• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Leaf anatomical study of Pinus thunbergii collected from 12 different coastal regions of Korea was conducted to understand the adaptive variation on leaf traits. Basic anatomical features are typical pine needle type with fibrous epidermis, 2-3 layered hypodermis, sunken stomata, monomorphic mesophyll, and well-represented bundle sheath. The bundle sheath surrounds a couple of vascular bundle separated by parenchyma bands. On the basis of their position, the resin ducts are of three types; external, medial and internal of the bundle sheath. The total number of resin ducts in all samples varies from 4 to 12. The stomata were found on stomatal bands throughout the leaf surface. Important dissimilarities observed on P. thunburgii leaf are the number and position of resin ducts and the number of stomata rows in leaf surface.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2009

The lateral meniscus is morphologically more variable than the medial meniscus. An abnormal lateral meniscus also varies with respect to its size, shape and stability, and such variations can occur in any patient of any age. The most common variant is a discoid lateral meniscus. We recently encountered a patient with a discoid lateral meniscus for which the anterior horn of the meniscus was anomalously inserted into the anterior ACL. The patient was forty five years old women who had persistent pain for three to four years without any specific trauma history. She was preoperatively diagnosed as having discoid lateral meniscus by MRI, and was confirmed the presence of the complex tear and anomalous insertion of the anterior horn of the discoid lateral meniscus into the anterior ACL by arthroscopic examination. Arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy was performed and the symptoms were improved after surgery.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2014

Constructed wetlands have widely been employed to improve water quality, but only a few studies have assessed removal efficiencies of cations in pond-type and marsh-type wetlands comparatively. This study conveys removal efficiencies of cations in those types of wetlands. High removal efficiencies of $NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ were observed, which appeared to be related to plant uptake and soil absorption. In contrast, release of $Ca^{2+}$ was distinctive in pond-type wetland of which mechanism is yet to be revealed.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 1986

Electrophoretic method is and morphometric analysis were used to examine genetic and phenetic variation among 16 populations of Rhabdophis tigrina and to clarify the subspecific status of R.t.tigrina and R.t. lateralis in Korea. The degree of genic variation based on 23 presume loci was moderate and was similar to those found for other vertebrates. Interpopulation levels of genic differentiation were slight for all populations studied and overall genetic similarities were =0.970. The number of ventral and subcaudal scales showed clinal variation with increasing tendency in numbers toward south . Discriminant function analysis based on six morphometric characters revealed that there were no morphometric differentiation between two subspecies, therefore it was concluded that they were same taxon and R.t. lateralis (Berthold, 1859) should be treated as synonym of R. t. tigrina(Boie, 1826)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1958

한국산 Genus Vespula THOMSON 으로는 다음 6종이 알려지고 있다. Vespula austpiaca PANZER 삼성말벌 V. germanica flevicets SMITH 해첨배기말벌 V. media RETZIUS 좀말벌 V. koieensis YADOSZKOWSKI 참땅벌 V. rufa L. var. schrenckii RADOSZAKOWSKI 슈렝크말벌 V. vulgaris L. var. Lewisii CAMERON 땅벌 상기종중에서 V. austriaca, V. rufa, V. vulgaris의 종간은 각지에서 채집된 기록이 있으나 나머지 것은 한국에 산한다고만 되어있다. 채집된 상기 3종은 형태초적으로는 거의 비슷하고 반문 만을 달리하니 그 반문의 변이를 조사하는 것은 중대한 의의를 가진다. 필자는 서울 근교우이동에서 밤을 이용하여 8개의 벌집속 벌을 모조리 채집하여 그 중 2 벌집의 개체만에 관하여 그 변이를 조사한 결과를 제1보로 여기에 발표한다. 한 벌집 속 개체수는 726과 661 이었고 다라서 총개체수 1337 마리를 조사한 결과 상당히 심히 문반변이가 잇음을 알었고 더우기 V. austriaca, V. rufa, V. koreensis 와 V. vulgaris 간의 반문차는 동일종내의 변이에 불과함을 알게 되었다. 따라서, V. austriaca, V. rufa, V. koreensis는 V. vulgaris 의 synonym 임을 밝히는 바이다. 본연구에 있어서 귀중한 교\ulcorner을 빌려주신 고대이과부장 조복의교수와 재료의 채집과 조사에 협력해준 고대생물학과생 김원임, 이경\ulcorner, 이병준, 이동\ulcorner \ulcorner군에게 감사를 표하는 바이다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2011

Characteristics of leaf morphology was examined in 11 natural populations of Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi in Korea. Nested Anova showed that there were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in all 14 quantitative characters. In all the leaf characters, variance components among individuals within populations were higher than those among populations. Some morphological characters such as the ration of Blade length to Petiole length (0.90), Uower lobe width (0.85), Blade length (0.83), and Middle lobe width (0.83) showed the relative high differences in the values of differentiation (Dij) among populations. Of the ten populations, Gwangyang (1.36) and Cheongyang (1.30) were highly differentiated based on the total mean Dij of fourteen morphological characters, while Ulju (0.30) and Jeongseon (0.44) were scarcely differentiated.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-170
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• 1993

Morphometric, band-pattern and electrophoretic analysis on Cobitis taenia complex were performed to investigate the morphological and genetic differentiation and to clarify their taxonomic status. Intermediate types of band-pattern (C and D type) were more frequently expressed than that of types of C. t. taenia(type A) and C. t. lutheri (type B). Sexual dimorphism of band-pattern was observed not only in C. t. taenia(type A) and C. t. lutheri(type B). Sexual dimorphism of band-pattern was observed not only in C. t. lutheri but also in C. t. taenia and C. t. striata as well. Discriminant function analysis based on 19 morphological characters shows no significant differences among C. taenia complex. The degree of genic variation of C. t. striata was higher ( =1.48, P=31.2%, HD=0.009) than those of C. t. striata was higher( =1.48, P=31.2%, HD=0.082 and HG=0.009) than those of C. t. lutheri ( =1.37, P=2.7%, HD=0.058 and HG=0.065). The average genetic similarities between C. t. lutheri and C. t. taenia-C. t. striata were S=0.62 and S=0.66 respectively and these values indicate that C. t. tanenia has evolved specific level of differentiation. C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri show subspecifc level of close genetic similarity (S=0.82). Based on the divergent time estimate (Nei, 1975) it is assumed that C. t. tanenia was branched off from the other subspecies about two million years before present (MYBP) and C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri were differentiated about 0.6 MYBP. The use of C. sinesis an the scientific name for the Korean C. t. taenia, proposed by Kim and Lee (1988) seems incorrect since they are quite different in the structure of lamina circularis (Vladycov, 1935), the external morphology and distribution (Cheng and Zheng, 1987) and the chromosome number(Yu et al., 1989). Kim and Lee(1988) also argued that C.t. striata and C. t. lutheri should be treated as distinct species but the present study and other reports (Kim and Lee, 1984; Kim and Yang, 1993) do not support it. We conclude that C. t. taenia is a good species and C. t. striata and C. t. lutheri are subspecific status. Their scientific names should be revised in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the genetic relationship of three Aloe spp. cultivated in Korea, A. saponaria, A. vera and A. arborescens and a new variant in Korea based on three plastid (matK, trnL-F, rbcL) and one nuclear (ITS regions) DNA barcode markers. A total of 2,420 bp sequence was amplified. Two indels were detected in the trnL region, and also several species specific nucleotide loci were detected in all 29 parsimonious informative sites, and 148 variable sites were detected among four taxa studied while 170 variable and 75 parsimonious sites were detected when other Aloe spp. in worldwide were used. An UPGMA phenogram with 10,000 bootstrap replication showed that the new variant was closest to A. vera. The variant was not morphologically and genetically concurrent with any reported species so far. The clustering of Aloe species were broadly in agreement with previously reported results.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2007

The aim of statistics education is to enhance statistical thinking. Variability is the key components of statistical thinking. The research has been reviewed preceding research about variability of data. Proceeding from what has been considered above, this research developed learning materials that investigated the concept of variability as it relates to Freudenthal's context by having students sort a particular context. The research is executed the case study evidently aimed at Junior High School 3rd Grade Student's Understanding of Variability. The study of variability in data can be an important start to reach a testing of statistical hypothesis; students reduce data and draw graphs by relating probability distribution to relative frequency and normal distribution. Thus, this study offers basic materials into developing both contents and methods of education need to consider with this sense of purpose held by students to achieve this goal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1979

The morphological differences of pollen of genus Weigela in Korea were examined at different dates and localities, and following results were obtained : 1. Variations in pollen size were distinct among the four species examined. Pollen sizes of W. florida being the largest and W subsessilis the smallest. 2. The same species showed difference in pollen sizes at different dates and localities, and pollen size of W subsessilis which was collected in autumn was the smallest. 3. Variation in the P : E index was relatively small in each collection, the shapes of W. subsessilis and W. hortensis being suboblate and those of W. florida and W. praecox spheroidal. 4. Pollens of four species In Mt. Gyeryong had three porate, but W. subsessilis in Mts. Kwanak and Bomun had four.