• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.11-25
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to compare the child care time, as well as the perceptions of and satisfaction with the time use, of fathers and mothers in dual-income families with preschool children. 444 time use data were gathered from the Statistics Korea Life Time Surveys in 2019. The results of this study are as follows. First, the total child care time of the two parents per family on a working day was 72.1 min on average, and more time was spent on primary care than on developmental care. Second, the father's child care time on a working day was 40.8 min on average, and the mother's time, almost three times more-110.3 min, which show a significant difference. By type of care, the mother's care time was about three times more than that of father for primary care, and about two times more for developmental care. Third, the mother's primary care time differed by household income level, and the primary care time of both fathers and mothers differed according to the number of their working hours weekly. Fourth, both fathers and mothers felt somewhat tired and had a time deficit, but mothers were less satisfied than fathers with the division of household tasks between them. To encourage fathers' voluntary participation in child care, they must be informed of their joint responsibility with their spouse as parents must be emphasized under the term "co-parenting." It is necessary to expand systems that support parental care and promote a family-friendly culture in workplaces to guarantee the rights of parents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

This study analyzed 2019 time survey data from the National Statistical Office to examine the childcare behaviors of fathers with preschool children and their determinants, considering types of care and working/nonworking days. The main results of this study are as follows. First, paternal childcare time of nonworking days was three times more than that of working days, and the participation rate was also higher on nonworking days. Second, there was no significant difference in the amount of time spent on primary care and developmental care by fathers, whether from dual- or single-income families. Third, it seems that fathers adjust their participation in childcare between working days and nonworking days in consideration of the mother's time availability. Fourth, the variables related to childcare needs had a significant influence on paternal childcare time on both working and nonworking days. Fathers' developmental care time was not explained by the independent variables entered into the regression analysis. As a result of the study, it is necessary to reduce fathers' working hours and increase family-friendly systems to increase fathers' participation in childrearing. Fathers' perception of parental responsibility must also be changed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.103-120
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• 2021

Recently, the importance of the fathers role in the care of young children has been emphasized in Korea for the balance of childcare responsibilities between mothers and fathers. This study investigates the trends in paternal childcare in Korea over the last 15 years. Childcare is divided into primary and developmental care and fathers's Childcare time and participation rates are inverstigated for dual- and single-income households. Data are collected from the four waves of the five-yearly Statistics of Korea Life Time Surveys between 2004(t₁) and 2019(t₄) including the workday time diaries of fathers with preschool children(n₁=2,264, n₂=1,242, n₃=959, n₄=952). Three major results are identified. First, paternal childcare time and participation rates have increased with dual-income fathers spending 24 more minutes a day with their young child(ren) in 2019 than in 2004, which is nearly double. Second, in the analysis of fathers' childcare time use and participation rates comparing primary and developmental care, primary care is found to have increased more than developmental care, especially among dual income fathers: this further exhibits a reversed relation between primary and developmental care over time. Third, the determinants of paternal childcare time are fathers' age, market labor time, commuting time, gender equality consciousness, and education. In particular, market labor time was significant in all four waves, while gender equality consciousness is only significant for single-income fathers. Based on these results, a specific agenda is provided for family-friendly policies to improve the balance of childcare roles between fathers and mothers, especially encouraging increased(significant and sufficient) participation of fathers in primary care activities.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze everyday caring activities of young working single-person households. To collect the data, we interviewed 10 working single-person households. The topics are composed of 3 parts: 1) the everyday life of single-person households; 2) caring activities and household labor; 3) the experience of caring activities. The results are as follows : In comparison with families living together, single-person households carry out everyday caring activities alone, so they found a new meaning in caring activities and household labor. In particular, they were fully aware of the importance of everyday caring activities even though they sometimes felt the caring activities were uncomfortable. On the other hand, they improved their technique and ability for caring activities, and they felt satisfied with the caring activities. We found the meaning of everyday caring activities to be an essential condition for the independence of single-person households.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.379-387
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• 2018

Caring is essential ability for nursing provider. The purpose of this study was to identify impact of self-reflection, ego state and transformational leadership on caring ability in nursing students. A convenience sample of 199 nursing students was obtained from a university in Gyeonggi Province. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The result of multiple regression indicate that self-reflection(${\beta}=0.10$, p<.05), transformational leadership(${\beta}=0.13$, p<.05), NP(${\beta}=0.27$, p<.001), FC(${\beta}=0.22$, p<.001), CP(${\beta}=-0.24$, p<.001) and AC (${\beta}=-0.35$, p<.001) were the most consistent predictors of caring ability and explained 54.0%. These results are expected to be used as a basic data for the development of a convergence education program that can enhance self - reflection, positive aspect of ego state and transformational leadership in order to improve caring ability of nursing college students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.409-415
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting nursing service quality for nursing hospital nurses and An attempt was made to confirm the correlation between nursing work environment, human-centered care, and work stress on nurses in nursing hospital. The data was collected using questionnaire filled out by 129 nurses at nursing hospitals in G city area from August 20 to September 10, 2019. As a result of the study, factors influencing the quality of nursing services among nursing hospital nurses were married, Practice Environment of Nursing Work, and human-centered care. Based on these results, hospital management will need to make efforts to improve the organizational system to create a desirable nursing working environment in nursing hospital.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the workday leisure time of dual-income fathers and mothers with preschool children. Data were gathered from the Statistics Korea Life Time Surveys from 2004(y1) and 2019(y2) (n=2,697). Life time was composed of three types(inevitable time, compulsory time, and leisure time) and leisure time was categorized into 11 activities(voluntarism, participation, social relationships, religion, rituals, culture and tourism, sports, game and play, media, rest, and others) to investigate gender differences and time effects. The major results were as follows: First, both working fathers and mothers with preschool children spent less inevitable time, more compulsory time, and less leisure time, than other adult group. Second, fathers spent more time on 10 leisure activities except religion in y1, and on all activities than mothers in y2. In y2, less time on three activities(social relationships, rituals, and media) for both fathers and mothers, less time on religion for mothers only, more time on two activities(participation, game and play) for both groups were spent than y1. Third, in the regression analysis of fathers' and mothers' leisure time on three leisure activities(sports, game and play, and media) with a distinct pattern from leisure time for adult group between y1 and y2, socioeconomic variables and lifetime variables showed different effects by gender and waves. Based on the results, family policy and programs to improve the work-life balances of working fathers and mothers discussed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

Education is essential for specialists in charge terminal care of cancer patients. In the second 10-year plan to conquer cancer under the Cancer Control Act, the Korean government announced a plan to train more hospice and palliative care (HPC) specialists based on quantitative HPC expansion. Specifically, the government aims to develop e-learning programs to foster social workers in HPC, following those offered to doctors and nurses. In HPC, social workers have served a vital role in helping patients overcome psychological and social issues. As professionals, they have carried out their responsibilities and played their part in the field to help HPC to take root and be institutionalized in Korea. To date, it has been difficult to obtain practical knowledge and skills for social workers due to the lack of systematic training program. Development of an e-learning program for social workers, as proposed in this study, should strengthen social workers in charge of terminally-ill cancer patients in terms of their identity, expertise, and practical skills in clinical setting and improve their access to education. We also hope the program to be further developed by the government by introducing an education system that offers refresher courses to guarantee social workers' continued expertise through.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate medications at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients during their last admission. Methods: Medical records of terminal cancer patients during their last admission from July 2003 to April 2008 at a district academic hospital were evaluated. Patient's characteristics, therapeutic drug classification during their last admission and on the patient's day of death, and the administrated route and number of medications on the patient's day of death were analyzed. Results: Total 81 patients were included. The median patient age was 63 years. The median length of admission was 18 days (range: 1~101). 54% of the patients had more than one comorbidities. The most frequently prescribed drugs during the last admission were opioid analgesics (63%), followed by antibiotics (58%) and antacids (53%). On the day of death, common medications were antibiotics (59%), antacids (58%), and opioid analgesics (46%). Intravenous injection was given to 81% of the patients and intramuscular injection was given to 16% of the patients on the day of patient's death. Number of medications prescribed to patients was between 0 and 11 (median: 3) and 12% (10/81) of the patients took over 8 medications including intravenous and oral drugs on the day of death. 6% (5/81) of the patients took potentially futile medications, like multivitamin or statin until the day of death. Conclusion: This study suggests that potentially futile medications and uncomfortable care were given to terminal cancer patients. Multicenter-based studies are necessary to diminish futile medications by essential medication at the end of life care for terminal cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to understand home hospice care status and problem in Korea, and ultimately to develop the home hospice standard. This study was conducted as a part of a study on the institutionalization of the home hospice in Korea. A focus group interview with representatives of seven home hospice agency where have provided home hospice service for years was conducted. All of the participants agreed to the essential components for home hospice service including 24 hour on call service, multidisciplinary team visiting, and periodical team meeting. Visiting frequency was 1-3 times per week mostly by nurses. And they agreed requisitely to fulfill an office for home visiting nurses, storage space, and home visiting bags. The obstacles of providing home hospice were 1) no reimbursement system, 2) difficulties to change medication at home, 3) lack of inpatient beds for symptom control. Standardization of home hospice is critical to improve service quality and to develop reimbursement system. The findings of this study could be used as a basic data to develop home hospice standards and guidelines.