• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.323-339
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• 2010

The complexity of embedded systems and the effort to develop them has been rising in proportion with their importance. Also, the heterogeneity of the hardware and software parts in embedded systems makes it more challenging to develop. Errors caused by hardware/software interfaces, especially, account for up to 13 percent of failures with an increasing trend. Therefore, verifying the interface between hardware and software in embedded system is one of the most important research areas. However, current approaches such as co-simulation method and model checking have explicit limitations. In this paper, we propose the synthesizable interface co-verification framework for hardware/software co-design. Firstly, we introduce the separate interface specifications for the heterogeneous components to describe hardware design and software design. Our specifications are expressive enough to describe both. We also provide the transformation rules from the software specification to the hardware specification so that the whole system can be described from the software view. Secondly, we address the solution of verifying the interface of the software and hardware design by adopting and extending existing verification-techniques and extending them. In hardware interface verification, we exploit the model checking technique and provide more efficient verification by closing the hardware design from the assumption of the software behavior which is ensured by software verification step. Lastly, we generate the interface codes such as device APIs, device driver, and device controller from the specification so that verified hardware and software codes can be synthesized without extra efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.568-577
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• 2015

To protect skin problems, new natural material alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been extensively selected from natural sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Poncirus trifoliata of those has been widely used as treatment of allergy, chronic inflammatory diseases, and natural antioxidant. In recent days, microbial fermentation to natural products has been reported to increase feasibly their bioavailability. Accordingly, we performed the fermentation using hot water extract of Poncirus trifoliata by isolated Leuconostocs sp. strain JYK and investigated the change of antioxidative activity. Antioxidative material such as hesperidine naringine, imperatorin, and luteolin was found in hot water extract of Poncirus trifoliata. Total phenolics compounds and flavoniods in hot water extract were $71.2{\pm}4.58GAE(mg/g)$ and $25.1{\pm}4.12$ hesperidine(mg/g), respectively. After fermentation, their values were $89.2{\pm}13.47GAE(mg/g)$ and $31.0{\pm}4.06$ hesperidine(mg/g), respectively. After fermentation, ABTS[2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical were highly enhanced from $70.2{\pm}9.01$ to $86.2{\pm}3.72$ and $18.7{\pm}1.81$ to $26.6{\pm}4.06$, respectively. Thus microbial fermentation offers a tool to further increase the bioactive potential of Poncirus trifoliata.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

The aluminum dross is oxide generated on the surface of the molten metal during the aluminum melting process and it is divided into white dross and black dross according to presence of the Salt flux. White dross has high metal content and is recycled via the melting process. Black dross is largely berried, because the it has a low metal content and difficulty in separating the components. Black dross contains a salt components such as NaCl and KCl, and inorganic materials such as $Al_2O_3$ and MgO, and it is necessary to study the technology to recover and recycle such valuable resources. In this study, a process for recycling aluminum black dross was proposed. The inorganic and soluble substances present in the black dross were separated through crushing-dissolution-solid/liquid separation-decompression evaporating. By controlling the ratio of water and black dross, the recovery condition of the separated product was optimized and we confirmed the highest Salt flux recovery efficiency 91 wt.% at black dross:water ratio 1:9. Finally, Through the synthesis of zeolite using recovered ceramic material, the materialization possibility of black dross was confirmed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the whitening and anti-oxidant activity of 37 Jeju island native plants. The active ingredients of the plants were prepared by methanol extraction. Whitening activity of plant extracts was examined from the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and the inhibition of melanin synthesis of the B16-F1 cell line. Their anti-oxidant activity was measured by electron donating ability of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity in V79-4 lung fibroblast cells using DCF-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate). Cytotoxicity of the extracts on cell s based experiments was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Also, the toxicity test using a rabbit and the human skin patch test were carried out for examining the safety of the extracts which showed the high whitening activity. It is interesting that the extracts of Lespedeza cuneata, Ligustrum lucidum (stem), Morus bombycis (stem) and Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina showed both potent whitening and anti-oxidant activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

무순에는 비타민 C가 많이 들어 있어 겨울철 비타민 공급원뿐만 아니라 디아스타제라는 효소가 들어 있어 소화를 촉진시키는 역할을 한다. 그 외에도 거담제 및 건위제 작용을 하고 음주로 인한 토혈해소, 천식에도 좋아 약용하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 이용가치는 적지만 농가 소득증대에 기여 할 수 있으며 소화를 촉진시키는 무순, 또는 무싹기름이라고 일컬어지는 무순을 추출용매에 따라 생리활성 효과 분석하고 영양학적 가치가 가장 높은 시기의 무순을 선택함으로써 올바른 섭취의 기초자료를 마련하고 그 기능성을 확인하여 기능성 식품소재 및 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 활용을 검토하고자 하고자 한다. 무순을 4일, 8일, 12일에 따라 incubator에 배양하여 시기별로 채취하여 동결건조 한 후 70% Ethanol, 80% Methanol, 75% acetone, 열수로 환류 추출한 후 시료로 사용하였다. 각 용매 추출물에 대해 DPPH free radical 소거능 실험에서는 acetone 추출물에서 89.18%로 가장 높은 전자공여능을 나타냈으며 각각의 추출용매에서 성장 4일과 12일의 무순에서 높은 전자공여능을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능에서는 pH 1.2의 조건에서 가장 높은 아질산염 소거능을 보였고, 열수 추출물에서 89.70%로 가장 높은 소거능을 보였다. pH 4.2조건에서는 열수추출물의 소거능이 가장 좋았고, pH 6.0 조건에서는 가장 낮은 소거능을 보였으며, Ethanol 과 Methanol 추출물에서 23.55∼37.41%의 소거능을 보였다. SOD유사활성은 성장 8일에서 모두 낮은 활성을 보였으며, 성장 4일과 성장 12일의 무순에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, Methanol 추출물중 성장 12일에서 27.41%의 SOD유사활성을 보였다.ic acid는 28.8∼51.7 mg%, 미강에서 321.4∼438.4 mg% 범위로 나타났다. 현미, 백미 및 미강에 함유된 총 폴리페놀의 함량을 표준 페놀화합물로 카테친을 사용하고 비색법에 의하여 측정하였을 때 오대 현미의 폴리페놀 함량은 78.4 mg%, 남평 현미 88.8 mg% 였다. 도정한 백미 중의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 30.3∼56.9 mg%, 미강이 541.5∼472.6 mg%의 범위였다. 이상과 같이 쌀에는 phenolic acid 및 총 폴리페놀이 상당량 함유되어 있으며 특히 배유보다는 강층에 많이 존재하므로 이들 성분의 효율적인 이용을 위한 쌀의 섭취방안이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 백편의 조직감은 Compression force 와 Work ratio로 대치할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다. 수분함량은 기계적 검사보다 관능검사와 더욱 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다.내었다. 항균활성이 우수한 생약재를 농도별로 활성을 조사한 결과, 물 추출물과 10% Ethanol 추출물 모두 낮은 농도에서도 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다.취와 함께 점질성 갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elem

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2011

도로소음은 다양한 소음원에 의해 발생하며, 도로를 이용하는 사람과 도로 주변사람에게 큰 불편을 초래한다. 보다 쾌적한 환경을 원하는 현대인에게 있어 도로 소음의 경감은 중요한 환경 공해로 작용한다. 도로 소음을 줄이기 위해서는 여러 가지 방법이 있을 수 있으며, 이 중 도로 포장의 개선을 통해 도로 소음을 경감할 수 있으며, 이와 같은 포장을 저소음 포장이라고 한다. 저소음 포장은 주행하는 차량의 타이어와 노면이 마찰하면서 발생하는 소음을 최소화하기 위한 것으로 소음 발생의 메커니즘을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 저소음 포장중 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 방법은 공극을 늘리는 것이다. 약 20%의 공극은 타이어와 노면 사이의 에어펌핑음을 최소화 하며, 소리를 흡수하는 역할로 약 3dB의 소음 가소 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 소음을 감소시키는 또 하나의 방법은 노면의 표면 조직을 매끈하게 하여 타이어와 노면의 충격음을 줄이는 방법이다. 노면의 평탄성을 개선하기 위해 포장에 사용되는 골재의 최대크기를 줄이는 소입경 포장을 소음 가소의 목적으로 유럽 등지에서 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 저소음 기능을 위해 공극률을 크게 하고 소입경 골재를 사용하는 소입경 저소음 포장의 현장 적용을 위한 배합 설계를 수행하였다. 소입경 저소음 포장의 최대 골재 크기는 현장 적용성과 경제성을 고려하여 10mm 골재를 사용하였으며, 수도권에서 입수한 4곳의 산지 골재를 분석하여 골재 합성 입도를 산정하였다. 10mm 저소음 포장의 골재 입도 범위는 공극률 15~18%를 목표로 하며, 이를 만족하기 위하여 배합 설계를 수행한 결과 5mm 통과 중량 백분율이 약 30%로 하는 개립도가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 공극이 증가함에 따라 포장의 내구성 향상을 위해 사용된 고점도 바인더는 아스팔트 혼합물의 생산 및 시공온도를 증가시키게 된다. 또한 굵은골재의 비율이 높은 개립도 아스팔트 혼합물의 경우 운반과정과 포설 과정에서 온도가 빨리 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 중온 첨가제의 사용을 통해 생산 및 다짐온도를 낮추고자 하였다. 소입경 저소음 포장의 배합설계 과정은 배수성 포장의 배합설계 과정과 유사하나, 칸타브로 손실률과 흐름실험의 변곡점을 기준으로 할 경우, 칸타브로 손실률과 흐름 손실률이 매우 작아 변곡점을 판단하기 어렵기 때문에 칸타브로 손실률과 흐름 손실률의 기준 만족 여부로 판별하고, 최적 아스팔트 함량은 공극률을 기준으로 산정하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 중온 첨가제를 사용할 경우는 중온 첨가제로 인한 점도의 변화를 감안하여 혼합 및 다짐 온도를 결정하고 배합 설계를 수행하며, 중온 첨가제의 특성과 양에 따라 최적 아스팔트 함량이 변화하게 된다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2012

In order to inhibit the growth of pathogens and degrade biogenic amines during the fermentation of soybean products, an isolate with antimicrobial activity against pathogens and biogenic amine-degrading property was obtained from 83 traditionally fermented soybean products. The morphological and biochemical tests and the phylogenetic relationship among 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate named as the strain SCK B11 was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis. The cell-free supernatant of two day cultures was active against several pathogens including Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytosis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. PCR analysis was conducted to determine relatedness to antimicrobial lantibiotics and biosurfactants produced by Bacillus spp., but showed negative for the genes encoding surfactin, lichenysin, and lichenicidine. Electron microscopic observation indicated that the antimicrobial agent seemed to attack the membrane of the pathogens, leaving the ghost or shrunken cells. The strain was found to degrade histamine by 72% and tyramine by 66% in the cooked soybean containing 5.3% of biogenic amine over 10 days of fermentation time. The use of selected strain would be a potential control measure in manufacturing traditionally fermented soybean products that are difficult to control pathogens and biogenic amine levels.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.454-462
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• 1997

Thermotropic block copolyester(TLCP-b-PBN) based on poly(tetramethylene 2,6-(naphthaloyldioxy)dibenzoates)(TLCP) and poly(butylene 2,6-naphthalate)(PBN) was synthesized by solution polycondensation and melt-blended with poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)(PEN) for in-situ composites. The TLCP domains showed nematic behavior in melt. The composition of block copolymer was determined from $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy. The DSC thermogram of block copolymer revealed the presence of two major melting transitions, corresponding to the separete melting of PBN and TLCP domains. The glass transition temperature(Tg) of the PEN in the blends decreased with increasing the content of TLCP-b-PBN and the TLCP-b-PBN acted as a nucleating agent for the matrix polymers. In the 20% TLCP-b-PBN blend, well oriented TLCP fibriles were observed at temperature above the melting point of the PEN by optical microscopy. By scanning electron micrographs of cryogenically fractured surfaces of extruded blends, the TLCp domains were found to be finely and uniformely dispersed in 0.15 to $0.2{\mu}m$ size. Interfacial adhesion between the TLCP and matrix polymer was seemed to be good. Under certain condition TLCP formed a fiver structure in the PEN matrix, with thin oriented TLCP fibril in the skin region and spherical TLCP domains in the core.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 2007

Extraction characteristics of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and the functional properties of the corresponding extracts were monitored by the response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction yield of 38.83% was obtained under the specific extraction conditions, such as microwave power of 126.68 W, ethanol concentration of 53.39% and extraction time of 8.15 min. The maximum electron donating ability (EDA) was found as 77.92% at the conditions of 58.25 W microwave power, 91.87% ethanol concentration and 5.54 min extraction time. The maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 79.39% at 106.08 W, 2.06% and 5.61 min. The maximum polyphenol content was 105.59% under the extraction conditions of 81.82 W, 99.52% and 4.06 min. Based on superimposition of four dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield and electron donating ability and polyphenol content obtained under the various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be microwave power of $0{\sim}80\;W$, ethanol concentration of $0{\sim}40%$ and extraction time of $3{\sim}7$ min.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

In the conventional load transfer analysis for a steel pipe drilled shaft, it was assumed that the concrete's strain is the same as the measured steel's strain and the elastic modulus of the steel and the concrete calculated by the formular as prescribed by specification is used in the calculation of pile axial load. But, the pile axial load calculation by conventional method differed to some extent from the actual pile load. So, the behavior of a steel pipe drilled shaft could not be analyzed exactly. Thus, the necessity to measure the strain for each pile component was proposed. In this study, a new approach for load transfer measurement of large diameter drilled shafts was suggested ; the strain of each pile component(i. e., steel and concrete) was measured by DRS(Deformable Rod Sensor), the elastic modulus was determined by the uniaxial compression test for concrete specimens made at test site and a value of elastic modulus was evaluated as average tangential modulus corresponding to the stress level of the (0.2-0.6)$f_{ck}$. Field application was confirmed by the results of load transfer measurement tests for 3 drilled shafts. The errors for calculated pile head load were -11 ∼16% and 3.4% separately.