• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 1996

Optical microscopes integrated with CCD cameras are widely used for automatic inspection of precision circuit patterns fabricated on glass masks and silicon wafers. For this application it is important to position the object always is focus so that the image appears in good quality while the microscope scans the object. However, as the magnification of the microscope is taken large for fine resolution the depth of focus becomes small, often in submicron ranges, requiring special care in focusing. This study proposes a new auto-focusing method, which can be readily incorporated in existing optical configuration of microscope. This method is based on optical triangulation using a separate beam of laser and two photodiodes, eliminating focus errors caused by surface roughness and waviness. Experimental results prove that the method can produce focus error signals which are very sensitive with a resolution of 5 nm within 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahl. (Compositae) has been used as an anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer agent in the clinic. Although its antidepressant effect has been reported, however, its cognitive function is not investigated until yet. In the present study, we investigated whether the water extract of T. platycarpum (WETP) could improve cognitive function in cholinergic blockade-induced amnesia mouse model using the passive avoidance or Y-maze task. WETP (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment both in the passive avoidance test and the Y-maze test. In addition, WETP significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity measured by an ex vivo study using the mouse whole brain. These results suggest that WETP alleviates the cognitive dysfunction caused by the cholinergic blockade, in part, via AChE inhibition, and that it may be a useful for treating cognitive dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2011

This paper presents Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy-model-based controller for depth control of autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs). Through sector nonlinearity methodology, The nonlinear AUV is represented by T-S fuzzy model. By using the Lyapunov function, the design condition of controller is derived to guarantee the performance of depth control in the format of linear matrix inequality (LMI). An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.9-27
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• 2021

Floating solar power markets are rapidly growing worldwide. The main policy instrument utilized to expand renewable energy use in foreign countries with many floating solar power installations is Feed-in-Tariffs (FITs). Foreign countries apply FIT to projects that have a secured grid connection, and lately, there has been a change in the direction of introducing or expanding auction systems. Vietnam and Taiwan give higher FIT to floating solar installations than land solar ones, and China, Vietnam, and Taiwan have higher FITs for certain regions. Compared to foreign countries where large-scale floating solar power installations have been installed, Korea has utilized Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) weights for residents' participation are provided additionally under the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). In contrast to Korea, where residents' participation and benefit profit sharing are emphasized, the Netherlands provides opportunities for local residents to participate in floating solar power projects through cooperatives to improve the residents' acceptance.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.40-58
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• 2023

Several offshore wind power conflicts occur due to the problems in which the site selection process led by private operators is improperly managed. To review the institutional improvement measures that solve this problem, domestic and foreign institutions and operational cases were comparatively analyzed, focusing on key actors from the multi-level governance perspective. First, the status of the site selection process in the Republic of Korea, major issues in stakeholder conflicts, and discussions on the planned site system-related laws (draft) were reviewed. Next, the site selection process and relevant cases in Germany, the Netherlands, and Japan were analyzed. In all these countries, site selection is done by the central government. In Germany and the Netherlands, maritime-related ministries establish overall offshore wind power site plans and conduct strategic environmental assessments for these plans. Futhermore, in the process of determining each individual site, extensive site investigation including environmental assessments are conducted. This aspect needs to be supplemented in the discussion on the direction of institutional improvement in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2022

Environmental problems increasingly serious, and sustainability in the fashion industry has become an essential factor. Nowadays, numerous brands are engaging in sustainable fashion activities, such as recycling, vegan, fair trade, etc., which have not been done before. However, there are limited studies about sustainable fashion activities focusing on luxury brands. The purpose of this study is to establish the current status of luxury brands' sustainable fashion activities based on the macro trend of Todeschini et al(2017)'s thesis. This study selected six global luxury fashion brands Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Gucci, Prada, Burberry, and Stella McCartney. Data were collected from the brand's websites and reports, fashion magazines, and Google. As a result of the study, the following adjustments are being implemented; first, efforts are being made to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Second, transparency on working conditions is provided in various ways. Third, luxury brands' awareness of the sharing economy was not opened. Fourth, efforts are being made to develop eco-friendly materials and technologies to minimize wastage. Based on these research results, if applied as basic data for the development of Korean fashion brands and start-up companies, it will help establish directions of sustainable fashion strategies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.593-596
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate normal hepatobiliary functions in healthy miniature pigs. $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ hepatobiliary scintigraphy(HBS) was used for it. Five mCi dose of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ was injected intravenously into 3 healthy adult miniature pigs, and dynamic images were obtained during 1 hour. $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ HBS in a miniature pig was evaluated for 6 variables. A cardiac washout occurred within 1 min in all miniature pigs and radioactivities in the gallbladder were not detected in two miniature pigs. Thus, the initial radioactivity and Tmax of the gallbladder were non-available to identify. Mean Tmax of liver was $8.67{\pm}2.08$ min and initial small intestinal radioactivity was seen at $9.67{\pm}2.52$ min after $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ injection. Mean hepatic washout time was not detected in 60 min dynamic images. Therefore, $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ HBS is the effective diagnostic method to evaluate the function of hepatocyte and bile flow rate. However, it was not a proper method to evaluate the function of gallbladder, which indicates that an additional study is needed to further specify the reasons for the absence of radioactivities in gallbladder of two miniature pigs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.720-729
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• 1998

Immunohistochemical technique of the c-fos primary gene protein, Fos, was used to analyze the effects of external factors on the neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray(PAG) of the intact rats, sham-operated rats and post-operated stress control rats. In addition, the number of Fos positive neurons has been evaluated to verify the effects of cannula implantation and veratridine treatment on the neuronal activities in PAG area. The results were summerized as follow : 1. There was no significant difference in the number of Fos positive neurons observed in the caudal and middle portion of lateroventral PAG from cannula implanted rats and sham operated rats. 2. The number of Fos positive neurons in the PAG was not changed by the stress induced by connection of collecting tube to rats for 12 hours as compared to that of intact rats. 3. In the saline treated group, the Fos immunoreactivity in the PAG did not changed at 30 minutes and 1 hour after saline treatment as compared to that of intact rats. However, the number of Fos positive neurons was significantly increased at 2 hours after treatment compared to that of saline treated rats at 30 minutes after treatment. 4. The Fos immunoreactivity was dramatically increased at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after veratridine treatment as compared to those of saline treated groups. The number of Fos immunoreative neurons showed the maximal level at 2 hours after veratridine treatment. 5. The Fos positive neurons induced by saline and veratridine treatment were mainly distributed in front of the microdialysis window. These results suggest that new microdialysis demonstrated in this study improves efficiency and accuracy to confine the neuronal activity in front of microdialysis window site. Moreover, this directional specificity allows us to locate probe tips adjacent to the brain area of the interest site rather than centering the probes within that brain area. Finally, This microdialysis method can be used to dialyse the neurotransmitters using concious and freely moving rats.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2012

Purpose: Soft tissue defect on posterior side of heel exposing Achilles tendon is vulnerable and require thin flap to improve aesthetic and functional results. Reverse superficial sural artery flap is simple and fast procedure, and it can preserves major arteries, supplies reliable constant blood, causes less donor site complication. Authors reviewed our cases and report the clinical results. Materials and Methods: Nine cases of soft tissue defects on the posterior side of heel exposing Achilles tendon were treated with distally based superficial sural artery flap. There were 6 male and 3 female and mean age was 48.4 years. The size of flap was from $4{\times}4cm$ to $10{\times}15cm$ and mean follow-up period was 23 months. Flap survival, postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: All flaps were survived completely without necrosis. There was one case of partial wound dehiscence that needed debridement and repair, and other one case had recurrent discharge that was healed after removal of calcaneal plate. All patient showed acceptable range of ankle motion. Conclusion: Authors suggest that the reverse superficial sural artery flap could be one of the useful treatment options for the soft tissue defect on posterior side of heel exposing Achilles tendon.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

In the present study is focused on the evaluation of the shrinkage characteristics of mix proportion using viscosity agent for printing. Also, another purpose is to compare the shrinkage properties of the mold cast specimen with the additive manufactured specimen using 3D printing techniques. Viscosity agent makes the shrinkage was reduced by an average of 25% (as of 56 days) compared to the reference mix. The effects of reduced shrinkage were also founded, with a reduction of about 15% (as of 28 days).As a result of evaluating the shrinkage using the additive manufactured specimen and the mold cast specimen prepared by the printing mix, the shrinkage of the additive manufactured specimen was reduced by about 25% (based on 28 days). Based on the results of this study, it is possible to predict the shrinkage rate and the occurrence of cracks due to shrinkage on the printing of cement-based composite materials using 3D printing.