysis with neighboring countries will be done intensively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-241
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• 2022

This study was investigated distributed the vascular flora of around Haemyeong Mt., located in Seokmodo, Incheon, and compared invasive alien plants in the surrounding forest 14 areas. This study carried out to be established a monitoring system for the remarkable plants etc. and used as basic data for biodiversity enhancement and conservation. The survey was conducted 19 times from April 2019 to October 2020. A total of 107 families, 382 genera, 616 species, 15 sub-species, 55 varieties, 8 formas, and 694 taxa were classified in the flora around Haemyeong Mt. areas. 17 taxa for Korea endemic plants. 12 taxa were classified for rare plants, and a total of 79 taxa were identified for floristic target species I~V. Halophytes consisted of 37 taxa. The invasive alien plants were classified as 66 taxa, and also there has been 126 taxa of them in Seokmodo and surrounding 14 forests. Plants that appeared in all 14 areas out of 126 taxa were classified as 7 taxa, such as Erigeron annuus. However, 48 taxa appeared only once in some areas, but it seems inevitable that they will spread in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a long-term conservation plan for native plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

Building self-sustainable rural infrastructure and environment through smart digital agriculture technology innovation is one of the major goals of the Korean agricultural administration as a part of the nation's 4^th industry revolution. To identify areas for improving and effectively investing in the acceleration of rural development, 207 experts in the areas of crop science and smart digital agriculture technology were interviewed for their opinions and suggestions on 22 questions designed to recognize fundamental agricultural issues to be addressed and solutions to advance technology innovation and rural development. Majority of the participants expected smart digital agriculture technologies to resolve major agricultural issues and help build a better rural environment. To overcome technology gaps and resolve issues more effectively, further investment in training new technology experts and building stronger agricultural technology infrastructure is urgent, and persistent and systematic support from agricultural administration appears to be the key for accelerating the process. While the leading global groups of both public and private sectors have advanced their technologies beyond the field application stage, most of the Korean technologies remain at the early pilot stage. Aging population and lack of labor in rural areas, unknown future climate change, and challenges in sustainable rural development are expected to be resolved by smart digital agriculture technologies. Technological innovations by research institutes should be promptly deployed in the crop production field, and farm training systemically organized by local technology centers can accelerate farming revolution. Standardization of equipment and data systems is another key to the success of digitalization of food crop production and food supply chains nationwide.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Earthenware horn cups with horse head decorations were excavated from Tomb No. 7 of Bokcheon-dong, Dongraegu, Busan Metropolitan City. Made of earth in the shape of a horn, these cups are considered to have been used to drink alcohol or beverage. Large numbers of earthenware horn cups of various shapes were excavated from tombs located in the old territories of Silla and Gaya. A pair of earthenware horn cups were excavated from Tomb No. 7, and the two cups are almost identical in overall shapes and manufacturing techniques despite different sizes. Conservation treatment was carried out for the bigger one of the two horn cups this time. There are two cracks toward the horse head decorations around the mouth with missing parts observed. The chest of the horse touches the ground with one side decorating the horse head and the other side facing the conical mouth of the horn cup. It is in the U shape, striking a balance based on two legs attached behind. The surface of the horn cup was made with a potter's wheel, and the connection to the horse head has traces of cutting and trimming. The horse head is expressed realistically with its features including the ears, eyes, nose, and mouth well apprehended and its color is grey This study intended to investigate manufacturing techniques of the artifact by examining its internal structure through the condition survey in a non-destructive way. CT imaging was used to figure out its manufacturing techniques and to diagnose its condition, and accordingly the scientific conservation treatment was conducted to stabilize the artifact. The precise diagnosis on conservation condition found that there are two chips in the spout with their cracks extended. One of the chips is connected with separation added to the crack. The material which has been used for connection in the past was collected for the infrared spectroscopic analysis, which was identified to be nitrocellulose resin for the connection. Therefore, this conservation treatment focused on removing the old material and preventing the spread of cracks. Before conservation treatment, the condition survey and scientific examination for the artifact were carried out to secure data about the earthenware horn cup with horse head decorations(Treasure). Based on them, effective plans for its conservation treatment was sought for and then existing adhesive was safely removed, and restoration material was selected to take into account its reversibility. In addition, the conservation treatment according to optimal methodologies was conducted through the consultation meeting with experts.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2021

The Korean government proposed the K-SDGs in 2019 to promote the UN SDGs, but the role and tasks of science and technology, an important means of implementing the SDGs, have not been materialized. Accordingly, the role of science and technology ODA for the SDGs was established through the Ministry of Science and ICT's policy research project 'Science and Technology ODA Promotion Roadmap for Spreading the New Southern Policy and Realizing the 2030 SDGs'. In addition, goals, strategies, and core tasks for the next 10 years were derived in 10 fields such as water, climate change, energy, and ICT. In this paper, we analyze 30 key tasks of the ODA promotion roadmap for science and technology for the realization of SDGs, and propose mid- and short-term tasks and implementation plans for effective roadmap promotion. Among the key tasks in each field, four common elements were derived: ICT/smartization, a global problem-solving center, cooperation/communication platform, and business model/startup support platform/living lab that can create and integrate roadmap implementation conditions. In addition, the four mid- and short-term tasks, 1) Establishment of science and technology ODA network, 2) Establishment of living lab business platform linked to start-up support business, 3) Local smartization of recipient countries, and 4) Expand and secure sustainability of global problem-solving centers, were set in relation to the implementation of the detailed roadmap. For the derived mid- and short-term tasks, detailed implementation plans based on the ICTization of global problem-solving centers were presented. The implementation of the mid- and short-term tasks presented in this paper can contribute to the more effective achievement of the science and technology ODA roadmap, and it is expected that Korea's implementation of SDGs will also achieve high performance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 2022

Existing algal bloom monitoring is based on field sampling, and there is a limit to understanding the spatial distribution of algal blooms, such as the occurrence and spread of algae, due to local investigations. In this study, algal bloom monitoring was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle and multispectral sensor, and data on the distribution of algae were provided. For the algal bloom monitoring site, data were acquired from the Mulgeum·Mae-ri site located in the lower part of the Nakdong River, which is the areas with frequent algal bloom. The Chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) value of field-collected samples and the Chl-a estimation formula derived from the correlation between the spectral indices were comparatively analyzed. As a result, among the spectral indices, Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) showed the highest statistical significance(R²=0.91, RMSE=8.1mg/m³). As a result of mapping the distribution of algae by applying MCI to the image of August 05, 2021 with the highest Chl-a concentration, the river area was 1.7km², the Warning area among the indicators of the algal bloom warning system was 1.03km²(60.56%) and the Algal Bloom area occupied 0.67km²(39.43%). In addition, as a result of calculating the number of occurrence days in the area corresponding to the "Warning" in the images during the study period (July 01, 2021~November 01, 2021), the Chl-a concentration above the "Warning" level was observed in the entire river section from 12 to 19 times. The algal bloom monitoring method proposed in this study can supplement the limitations of the existing algal bloom warning system and can be used to provide information on a point-by-point basis as well as information on a spatial range of the algal bloom warning area.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-160
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• 2023

The spread of non-face-to-face services due to the COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in consumers' purchasing behavior and attracted much attention to new services. Could trying new services caused by this sudden environmental change alter consumers's choice patterns? This study proposes the research question of whether these new service experiences can change consumers' existing choice behavior, especially for risk-averse consumers who maintain their existing choice behavior or prefer safe alternatives. In this study, we examined whether trying out an unmanned payment services, one of innovative services that emerged after the pandemic crisis, can change the existing choice behavior of risk-averse consumers, i.e., make them more likely to prefer risky alternatives to safe alternatives. To accomplish these research goals, this research conducted one pilot survey and one study. The results of pilot survey showed that the stronger the prevention-focus tendency, the lower the self-efficacy to use the innovative service, with a negative relationship between them. Based on these findings, the study used an experimental method to examine the interaction effects between the use of innovation services and consumers' regulatory focus in a choice behavior and to explore the psychological mechanisms behind them. According to the results, it is found that prevention-focused consumers were more likely to choose risky alternatives and dissimilar extended brands following a trial of an unmanned payment service compared to not using that service. In contrast, promotion-focused consumers did not show different choice patterns regardless of following a trial of an innovative service. Furthermore, these results for prevention-focused consumers confirm the role of self-efficacy as a psychological mechanism. These findings shed light on the role of self-efficacy which has discussed in positive psychology into marketing area. Moreover, practical and academic implications are suggested by the finding that behavioral change occurs in risk-averse consumers, who are known to be hesitant to try new behaviors, indicating market expansion related to potential consumers for the use of the innovation services.