• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7012-7017
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• 2014

The process of international technical cooperation is quite complex. If the complexity is reduced and mirrored as a simple model, it could be of great assistance to government agencies and staff to support international technical cooperation. The purpose of this paper was to develop the underlying process model in international technical cooperation in the evaluation phase. The paper provides in the second chapter the theoretical background for developing a process model. In the third chapter, the features and the practical model of the evaluation phase are presented. Chapter four presents a case with substantial empirical analysis of the development model. EU FP7th as a case study was examined in the hindsight of international technical cooperation in the evaluation process. The concluding, chapter five, presents the limitations and future research directions. The results show that a new phase can be analyzed on the level of the evaluation step. The limitation of this study was that the empirical study consists of a single case study only. In the future, it will be necessary to study the sub stages of other steps in international technological cooperation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.930-936
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• 2001

Background: The origin site of carcinoma invading esophagogastric junction is variable. It may arise from squamous cell carcinoma of low esophagus, adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus, adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia, or extension from proximal stomach cancer. In Korea, the majority of adenocarcinoma invading esophago-gastric junction seems to arise from proximal gastric carcinoma. Material and Method: We reviewed the data of surgically-resected gastric adenocarcinoma involving esophagogastric junction in KCCH between 1988 and 1999. Result: There were 212 cases. Male to female ratio was 156 to 56. Age distribution was between 22 and 78. Variable surgical approaches including median laparotomy, laparotomy with left or right thoracotomy, left thoracotomy, and thoracoabdominal approach were used. Postoperative pathologic stages were : Stage IA-7, IB-11, Ⅱ-25, ⅢA-73, ⅢB-34, and Ⅳ-57. Curative resection was performed in 199 patients, and total gastrectomy was performed in 200 patients. There were 77.4%(164 cases) with esophageal involvement, 74.1％(157 cases) with tumor involvement in the abdominal LN, and 8%(17 cases) with mediastinal LN metastasis. Operative mortality was 3.3%, and over-all 5 year survival rate was 35%. Conclusion: There are various surgical approaches and many things to consider for surgical resection, thoracic and abdominal approach may need for obtain proper resection margin and adequate lymph node dissection in stomach cancer invading esophagogastric junction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.173-183
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) diffusion. This study has been reviewed various theoretical research relating to innovation diffusion theory and RFID. The model was tested Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) using Smart PLS 2.0 analysis on the sample collected from 73 companies. The result of hypothesis testing is as follows. First, standardization, IS infrastructure influence positively RFID integration. Second, perceived benefits, inter-organizational cooperation, competitive pressure influence positively RFID usage. Third, RFID integration influence positively RFID usage. The results of this study will provide various implications on RFID diffusion.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.16 no.2 s.68
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• pp.10-30
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• 2001

본 고에서는 차세대 인터넷 구축을 위한 요소 기술에 대하여 전반적으로 살펴본다. 우리는 현재보다 1,000배 빠른 차세대 인터넷의 구축을 목표로 하고 있다. 따라서 과연 그만큼 빠른 인터넷의 구축이 필요할 것인가를 검증하는 차원에서 향후 5년 정도의 가까운 시일 내에 있을 인터넷 트래픽의 증대에 대한 수요를 서비스 측면에서 살펴본다. 차세대 인터넷은 풍부한 전송대역폭의 제공과 QoS를 기반으로 한 신뢰성 있는 데이터의 전달을 특징으로 하며, 이를 위해서 광스위칭 기반의 전송 하부구조 위에 MPLS 기술이 사용될 것으로 예상된다. 이를 위한 요소기술로 DWDM 전송기술, MEMS 기반의 광스위칭 소자기술과 함께 광스위칭 기술에 지능을 부여하기 위한 표준화 동향에 대하여 살펴본다. 현재의 IP 기반 인터넷에서 제공하지 못하는 QoS 기능은 MPLS에서 가능하게 될 것이다. MPLS에서의 중요한 응용인 트래픽 엔지니어링과 VPN 서비스는 망이 보다 안정적으로 유지될 수 있도록 지원하면서 기업들이 MPLS 망을 이용하여 자신의 망을 구축할 수 있도록 지원할 것이다. MPLS 기술은 IETF에서 표준화가 진행되고 있으며 라우터 개발업체 및 ISP의 큰 지원을 받고 있다. 차세대 인터넷을 위해서는 전달망의 구축도 필요하지만 이와 함께 차세대 인터넷 응용을 위한 컴퓨팅 인프라도 균형있게 개발되어야 한다. 따라서 현재 그 윤곽을 드러내고 있는 차세대 인터넷 응용 인프라 환경에 대하여 그 등장 배경과 관련 기술에 대하여 조망한다. 차세대 인터넷의 개발을 위해서는 광처리 관련 원천 기술, 프로세서 개발 기술, 라우터 설계 기술 및 서버 개발 기술, 어플리케이션 기반 기술 및 사용자 인터페이스 기술들이 전략적으로 이음새 없이 매끄럽게 통합되어야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 필요한 요소기술들을 다수 보유하고 있는 ETRI의 역할은 매우 중요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2012

A high rock embankment by means of phased dynamic compaction has hardly carried out in Korea. Settlement of each layer is measured in order to verify the settlement behavior of dynamically compacted high rock embankment. A high rock embankment is generally constructed by dividing into several sub-embankments. Such a sub-embankment and dynamic compaction may induce an increase of pressure at the lower part of embankment and cause a different behavior of ground from initial status. In this study, settlement of a high rock embankment is estimated using a hyperbolic model taking into construction history. The results from prediction are compared with those obtained from field measurements. And second creep settlement is predicted using pre-loading test.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

Background : Inhaled glucocorticoids are the medical treatment of choice in asthma patients. Fluticasone propionate is one of the most effective inhaled corticosteroids and has been reported to have minimal effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at the recommended dose. However, reports of long-term trials characterizing their systemic safety with chronic use are rare. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term safety of inhaled fluticasone propionate to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Method : This study was conducted on 21 patients to evaluate the adrenal response to rapid ACTH stimulation test after 6 months of treatment with fluticasone propionate from $200\;{\mu}g$ to $750\;{\mu}g$ daily. The serum cortisol levels was measured to assess its effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis just prior to the injection, at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after an intramuscular injection of synthetic ACTH. Result : The mean dose of inhaled fluticasone propionate was $355\;{\mu}g$ per day(SD=$174\;{\mu}g$, range=$200\;{\mu}g$ to $750\;{\mu}g$). The mean serum cortisol levels of the patients was $11.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$(SD=$6.4\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) prior to the injection, $20.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$ (SD=$7.7\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) after 30 minutes, and $23.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$(SD=$6.3\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) after 60 minutes. Sixteen patients of the 21 patients had a normal response(> $18\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$), and 5 out of the 21 patients had serum cortisol levels below the normal range after the rapid ACTH stimulation test. Conclusion: Adrenal suppression occurred in 5 out of 21 patients with 6 months treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1998

Several lines of evidence indicate that some neuropeptides classically associated hypothalamus have been found in pituitary gland, suggesting the existence of local regulation of pituitary function. Among the hypothalamic releasing hormones, genes for TRH and GnRH are expressed in the rat anterior pituitary gland. The present study was carried out to investigate the expression of the GHRH gene in rat anterior pituitary and the pituitary-derived cell lines. The presence of GHRH transcripts in pituitary tissue was shown by 3'rapid amplification of cDNA end (3'-RACE) analysis. In reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study, GHRH cDNA fragments were amplified from two pituitary-derived cell lines, $\alpha$T3 cells originated from mouse gonadotrope and GH3 cells from rat somatolactotrope. Immunoreactive GHRH was detected in large and medium-sized pituitary cells by immunocytochemistry. Significant amounts of GHRH-like molecules were found in the GH3 cell extracts. In RNase protection assay, the level of pituitary GHRH mRNA was augmented by ovariectomy. These results demonstrate that GHRH gene is expressed in the rat gonadotropes and somatotropes, and suggest that the pituitary GHRH could be participated in the paracrine and/or autocrine regulation of cell proliferation, as well as promoting growth hormone secretion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.465-470
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• 1999

Background: Facial hyperhidrosis patients have as much difficulty in personal relationships as the palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis patients. There have been no appropriate treatment, but recently, satisfactory results have been obtained through sympathetic blockade. Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for facial hyperhidrosis has been known to resect cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion, but its inherent complications such as Horner syndrome have made the surgeons hesitant to use this method. We, through our experiences in treating palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis for the past 6 years, believed that T2 sympathicotomy would be enough for facial hyperhidrosis and have experimented and obtained satisfactory results. Material and Method: From June 1997 to May 1998, 38 consecutive patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic T2 sympathicotomy with 2mm instruments at Seoul National University Hospital. Result: All patients were relieved of excessive sweating in their faces immediately after the operation. Postoperatively, 5 patients (13.2%) required insertion of chest tubes because 3 had incomplete reexpansion of the lung, and 2 had hemothorax from severe adhesion. Other complications related to the surgical procedures, such as Horner's syndrome, and brachial plexus injury, were not detected in any cases. The mean hospital stay was mean 1.7$\pm$0.9 days after surgery. Conclusion: T2 sympathetic ganglion is the appropriate resection site for facial hyperhidrosis, and complications such as Horner syndrome can be prevented by not cutting the stellate ganglion. In addition, it is possible to perform the operation by using a 2 mm thoracoscopic instrument, and may obtain much better results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 1999

Background: There are several advantages to the ministernotomy approach. The skin incision is much smaller than the traditional median sternotomy incision. This approach allows the patients to return to normal life more quickly and provide them with good self-image. Material and Method: From April to July 1998, we performed a ministernotomy via lower half sternum in 25 patients. There were 10 males(40%) and 15 females(60%) with a mean age of 30${\pm}$16 years(range 3 to 55 years). The body surface area ranged from 0.58 to 1.9 m2(mean 1.5 to 0.4 m2). A vertical skin incision of 11cm in mean length was made in the midline over the sternum extending inferiorly from the third intercostal space. The sternum was divided vertically in the midline from the xyphoid process to the level of second intercostal space using a standard saw and then transversely to the left(n=17) or to both sides(n=4) of the second intercostal space using an oscillating saw. The sternum was divided vertically only in children (n=4). Result: The ministernotomy was used in 25 consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve replacement(n=10), repair of ventricular septal defect(n=4) and atrial septal defect(n=11). There was no significant complication related to ministernotomy. The mean ICU stay time 20 hours. Patient and family acceptance was very high. Conclusion: We concluded that minimally invasive cardiac surgery via ministernotomy can be done safely. These methods may benefit the patients with lesser discomfort, smaller incision, and earlier ICU discharge than the traditional incision.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

This study was purposed to explore the learning culture through the related literature and research review in Jewish Havruta which has interaction, critical reflection, and the driving force creating a better world. The prior researches on Havruta mainly tend to as ways to increase learners' interest in learning and studies as curriculum or teaching methods such as creativity, understanding, and problem-solving skills. However, Havruta is not just method to study subjects, but rather a process of developing thinking through dialogue and discussion. Therefore, Havruta's essential meaning as a lifelong learning should be explored. Studies showed that Jews embody the thinking process from interpreting, analyzing, setting up logic, questioning, discussing, and debating Talmud with others anytime, anywhere, and anyone throughout their learning culture. It develops basic skills for life, forms an integrated personality in relationships with others, and continuously conducts lifelong learning to shape one's own beings. Therefore, lifelong learning culture would be sharing information that one has in the process of discussion through dialogue between two or more people, and supporting and encouraging the other's failure or fear rather than attacking them. The embodiment of thinking process in which people teach and learn eachother, accept the difference, and expand thought would be significant foundation to create lifelong learning culture.