• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.735-754
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• 2012

Korean society in the 2000 has experienced new many social and spatial issues such as the process of neoliberalism and changes in urban and spatial policies, the development of information and communication technology and reconfiguration of informational social space, radically increasing foreign immigrants and transformation to multicultural society, global warming and environmental injustice, and these new issues have promoted development of social geography in Korea. In addition to a review on them, this paper provides a review on empirical researches on traditional issues which have been dealt with in social geography in the 2000 in Korea. Even though there have been numerous sub-issues, they can be divided into two categories: one is urban and communal social geography including urban housing and residential segregation, urban social problems such as poverty, crime, education, health care, social welfare, urban and rural community building, identity, sense of place, and social movement; the other is social geography of population and migration, including population movement, aged society and social welfare for elderly people, and foreign immigrants and formation of multicultural social space. As some difficult conditions such as path-dependent process of neoliberalism, transformation toward informational, aged, and multicultural society would continue, so social geography in Korea to tackle with these external conditions should deepen its theoretical insights and widen its research issues.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-20
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• 2022

The origins of the world-recognized Korean gat can be traced back to Gojoseon, and the jades for the sangtu and gwanja come from Hongshan culture. This study examines the etymology of the hat, the symbolism of the gat and the jade comb, and the history of the development of the accessories for the hat. The research methods of literature review, investigation of relics and murals, and analysis of cases of pronunciation changes were used. Most of the relics excavated from the Hongshan are identical to those excavated from Korea. The Byun-Khan people wore a triangle-shaped conical hat (the byun), which was shaped to fit the protruding sangtu hairstyle, with a foldable brim that, if pulled downward, changed the hat to a gat. The Chu sangtu, a pointed top-knot hairstyle, is uniquely found among Northeast Asian peoples, and it is an ethnic symbol for Koreans. Until the modern period, many Koreans wore their hair in the sangtu style, indicating their descent from the sky. Jade combs shaped like birds and clouds from the Hongshan period emphasized the religious nature and ceremony of hair styling at that period. The word hat is widely used to refer to gat all over the world. The pronunciation of ㄱg, ㅎh. and ㅋq/kh are closely related to each other, and the ancient pronunciation ㄱg gradually evolved to ㅎh or ㅋq/kh. The English 'Hat' and Korean 'Gat' were transformed from the middle-ancient sound 'gasa > gosa > got' of the crown 'gwan, gokkal'. This creative hair style culture that started from the Hongshan culture continued to be fashionable during the Gojoseon Dangun period, and the decoration techniques for hats and accessories were inherited over time and continuously developed. Along with the method of making gat, creative hair-related parts, such as manggeons, donggot pins, gwanja buttons, and fine combs were developed over the course of a thousand years.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.751-781
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• 2018

Task of circling the pagoda of Waljeongsa(Woljeongsa Tabdori) is the major intangible cultural heritage with representativeness and historical meaning as a Buddhism culture, one of the Buddhism folk plays, which was firstly played after the liberation. Woljeongsa Tabdori holds significant designation importance in terms of Buddhism folklore heritage with Korean unique tradition and identity of Gangwon-do province. Temples are demonstrating Tabdori nationwide but Woljeongsa Tabdori is the unique case that systematically inherits the culture based on the designation of being intangible cultural heritage. That is why it is needed to focus on the cultural and internal value of Woljeongsa Tabdori. Tabdori is the integrated symbol of Buddhism respect and worship to the Buddha and pagoda. It is hard to presume the originality of Woljeongsa Tabdori: given the history of Woljeonsa temple, it lies into Goguryeo traditional play and Bokhui(Pagoda circling folk play) in Silla era. It fits into the courtesy of Circumambulating Stupa considering Moon in Goguryo mural, background of Odaesan Hwaeom thought/tripitaka and essence of Octagonal 9-story stone pagoda. At the first stage of Tabdori, Buddhist musical instruments such as Buddhism temple bell, singing bowl, cloud-shaped gong and wooden-fish. However, later, Samhyeon Yukgak has been added and then, Boyeom and Bakpaljeongjinga were singing: it could be interpreted that it was a pure Buddhist ceremony but it has become to have traditional aspect and been spread to the public. The origin of Woljeongsa Tabdori is related to the explanation of Circumambulating Stupa that experiences the glory of the ending ceremony. When a temple has a rite, the Buddhists make an offering to the Buddha. At that time, Buddhist prayer, sermon and chant are followed. After the rite, the Buddhists are circling the pagoda with the monks while praying for Buddhist charity and making their own wishes. It prays not only going after death to Nirvana of the one but also national prosperity and the welfare of the people for peaceful reign. As the temple holds bigger rites, many Buddhists gather and the Tabdori was a success. The scene of circling the pagoda and making own wishes in line with the Buddhist sermon was solemn. The idea on changes and convergence of Woljeongsa Tabdori requires strategic inheritance to promote the transmission while maintaining the paragon and purpose of designating the cultural heritage and reviving its identity. Korean Tabdori was held in Buddha's birthday in April and the mid-autumn day. Tabdori is a memorial service type Buddhist ceremony that once the monk holds the Buddhist rosary, circles the pagoda and sings the great mind and charity of the Buddha, Buddhists follow the step, lighting the lantern, circling the pagoda and praying for the gentle and easy death. Transmission education of the successor, diversified approach of the expert's advice and discourse on the revival of the origin should be reinforced in phases.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.243-253
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• 2019

Geyonggi-geommu have developed based on the long history of Korean sword dance. Han Sung-joon, the great master of modern music and dance of Korea during the Japanese colonial period, collected and reconstructed folk dances that had disappeared or were cut off due to the policy to obliterate Korean culture through Chosun Music Dance Research Society. Since then, it has been passed down to Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee that has designated as the Intangible Cultural Property No. 53. of Geyonggi-do in 2011. This study focuses on highlighting the uniqueness of Geyonggi-geommu for proper modeling and transmission of Geyonggi-geommu with historical significance so as to understand and preserve the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This study examines the transmission system of Geyonggi-geommu, followed by Kang Sun-young and Kim Geun-hee, originated by the master Han Sung-Joon of Geyonggi-geommu. Geyonggi-geommu has its uniqueness of using the pure Korean dance terminology established by the holder Kim Geun-hee at the time of designation of intangible cultural properties in Gyeonggi-do. The unique features of Geyonggi-geommu are performed and transmitted in two forms, Daemu(Group dance) and Holchum(Solo dance) which are not currently found in other regions. This is meaningful to passed down according to the original form of Geommu(Sword dance). In particular, the Holchum(Solo dance) is a form of artistic dance, showing the beauty of the sword dance during the Chosun Dynasty. In short, Gyeonggi-geommu can be described as an artistic dance with a soft and strong temperament considering its unique features.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.226-256
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• 2023

Gyeongju has been the capital of Silla Kingdom for about 1,000 years, and many cultural heritages of the Silla period, such as the Wolseong Palace Site, Daereungwon Ancient Tomb Complex and Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, are located in the city. Due to these characteristics, the process of heritagization has been carried out in Gyeongju from the Japanese colonial era to after liberation. Heritagization means selecting things from the past due to the needs of the present and making them heritages. In the case of South Korea, national government-led heritagization was achieved during the Japanese colonial period, and after liberation because of the restoration of national culture and the construction of a national identity. Gyeongju is a representative example. On the other hand, Gyeongju's heritagization process was carried out with little consideration of the local community, and thus the local community and Gyeongju's heritage have been distancing. In 2002, Gyeongju's heritage sites were nominated as World Heritage Sites. With the nomination, the perception of the role of local communities in heritage has been changed, and institutional mechanisms to promote the participation of local communities have been continuously reorganized. However, Gyeongju's heritagization process, which was thoroughly conducted through the central government and expert groups, was the reason why Gyeongju residents actually thought Gyeongju's heritage and the locality of Gyeongju were formed through the central government and expert groups. This has been the result of Gyeongju residents' passive participation in heritagization or heritage management to date. This study analyzed the heritagization process of Gyeongju through literature research and conducted an interview survey of residents who have lived in Gyeongju for a long time to understand the impact of the institutional heritagization process on residents and the relationship with heritage. Based on the analysis results, it was suggested that local residents and communities could take the initiative in managing the heritage of Gyeongju.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.154-163
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• 2018

The research object is Huayan Street, which is located in Datong City of Shanxi Province in Northern China. And it's detailedly seated to the east of the Huayan Temple. This street is a multicultural area which covers religious and business culture, along with other kinds of civilization since ancient time. The purpose of this research is to restore the historical and cultural tradition, improving the economic development. This research will use the theory of narrative to analyze the public design of Huayan Street. It's present the new design concept to reflect the cultural story of this region. First of all, the cultural stories of Huayan Street were explored and collected by introducing the history. Secondly, the drawbacks of public design of this street were found out by analyzing the current situation in Huayan Street At the end of this paper, a design solution was proposed according to the history and culture with story-telling methods from narratology which depart the street into four scenes opening, developing, changing and concluding. The innovation point of this research is apply humanism into the public design of Huayan Street and rebuild the image of Huayan Street.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.170-183
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• 2002

Recently it is supposed to be a shift to regional geography. To understand the emergence of the new regional geography, It must be remarked that the progress of capitalist production and consumption change our conceptional apparatus such as representation of space. Region is one of the important mode of representations of space and time. In the Fordist capitalism of 20th century, development is regarded as diffusion of capitalist expansion of western worlds. State must support capitalist growth through regional policies which include constructing of infrastructure and regionalization of spatial division of labour. The regional development theories contributed as ideology and policy tools for state intervention. The region was simply one of the most logical classification tools of organizing geographical informations. In the theories of regional development, the concept of region was reduced to the formal unit of classification. As the transition from Fordism to flexible accumulation, the region is again acquiring its 'identity' and 'authenticity'. In this tendency of the revival of region, it is expected that good achievement could be made in the field of regional geography through relevant research methods. It is also believed one of the available means are historical approaches to the cultural and ecological regions. The historical approaches to cultural and ecological regions are not only correspondent with cultural development strategies of local governments, but also could convey regional identities through both narrativization of place and aestheticization of landscape.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-129
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• 2007

One of the most enduring concepts in the history of marketing thought relates to the classification of consumer goods. The product classification theory first proposed by Copeland(1923) has, with little modification, survived to the present day, and continues to be endorsed by the American Marketing Association and other related institutions some 80 years after it was first published. In truth, Copeland's classification is now outdated and bears little, if any, relevance to modern product advertising, retailing and consumption. In particular, it can not accommodate the fact that, in modern societies, consumer preoccupations with style, personal identity and status have meant that the social characteristics of goods, heavily promoted by brand managers who understand their markets, are key determinants of consumer choice and buyer behavior. In this respect, the author attempted to explore the reasons why product classification theory has been unresponsive to changes in market conditions over so many years and argue that its failure to embrace the many social influences on consumption and on consumer behavior is now its most serious weakness. And also, the author proposed the new categorization system of goods, based on the several existing literatures.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.341-362
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a STEAM education model on the basis of mathematics curriculum using real life context, and to analyze the effect of the class based on developed model to make applicable pedagogical discussion. For this purpose, STEAM class materials that can be used in terms of recognition, connection, extension, and application of mathematical concepts, principles and laws are considered, taking into consideration the ways in which real life contexts and mathematical learning could be harmonized. As a results of using these materials, it was empirically confirmed that students' cognitive thinking and affective aspects abilities were improved. The STEAM instruction centered on the mathematics curriculum and the mathematics class based on the data developed in this study have a unique identity compared to the conventional general mathematics teaching methods using the textbooks. And it is pursuing the future class model which could present desirable creativity and personality education. The result of this study would provide preliminary data and meaningful implications to the researchers for next curriculum and concomitant instructional materials as well as the mathematics teachers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2010

This dissertation is considered a historic generation that Chinese film $6^{th}$ director remembers through their life. Also it is figured out historic anguish and hurt how it was remembered and appeared in film. They have made actual films through their efforts which are different from the conventional generation. In addition, between memory and oblivion the time's signification in the history is showed how what way can be represented. It was presented the time's anguish through memory's metaphor in Chinese film $6^{th}$ works. Also, it was shown the existence's reality from dream was losing as memory was hiding between desire and despair. Additionally, the self of daily was expressed to unconcernedly accept reality, and its against the unchangeable world's eye and memory. The $6^{th}'s$ films' desire was expressed passive appearance to accept reality with losing dream in these three things; cannot be reality in the process to figure out own natural character, and appearance to keep traditional character, finally gradually changing reality. When $6^{th}$ directors analysis the history as memory, social repression follows family's repression, family's repression brings personal repression, and then repression changes to desire, finally the life as a reaction could be maintained. In conclusion, personal desire was covered for fantasy, and the overcoming figure was represented. Moreover, Chinese face that $6^{th}$ directors have memorized was presented through these sentiments.