• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.296-300
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• 2009

Generation of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) was studied by the un-divided electrochemical cell system using $RuO_2$ anode material. Sodium chlorite ($NaClO_2$) was used as a precursor compound of chlorine dioxide. Effect of various operating parameters such as feed solution flow rate, initial solution pH, $NaClO_2$ and NaCl conc., and applied current density on the produced chlorine dioxide concentration and solution pH were investigated in un-divided electrochemical cell system. Produced chlorine dioxide concentration and solution pH were strongly depends on the initial solution pH and feed solution flow rate. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was not only good electrolyte, it was also used as a raw material of chlorine dioxide with $NaClO_2$. Observed optimum conditions were flow rate of feed solution (90 mL/min), initial pH (2.3), $NaClO_2$ concentration (4.7 mM), NaCl concentration (100 mM), and current density ($5A/dm^2$). Produced chlorine dioxide concentration was around 350 mg/L and solution pH was around 3.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2022

Statistics on the occurrence of fires in residential facilities over the past 10 years, show that approximately 40% are fires in apartment buildings. To prevent the spread of fire and support evacuation in apartment housing, the fire resistance performance and performance design of fire doors are becoming more important. This study established a database using 395 quality inspection reports from 2016 to 2020, which passed the fire performance test, and derived the fire door performance-influencing factors through an analysis of the structure (12 elements) of the fire door. As a result, the effect of core material, adhesive, hinge type, blowing agent, etc. was confirmed in 287 pass cases. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the occurrence of flames and crevices in the 108 cases of failure were the major failure factors in the fire door fire resistance test. Fire doors are composed of composite materials to prevent failure of fire resistance performance, and efficient design and quality control are required through standardization of components.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

In this research, a VR game was developed to experience the fire evacuation from a fired building, intending calm and fast reaction in urgent fire situations. The user should move out through the fire door, stairs and corridors toward exit door using the VIVE controllers. When the user can't proceed the path because of fire flame or smoke, he/she should turn back to find another path. A building of Hoseo university was modeled and tests were carried out by students with polls focused on the usability and the effectiveness of this VR game. The result has been analyzed to show their responses.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2005

본 실험은 화재현장에서 발견된 소훼된 전기다리미 내부 바이메탈 스위치 접점이 꺼짐 상태로 식별되는 경우와 다리미에 접촉된 바닥재가 소실 상태로 발견되는 경우의 과열 출화흔을 확인키 위해 조건별 A, B, C로 구분하여 실험한 결과 사용중인 전기 다리미를 면셔츠 위에 1시간 정도 방치한 정도로는 자체 과열 발화할 가능성은 희박한 것으로 판단되었고, 내부 안정장치(바이메탈 스위치, 온도휴즈 등)를 제거하여 자체과열 시킨 다리미의 경우 외부 화염으로 소훼시킨 다리미에 비해 발열선 주변과 발열판 바닥이 심하게 용융된 특징점을 발견하였으나, 실험의 조건상 바닥재 탄화소실정도에 대한 과열 특징점은 명확히 구분치 못하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

Mural Painting of Koguryo Dynasty. root of Korean traditional pattern. has 5 types of pattern in its 24tombs: Fire pattern. Sun . Moon pattern, Flying angel pattern. Hill.Tree pattern, Holy animal bird Pattern. These patterns had developed specially in 3 regions that are Hwanghae-region, Pyongan-region, Jipan-region. from 4th-7th Century. A lot of fire pattern has found at Pyongan-region in 5th century. The ceiling right above 'Dori' frequently had the pattern. The pattern is organized in 'Kyoho' method. The sun.moon pattern was shown in Pyongan-region in 5th century. '3-leg bird'. representative of sun, and frog, representative of moon. were drawn in the pattern in 6th century, rabbit was added with frog in the pattern. Flying angel pattern had found most in Jipan region in 5th century. The pattern was not found in 4th century. Two types of the pattern are angels playing $$\mu$ical instruments and angels preying. The hill tree pattern was simple, antique, and immature in the beginning. the pattern had developed with real description as a landscape picture after the beginning. this pattern has been categorized as a landscape painting. Holy animal and bird patternn had placed in supporting rock between ceiling and floor with the mean of protection in after life These pattern, which were previously influenced by Chines culture, were developed with a base of Koguryo own tradition and supported establishment of a characterized Koguryo Cloture. This study will be a basic document for modern fashion industry of 21 century.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.141-152
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• 2012

The typical evacuation guidance system based on fire detectors, which is being widely used in theaters and large buildings, is often operated in an analog manner. In case of fire, it often causes the system to lose a wired line or wireless fire detection sensor, resulting in the difficulty of transmitting signals from a wired or wireless fire detection sensor to the main fire monitoring device. Accordingly, this paper has proposed the broadcasting system for disaster management, having an efficient evacuation guidance plan when a disaster occurs. The system reacts to an emergency situation along with fire alarm sirens in real time. We have implemented the above system by means of a simulation program that prints the evacuation guidance information (e.g., location and time of fire, and evacuation path) on an LCD located in a building through the fire sensor network in case of an emergency (e.g., actual fire). We have developed the simulation system by using mathematical algorithms, such as the optimal path search and the fire smoke diffusion algorithm. This simulation program considers the structure of a building and the location where the fire has initially occurred, applying it to the simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2011

현대사회에서 화재에 의한 물적 피해는 물론 인적피해가 현저하게 증가하고 있으며 희생자의 사망원인이 종래에는 화재시 발생한 열에 의한 화상을 중심으로 하는 소사였지만, 최근에는 화염보다 독성가스로 인하여 사망하는 경우가 많아졌고, 희생자는 거의 화상을 확인할 수 없거나 화상자이더라도 혈액 중에서 일산화탄소를 중심으로 한 유독가스가 확인되기 때문에 이들 유독가스의 흡입으로 인하여 행동불능상태 이후 열의 영향으로 사망한 것으로 추정되는 사례가 증가하는 추세이다. 따라서 대규모 건축물에 있어서는 화재발생시 유독가스가 건물 전체로 연소 확대되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 넓은 면적을 일정한 면적으로 구획하거나 계단실 등과 다른 부분 또는 층별 등으로 구획하고 있으며, 국내의 방화구획은 크게 다른 층으로 화재전파를 막기 위한 층간 방화구획, 연소면적을 제한하기 위한 면적별 방화구획, 다른 용도로 인한 화재 위험성 감소를 위해 용도별 방화구획으로 3가지를 법에서 채택하고 있다. 방화구획은 방화문 또는 자동방화셔터를 이용하거나, 내부구조의 바닥, 벽, 각종 방화문으로 구획할 것을 정하고 있다.(피난방화규칙 제14조) 본 연구에서는 철제방화셔터 대체용으로 직물방화셔터용의 실리카 소재를 이용하여 제직한 직물에 내열/차연 기능성 코팅의 공정 조건을 변화하여 최종 방화시험을 거치기 전 내열성 테스트중 하나인 불꽃열 통과량 실험을 실행하여 방화 직물의 내열성을 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 고내열/차연성 방화 제품 기술을 개발하는데 필요한 연구를 수행하는데 목적이 있다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.71-75
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• 2015

Recently, Since buildings are bigger and higher, the damage of human life can be increased by fire flame and smoke in fire. Smoke control system is necessary to decrease this damage. Therefore, Air supply pressurization smoke control system is applied to vestibule of escape stairway. NFSC requires pressure differential of 40 Pa~60 Pa, but pressure differential is over 60 Pa in the field. It is known that the cause of this over pressure differential is much leakage of damper. Over pressure differential can bad effect to escaper by pressurizing the door. Analyze the real leakage of damper by testing for identifying this problems. The result of testing, leakage is $0.090m^3/s{\sim}0.154m^3/s$. It is necessary to limit the leakage of dampers for safe of escapers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2011

모든 공동주택에 적용되고 있는 기존의 피난시설은 고층부분에서 사용의 제한, 세대 간 보안 및 사용자의 제약 등으로 실제 현장에 적용하여 사용하는 되는 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 또한, 이와 관련하여 공동주택의 용도 특성상 조기 피난이 이루어지지 못하는 경우가 빈번하여 화재 때문에 세대 내 출구가 폐쇄되고 재해약자가 사용하는데 어려우며, 화염과 복사열로부터 안전을 해결하기에는 현재 공동주택에서 보편적으로 설치되어있는 완강기로 이러한 문제를 해결하기에는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결할 피난방법이 적용된 피난시설을 제안하고자 한다. "피난대피시설"은 공동주택 발코니 또는 외벽에 콤팩트(compact)하게 접혀 있다가 화재 시 수동 또는 감지기와 연동해 쉽게 작동되어 대피공간 용도와 유사시 자력으로 피난층까지 피난할 수 있는 구조이다. 또한, 화재실과 접하는 부분은 $1,200^{\circ}C$의 복사열을 차단할 수 있는 단열소재로 구성되며 1차적으로는 화재 장소에서 외부 공간으로 일탈한 후에 2차적으로 아래층으로 사다리를 이용하여 피난할 수 있게 되어 있다. 본 연구개발의 주안점은 화재 시화염과 복사열로부터 공간 일탈을 하여 재실자를 보호할 수 있는 대피공간의 개념과 피난시설에서 피난층으로 피난할 수 있는 적극적인 피난방법을 접목한 것이 피난시설 개발의 핵심이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

A characteristic study of aqueous chlorine dioxide generation from sodium chlorite($NaClO_2$) by an undivided electrochemical cell with different anode materials were performed. $IrO_2$-coated Ti, $RuO_2$-coated Ti and DSA were used as anode materials and Pt-coated Ti electrode was used as cathode. Various electrochemical cell operating parameters such as cell residence time($t_R$), initial feed solution pH, sodium chlorite and sodium chloride(NaCl) concentration and applied current for the generation of chlorine dioxide in an un-divided cell were investigated and optimized. Estimated optimal cell residence times in $IrO_2$-coated Ti, $RuO_2$-coated Ti and DSA anode material systems were around 2.27, 1.52 and 1.52 sec, respectively. Observed optimum initial feed solution pH was around 2.3 in all anode material systems. Optimum sodium chlorite concentrations in $IrO_2$-coated Ti, $RuO_2$-coated Ti and DSA anode systems were around 0.43, 0.43 and 0.32 g/L, respectively. Optimum electrolyte concentration and applied current were around 5.85 g/L and 0.6 A in all anode systems. Current efficiencies of $IrO_2$-coated Ti, $RuO_2$-coated Ti and DSA anode systems under optimum conditions were 79.80, 114.70 and 70.99%, respectively. Obtained energy consumptions for the optimum generation of chlorine dioxide were 1.38, 1.03 and $1.61W{\cdot}hr/g-ClO_2$, respectively.