• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1994

리더를 선출하는 기존의 선거 전략은 노드의 성능을 고려하지 않아서 양질의 리더를 선출할 수 없다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 성능을 고려하여 리더를 선출하는 방안에 대한 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 성능을 양방향 지연값을 선호도로 할 때, 선거전략중 다수결 선거 전략을 확률론적으로 분석하였다.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this research is to develop a probability program based on the actual condition of understanding of probability by the elementary school students from 3rd to 6th grade and search for ways to apply it to the 3rd grade of elementary school students. Based on the results from the research, the author reached a conclusion as following. After applying the learning program to five students of 3rd grade, all of the five students made progress understanding the concept of experimental and theoretical probability. However, for understanding the concept of example space, only two leading students were improved, which shows that students are having much difficulty in understanding the concept. As for under-standing the concept of experimental probability, many students gained the conceptual difference between the experimental and theoretical probability after using the program and enhanced their understanding of experimental probability.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.561-577
• /
• 2003

Because statistical concepts are important parts in school mathematics, mathematics teachers have trained by special education model. In this study, a desirable direction of curriculum on probability and statistics at pre-service for mathematics teacher is considered. We proposed four subjects as Exploration and Analysis of Data for Mathematics Teacher, Probability and Statistics I, II for Mathematics Teacher and Statistical Software for Mathematics, and suggested the constituents and something being kept in mind for each subject.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 1979

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.3 no.8
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 1965

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.10-11
• /
• 1976

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze 3rd, 4th and 5th graders' probability understanding and raise issues concerning instructional methods and search for the possibility of learning probability. For the purpose, a descriptive study through pencil-and-paper test regarding fairness, sample space, probability of event, probability comparison, independence and conditional probability was conducted. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained in this study. First, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students scored the highest in the sample space questions. In descending order of skill, the students scored the highest in sample space following probability of events, fairness and probability comparison. Second, however, the level of independence understanding was low. There was no meaningful differences between grades and the conditional probability was the least understood. The independence is difficult to develop naturally according to cognitive development. The conditional probability recognizing the probability of an event changes in non-replacement situations was very difficult for these students. Third, there were significant differences between the 5th graders and the 3rd and 4th graders in the probability comparison questions. It shows that 5th graders understand the concept of proportion when they compare equal ratio probability of an event. The 3rd graers could do different ratio probability of an event more easily than equal ratio probability of an event after they were instructed on probability comparison.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.829-854
• /
• 2009

Because the probability education in the elementary statistics course is the starting part of the inferential statistics, it is hard to follow the lecture for undergraduate students. In this paper, we suggest the useful cases for the probability education in the elementary statistics course and give the corresponding R scripts.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.463-487
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on probability. Teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on probability was analyzed in detail into 2 categories: (a) subject matter knowledge, (b) knowledge of students' understanding and misunderstanding. The results showed, in terms of the subject matter knowledge, that the teachers have some probability misconception. And, it showed, in the point of the knowledge of students' understanding, they could not explain why students have difficulties to solve some tasks with regard to probability. This study raised several implications for teachers' professional development for effective mathematics instruction.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1539-1545
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we analyze and discuss the trend of the probability and statistics problems that have been made in the public secondary school teacher employment exam for mathematics teachers. In order to properly teach the national mathematics curriculum in 2015 in terms of content and function, we investigate the probability and statistics contents that a mathematics teachers should know. We also analyze the contents and trends of the items that have been submitted for 15 years in public secondary school teacher employment exam, and discuss the contents, scope, level and direction of the future contents. In conclusion, considering the significance of the Big Data in the 4th industrial revolution, the problems of statistical thinking of data and probability, exploratory data analysis, sample survey, and statistical inference are needed more.