• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2006

This study conducts a questionnaire survey of 492 middle school students in Jeju islands about the rate of using glasses/contact lens, the place and time of visual acuity test, the period of changing the glasses, the purchase price, the mason to change the glasses, the interrelationship between wearing spectacles and residential district, etc. The results are as follows: 1. 45.33% of the object of investigation use the glasses or contact lens to correct their visual acuity. Among them, the student who wears only glasses is 93.27%, the student who wears glasses and contact lens together is 5.83%, the student who wears only contact lens is 0.90%. 2. As for the period of changing his(her) glasses, below 6 month is 20.18%, from 6 month to one year is 52.02%, from one year to two years is 20.18% and more than two years is 7.62%. 3. As for the purchase price to change his(her) glasses, below 30,000won is 13.45%, from 30,000won to 50,000won is 43.50%, from 50,000won to 70,000won is 23.77%, from 70,000won to 100,000won is 15.25% and more than 100,000won is 4.03%. 4. As for the reason of changing his(her) glasses, cause of change of visual acuity is 55.16%, by broken frame and lens is 27.35%, as want to just change his(her) spectacles is 14.80% and as the others is 2.69%. 5. As for the relative importance in purchasing glasses, the student who thinks more frame is 16.59%, the student who thinks more lens is 67% and the student who thinks both frame and lens is 58.74%. 6. As for the frist time of visual acuity test, 1 grade of elementary school is 37.2%, 3 grade of elementary school is 12.56%, 4 grade of elementary school is 11.66% and 6 grade of elementary school is 11.66%. 7. As for the place of visual acuity test to determine the Dptr. of glasses which wear now, opitican's shop is 57.85% and ophthalmic clinic is 42.15%. 8. As for the frist time of wearing the glasses or contact lens for correct his(her) visual acuity, the most of answer(21.97%) is at 6 grade of elementary school. 9. As for the reason why does not wear the glasses or contact lens though his(her) naked binocular vision is below 0.8, as does not feel any difficulty in daily life is 62.5%, as know that the more wear, the more decrease his(her) visual acuity is 15.65%, by economical circumstance is 6.24% and as not good externally is 15.63%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate foodservice hygiene in middle school students by analyzing the importance and performance of school foodservice by meal service area in Busan. Questionnaires were administered to 826 students in 10 middle schools (five schools for classroom service, five schools for dining room service). The average importance and performance scores were 4.11/5.00 and 3.38/5.00 for classroom service and 4.34/5.00 and 3.89/5.00 for dining room service. Dining room service had significantly (P<0.001) higher average scores importance and performance of food hygiene, environment hygiene, equipment hygiene, and employee hygiene than those of classroom service. The gap average score of dining room service was significantly (P<0.001) lower than those of classroom service. In the importance-performance analysis, 'cleanliness of tray' showed high importance and low performance for classroom service and dining room service. Areas of low importance and low performance were 'tray drying', 'cleanliness of employee' clothes', 'wearing sanitary gown, cap', 'wearing sanitary mask', and 'wearing sanitary gloves' for the classroom service, whereas 'tray drying', 'comfortable atmosphere in diningroom', 'well ventilated', 'no odor of the food in classroom', and 'cleanliness around rubbish bins' were relevant for dining room service. These findings suggest that employee hygiene management should be intensively managed for classroom service, and equipment hygiene management must be improved for classroom service and dining room service, especially cleanliness of tray. Meal service places should be changed to the dining room with support the government and private sector.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.323-337
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• 2006

This thesis aims to study Change of the Land Use in Yanji city since the reformation and opening of China in the Connection with Urbanization Process. This study is based on Landsat image and maps and data related to topography, urban planning basic, the cadastral map were employed. Softwares such as Arcview3.3, ArcGis8.0 were used. The result of the research is as follows. It clearly appears that there have decreased in the ratio of agricultural areas since the increase in other urban usage of land. There has greatly increased in residential, commercial and industrial areas. Such as the capitalist and market economic city the highest point of city land price emerged in downtown of the old city center. In addition spatial pattern of land price is unusually quite different from the western city in its pattern of land price surface declining tendency between the highest land price and the lowest land price. The land price surface shows irregular patterns with increase of distance from downtown due to various urban developments. According to the land price distribution map, it is possible to guess spatial development of the city that the north-eastern part of Yanji was developed prior to south-western area. The center of the city, or downtown expanded to eastward, and the city expanded to south-westward out skirt. Along the main road, Xin-xing areas developed toward east and west ward.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2005

This study was carried out to research the use of tar colors in children's favorite foods such as candies, soft drinks, chewing gums, cereals, and ice bars in order to acquire basic data on food safety. The tar colors were simultaneously analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of tar colors in candies, soft drinks, gums, cereals, and ice bars were maximum 74.10 mg/100 g, 5.96 mg/100 g, 35.70 mg/100 g, 20.10 mg/100 g, and 4.93 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, every tar colors except for Indigo carmine (B2) and Fast Green FCF (G3) among permitted tar colors were used in foods and more than two kinds of tar colors were used in most cases. From the results, only types of tar colors for foods were regulated, but the amount was not regulated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.648-656
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• 2022

As environmental regulations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s strategy to reduce greenhouse gases(GHG) are strengthened, technology development such as eco-friendly ships and alternative fuels is expanding. As part of this, ship propulsion technology using energy reduction and wind propulsion technology is emerging, especially in shipping companies and shipbuilders. By securing wind propulsion technology and introducing empirical research into shipbuilding and shipping, a high value-added market using eco-friendly technology can be created. Moreover, by reducing the fuel consumption rate of operating ships, GHG can be reduced by 6-8%. Rotor Sail (RS) technology is to generate a hydrodynamic lift in the vertical direction of the cylinder when the circular cylinder rotates at a constant speed and passes through the fluid. This is called the Magnus effect, and this study attempted to propose a plan to increase propulsion efficiency through a numerical analysis study on turbulence flow characteristics around RS, a wind power assistance propulsion system installed on a ship. Therefore, C_L and C_D values according to SR and AR changes were derived as parameters that affect the aerodynamic force of the RS, and the flow characteristics around the rotor sail were compared according to EP application.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.71-71
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• 2009

This study aims to provide a theoretical base for making a character education program on "how primary school students to cultivate their own right and good-minded characters." This study consists of three approaches: 1) an integrative approach based on the social and emotional learning, 2) development of integrative programs articulating three key domains directly and indirectly influencing students' character formation - school, family and local community(society), 3) maximum use of the educational institutes' moral education curriculums and the potential curriculums in the surrounding environment. In concrete, by specializing "social awareness and relationship skills" from various social and emotional ones, this study suggests an integrative program for the character education based on the theory of virtue in the Eastern philosophy. To develop such an Eastern philosophy-based integrative program for the cultivation of the social awareness and personal relationship skills, this study applies some virtue items of Eastern Ethics: for examples, 'rectification of the name(正名)' to improve skills for rational choice on the awareness and performance of social roles, 'empathy(忠恕)' to enhance the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were my own, 'reflect and seek in oneself(反求諸己)' to solve conflicts in peace and self-reflection, 'difficulty with countenance(色難)' to respond to others by understanding their situations and characters, 'select and follow good qualities of others and reform their bad qualities(擇其善者而從之, 其不善者而改之)' to make good results from various forms of personal relationship, and 'keep same respect as at first to old acquaintance(久而敬之)' to maintain good and emotional relationships. In particular, by underlining 'rectification of the name(正名)' and 'reflect and seek in oneself(反求諸己)', this study attempts to develop an alternative integrative program articulating three domains of school, family and local community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the environmental traits and significance of the pond place that appears in historic maps in 'Dongchon(東村)', which is the eastern section within the fortress wall of Hanyang. We reviewed various documents and maps to identify the name of the pond, and of those materials we followed the name provided by official national records and geographical titles to designate it 'Eouidongji Pond(於義洞池).' The results of the research showed, first, that from the standpoint of location and environmental characteristics, that the area of the Eouidongji Pond was an area that contained a pastoral atmosphere within the city. It was located in an area where the waters flowing from the mountains gathered, and the boundaries of the pond would change based on water levels within a plot of land about 2,000pyeong(app. $6,600m^2$) in size. Second, when seen from the perspective of its creation background, the Eouidongji Pond seems to have been a naturally occurring pond which was modified when the water system was managed in the city at the beginning of the dynasty. In addition to its role as a reservoir, it was operated as a lotus pond(蓮池) to offer lotus(蓮) related by-products. With the nearby detached palace being actively used, it seems the pond was managed at the same time. The pond had already been filled in by the early 20th century, and although there were efforts to reconstruct the pond, it was eventually destroyed as the area was included in the site of a school during the colonial period. Third, the Eouidongji Pond was appreciated in many cases by individuals or admired as part of the natural landscape by viewing it from afar. In addition, it provided entry landscape near the road entering Dongchon, and was a location that was easily visited in connection with other nearby pleasure grounds. Through studying the location and environmental characteristics, the background of its creation and destruction, operation and management by time period, usage at the time, and characteristics of scenery appreciation of Eouidongji Pond, the Eouidongji Pond was a pond of high practical value to the nation, as it supplemented the water system in the city and was able to provide lotus harvests for the nation. In addition, from a urban environment perspective, it was a lateral landmark with a large area, as well as an effective boundary. It was an open area that the people of the Hanseong-bu could freely use, and it had a high public value due to its ease of accessibility.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.463-474
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the food environment, particularly focusing on restaurants in three areas (Suwon city, Hwaseong Byeongieom-dong, and Bibong-myun). Methods: A total of 662 persons were surveyed on customers' perceptions of the food environment in restaurants. A structured questionnaire composed of 30 questions on 7 factors, sanitation (4 items), displaying information (5), food quality (12), information on nutritional and healthy food choice (6), restaurant's accessibility (1), availability (1), and affordability (1) was used. In addition, an expert assessment of restaurant sanitation, and information on nutritional healthy food choice was conducted through visiting 126 restaurants. Results: Scores (range of score : 1~7) for each factors assessing the restaurant food environment were 5.06 for sanitation factors, 5.05 for displaying information factors, 5.13 for taste appearance factors, and 4.35 for healthy menu factors. Informations on nutritional healthy food choice showed a low rate: only 16.24% of the subjects answered that there is a message encouraging choice of healthy foods and 27.4% answered that menus contain nutritional information. Significant differences in food environment were observed by region (city, town, rural). The restaurants food environment in the rural area turned out to be poorer than that of the other two areas. In comparison of customer perception and expert assessment, significant differences were observed for 'Employee appearances and uniforms are clean and tidy' (p < .05), and 'There is a message encouraging the choice of healthy foods' (p < .05). Conclusion: This study provided evidence for differences of restaurant food environment by regions. In the rural area, there is a problem in restaurant's accessibility, availability, and affordability because of a lack of variety in menu items and restaurants. This results suggest that there is a need for more healthy food restaurants in the rural area.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.235-257
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• 2010

Contemporary belief is that the creative talented can create new knowledge and lead national development, so lots of countries in the world have interest in Gifted Education. As we well know, U.S.A., England, Russia, Germany, Australia, Israel, and Singapore enforce related laws in Gifted Education to offer Gifted Classes, and our government has also created an Improvement Act in January, 2000 and Enforcement Ordinance for Gifted Improvement Act was also announced in April, 2002. Through this initiation Gifted Education can be possible. Enforcement Ordinance was revised in October, 2008. The main purpose of this revision was to expand the opportunity of Gifted Education to students with special education needs. One of these programs is, the opportunity of Gifted Education to be offered to lots of the Gifted by establishing Special Classes at each school. Also, it is important that the quality of Gifted Education should be combined with the expansion of opportunity for the Gifted. Social opinion is that it will be reckless only to expand the opportunity for the Gifted Education, therefore, assessment on the Teaching and Learning Program for the Gifted is indispensible. In this study, 3 middle schools were selected for the Teaching and Learning Programs in mathematics. Each 1st Grade was reviewed and analyzed through comparative tables between Regular and Gifted Education Programs. Also reviewed was the content of what should be taught, and programs were evaluated on assessment standards which were revised and modified from the present teaching and learning programs in mathematics. Below, research issues were set up to assess the formation of content areas and appropriateness for Teaching and Learning Programs for the Gifted in mathematics. A. Is the formation of special class content areas complying with the 7th national curriculum? 1. Which content areas of regular curriculum is applied in this program? 2. Among Enrichment and Selection in Curriculum for the Gifted, which one is applied in this programs? 3. Are the content areas organized and performed properly? B. Are the Programs for the Gifted appropriate? 1. Are the Educational goals of the Programs aligned with that of Gifted Education in mathematics? 2. Does the content of each program reflect characteristics of mathematical Gifted students and express their mathematical talents? 3. Are Teaching and Learning models and methods diverse enough to express their talents? 4. Can the assessment on each program reflect the Learning goals and content, and enhance Gifted students' thinking ability? The conclusions are as follows: First, the best contents to be taught to the mathematical Gifted were found to be the Numeration, Arithmetic, Geometry, Measurement, Probability, Statistics, Letter and Expression. Also, Enrichment area and Selection area within the curriculum for the Gifted were offered in many ways so that their Giftedness could be fully enhanced. Second, the educational goals of Teaching and Learning Programs for the mathematical Gifted students were in accordance with the directions of mathematical education and philosophy. Also, it reflected that their research ability was successful in reaching the educational goals of improving creativity, thinking ability, problem-solving ability, all of which are required in the set curriculum. In order to accomplish the goals, visualization, symbolization, phasing and exploring strategies were used effectively. Many different of lecturing types, cooperative learning, discovery learning were applied to accomplish the Teaching and Learning model goals. For Teaching and Learning activities, various strategies and models were used to express the students' talents. These activities included experiments, exploration, application, estimation, guess, discussion (conjecture and refutation) reconsideration and so on. There were no mention to the students about evaluation and paper exams. While the program activities were being performed, educational goals and assessment methods were reflected, that is, products, performance assessment, and portfolio were mainly used rather than just paper assessment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.777-790
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of teachers who apply Smart-technology in elementary school STEAM class and the reasons, difficulties when applying the technology and required support. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with six elementary school teachers with specialized knowledge in STEAM education who have experienced STEAM lessons several times before. The research findings are as follows: First, research participants utilized a variety of Smart-technology in STEAM class, most of which were experiential or interactive technology. Among the STEAM learning criteria, the Smart-technology in 'Creative Design' course was most often applied. Second, they adopted Smart Technology in STEAM class to encourage students to feel interested, actively participate in the class, enjoy indirect experience, and nurture interest in state-of-the-art technology. They used it to prepare for future societies and organize classes that are suitable for STEAM learning criteria. They also used Smart-technology because it was easy to use. Third, they found it difficult to find, secure, and use suitable Smart-technology when applying Smart-technology in the STEAM class. They also had trouble restructuring the curriculum. In addition, there were difficulties in using Smart-technology in the class such as lack of class hours, increased level of activity, insufficient physical environment and unexpected malfunction of Smart-technology, thus interrupted the class. After the class, it was hard to manage Smart-technology and also, there were difficulties in assessment, record, and negative awareness of surrounding people. Fourth, they mentioned that's suggesting education guidelines, develop, and distribute educational materials are required to enable 'Creative Design,' reduce educational content, provide training, secure Smart-technology equipment and provide Wi-Fi, support teacher's club and communities and create an atmosphere to emotionally support teachers in order to activate using Smart-technology in STEAM class.