• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2000

Many efforts are made to achieve satisfactory cosmetic and functional result in the repair of cleft lip. However, repair may be complicated in many cases by distortion of the vermilion border, obliteration of the normal contour of the philtrum, and eclabium in spite of many methods used in these days. To achieve better results in cleft lip repair, thorough understandings of the relationship between the surface morphology of the upper and lower lip and the underlying musculature is necessary but reports about this topic is rare. So, our studies were performed on the full-thickness upper lips containing both philtral ridge up to columelar base and lower lip, 4 post-mortem specimens of 2 females and 2 males aged from 16 to 42, using serial histological sections taken in the transverse and vertical planes under light microscopy. Thorough understanding of the anatomical relationships is established and on the basis of our findings, we can postulate some criteria to create a normal and natural philtrum in a patient with a cleft lip, it would be necessary to restore the normal deep muscle attachments and superficial dermal attachments of the orbicularis muscle, to close the lip without tension, to restore thickness of the philtral ridge, and to minimise nonelastic scar tissue.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2005

In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important fir evaluation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diagnosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but not many studies on the primary dentition exist. To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant differences between males and females, and the linear values were generally greater in males than females. 2. SNA was $81.3^{\circ}$, SNB was $76.6^{\circ}$ and ANB difference was $4.7^{\circ}$. 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for female. 4. For dental values, IMPA was $84.2^{\circ}$ and UA to SN was $90.8^{\circ}$. 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.6 mm anteriorly, and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.70 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1985

This study was made on bamboo shoot's damage of Phyllostachys edulis by field mice in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, and grasped the inhabitation environment by the analysis of around and lower vegetation in damaged bamboo stands, and made clear the species of field mice in damaged bamboo stand, the damaged degree and rate, therefore, were put in practice for contribution with damage prevention and extermination. The results were summarized as follows; The damaged degree were influenced by inhabitation environment and stand density around damaged bamboo stands. The damaged degree were shown 4,359.1 g with 7.1 shoots per. ha and the rate 0.23%. The damage season were from the middle of April to the middle and end of May, the most damaged season was about April 23. The length of damaged bamboo shoot was mean 28.12 cm, the inside diameter 7.49 cm, the weight 613.96 g. The damaged type of parts was shown to more numerous overland and surface damaged type of three types; overland, surface and underground damaged type. The field mice to be captured in damaged bamboo stand were three species; Apodemus agrarius coreae, Mus molossinus and Crocidura lasiura, the species of main damage was Apodemus agrarius coreae of captured Rodentia's 2 species. Crocidura lasiura in order Insectivora was found to inhabitate for the first time at southern region in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2000

Artificial gonadal maturation and spawning inducement of striped knife-jaw Oplegnathus fasciatus were studied. Effects of water temperature and photoperiod under different regims on gonadal activity and maturation of three years old O. fasciatus were investigated histologically. In experiment I (Exp. I), water temperature was gradually increased from $14.5^{\circ}C$ to $21.0^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod was also gradually increased from 10 : 30 L to 15 : 30 L from December 1996 to February 1997 and this conditions were maintained till April. In experiment II (Exp. II), water temperature was increased in the same way from Exp. I and photoperiod was controlled as natural condition till early March and then increased to 15 : 30 L immediately. Control fish were reared in net-cage culture system in the sea from December 1996 to April 1997. Gonadal activity was initiated by increasing water temperature in both Exp. I and II from January. In Exp. I, gonadal maturation and spawning were induced from February when water temperature and photoperiod reached at $21.0^{\circ}C$ and 15 : 30 L, respectively. In Exp. II, complete gonadal maturation was not induced until early March but after treated by compensatory long photoperiod (15 : 30 L), the gonad was matured and subsequently spawning occurred.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 1994

To investigate the relationship between leaf growth of several woody plants and ait tempera ture in early growing season (from April to June) in deciduous forests, I surveyed the changes of leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LW) and specific leaf area (SLA) of 19 specles, in two areas Namhansansung (NA) and Taegwallyong (TA) area in which that the latitudes are similer ($37^{\circ}28'N$ at NA and $37^{\circ}27'N$ an TA), but annual mean-temperatures were different ($11.8^{\circ}C\;in\;NA, \;6.3^{\circ}C$ in TA) for two years, 1991 and 1992. In the same species, the plants of NA began to grow 10-25 days earlier than those of TA, but the latter grew faster than the former. On 10 June the values of LA and LW per leaf were similar in the two areas but the maximum values of SLA were higher in NA. In the same plant, the values of LA and LW were constant year by year, except for PYIOLUS leveilleana, Quercus mongolica, Symplocos chznensis for. pilosa and S t y a r ubussiu. In N A , the leaves be gan to grow during the first ten days of April, and eariler in 1992 than in 1991, and daily mean temperature (DMT) of the former from 27 March to 6 April were higher than those of thc latter. But the LA increased faster in 1991 than in 1992. and DMT from 10 April to 16 April were higher in 1991 than in 1992.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.43 no.3 s.136
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2004

Overwintering ecology of the peach pyralid moth, Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied in laboratory and in a chestnut orchard in 2001/2002 winter and 2003 spring. All twenty-four female and fourteen male moths were fruit-feeding type which were emerged from the larvae collected at the same chestnut orchard in 2003 winter. Periodical thermal treatment of overwintering larvae at $25^{\circ}C$ revealed that diapause termination of the larval population started from the end of January and was completed until April 20 in southern region of Korea. Pupation of diapause-terminated larvae started from early May and reached to $100\%$ at June 3 in chestnut orchard. Days to pupation of female larvae after diapause termination were 12.5, 8.9, and 7.5 at $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Those of male larvae were similar to those of females. Pupal periods of female were 14.7, 11.8, and 9.0 days at the three temperatures. Moths of the overwintered generation emerged from May 20 to June 28, and reached to $50\%$ emergence on June 8 to 9 under emergence cage. Attraction of the male moths of overwintered generation to sex pheromone traps showed that the date of $50\%$ catches to the traps were June 17, when data from 3 southern regions of Korea were pooled.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2003

Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, is a primary vector of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Korea. Emergence characteristics of the adults were studied in Jinju, Korea using dead pine logs in which the larvae of the sawyer overwintered from 1999 to 2002. Emergence data showed that the adults began to emerge out of the logs in sunny place from May the 15th in average of the four years. Cumulative emergence ratio (CER) reached at 50% at mid-June, and the emergence terminated by early or late July depending on years. In shady place, however,50% CER was reached 17 days later than in sunny place. The 50％ CER of males reached 1 to 4 days earlier than that of females depending on years. Of the adults emerged from the logs collected from February to April in 2001, 97.6％ was univoltine, and the rest was biennial which emerged from May to July of the next year. Female and male adults emerged throughout 24 hours; 32.3% of the total adults emerged from 8 to 12 a.m. It took 68.0 seconds for the adults to escape from pine logs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate types of injury inflicted by the stone leek leafminer, Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on welsh onion. A feeding scar made by an adult female was a hole round in shape, with diameter of 0.08 mm and 0.48 mm in lesion, resulting in a white spot, many of which often form vertical dotted lines on a leaf. Egg spots were oval with 0.1 ${\times}$0.14 mm in size, one or several of which often form a V-shape in group. Feeding by adults began immediately after emergence and was very active from 4th to 5th day. Oviposition was done from 2nd to 6th day after emergence. In both feeding and oviposition, they were more active in the day time. Larvae after emergence crawled up the leaf at first, and then moved up and down to feed on mesophyll. When in high density, they feed on leaf from leaf tip to bottom, and let the leaf die. Area of damage per one larva was calculated as 72.1 $\textrm{mm}^2$. The aged larvae escaped from the leaf in early morning, usually between 5 and 7 am. Most pupation sites were distributed near plants,5cm in soil depth and within 10 cm away from the plant. Pupae of L. chinensis overwintered 10cm below soil surface and emerged from early May to late June the next year Adults then moved to welsh onions near over wintering sites, nursery, transplanted, and levee.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 1970

Tobacco wild fire caused by Pseudomonas tabaci(Wolf et Foster) Stevens is one of the most important diseases on tobacco plant in Korea. The objectives of the study were to investigate: 1) the relationships between environmental conditions and the disease development, 2) the effect of chemical spray and soil sterilization on the disease development, and 3) the proper date for chemical sprays during the growing season. The appearance of wild fire on tobacco plant was somewhat proportional to temperature and moisture in atmosphere. The first occurrence of the disease was in late part of June when the temperature was $18\;to\;20^{\circ}C$. with $65\;to\;70^{\circ}C$ of relative humidity. The disease was, then, gradually increased during early part of July with the temperature of $22\;to\;26^{\circ}C$. and $85\;to\;86^{\circ}C$ of. relative humidity. The rapid development of the disease occurred after heavy rain or storm during July. Two to three times of Phytomycin sprays(1:300-350) during the epidemic season reduced $28.3\%$ of disease damage when compared with control plot. Soil sterilization with chloropicrin. 10 liter/10a, Prior to transplanting of seedlings reduced not only wild fro damage but also the other tobacco diseases on field. The study showed that the damage caused by tobacco wild fro could be reduced with the use of early varieties and/or 2 or 3 times of Phytomycin sprays during early part of June, and soil sterilization with chloropicrin prior to transplanting.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 1972

지리산은 해발 1915m인 남한 본토 최고인 명산이며 국립공원으로 지정된 바도 있으나 아직 그 동물상에 대한 조사는 불충분한 바 있다. 1972년 8월 11일-14일의 4일간에 걸쳐 남궁 윤은 한라산 거미상과의 비교 검토를 위하여 지리산의 제 2 고봉인 반야봉과 제 3고봉인 노고단을 중심으로 한 지리산 서남면인 "겉지리산"의 일부를 조사하였다. 한편 백외는 1971년 7일 하순 화엄사, 노고단 및 피아골의 거미상에 대해 조사한 바 있다. 광대한 지리산의 전체적인 면모를 파악하기에는 미급한 조사였지만 대치적인 특징을 추찰한 수 있었기에 이에 보고코져 한다. 지리산 거미에 대하여는 백 갑용(1942-1972), 백운하외 (1970) 등에 의해 18과 76종 (3미확정종포함)이 보고된 바 있으나 채집기록에 불분명한 바가 있고, 그 환경이나 수직분포 등에 대하여는 언급된 바가 없었다. 금번 조사한 장소를 고도별로 보면 다음과 같다. 연곡사(300-400m), 화엄사(400-600m), 피아골(500-900m), 화엄사골(600-900m), 용수바위 (900-1300m), 코재 (900-1300m), 임걸령(1400-1500m), 노고단(1400-1550m), 반야봉(1550-1750m) (1) 이 조사보고에서는 종전의 보고에서 기록이 분명한 것을 종합하여 21과 135종 (미확정종 6종 포함)의 목록을 작성하였다. (2) 지리산 추가종 56종을 확인하였으며 그 중에서 한국 미기록종은 16종이다. (목록에 *표를 한 것) (3) 미확정종은 개체특징이 분명한 것만 수록했으며 이들 중 금후 연구로써 신종으로 기재됨 것도 있다. (4) 이번 조사의 결과로는 지리산의 거미상은 북방종 26종$(20.2\%)$ 남방종 8종$(6.2\%)$ 세계공통종이 3종$(2.3\%)$으로 북방온대성 $(71.3\%)$의 경향이 짙으다. (5) 고도분포는 반야봉 (1550-1750m)에서 18종$(7.3\%)$, 1400-1550m가 38종$(15.5\%)$, 900-1400m에서 39종$(15.8\%)$, 600-900m에서 72종$(29.2\%)$, 600m이하에서 79종$(32.1\%)$으로 고도가 높아짐에 따라 종수가 점감되고 1300m 이상에 서식하는 것은 44종$(32.6\%)$에 불과하였다. (6) 지리산의 우점종은 대륙접시거미 (Prolinyphia emphana)로 600m 이상부터 산정부에 걸쳐 널리 분포하며, 개체수에 있어서도 가장 많았다. 깡충거미과(Salticidae), 늑대거미과(Lycosidae)가 극히 적은 것도 특징적이라 하겠다.