• Title/Summary/Keyword: 플라스틱 결함

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Hydraulic Experiment on Roughness Coefficient of PE pipe (폴리에틸렌관의 조도계수에 관한 수리모형실험)

  • Dongwoo Ko;Byeong Wook Lee;Jae-Seon Yoon;Hyun-Gu Song
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.288-288
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    • 2023
  • 도로, 철도 등의 횡단통로, 오폐수관로, 지하배수관 등 연약지반에서 상재하중과 부등침하에 의한 파괴 위험을 줄이기 위해 구조적인 안전성과 내구성이 개선된 다양한 관로들이 활용되고 있다. 관은 매설특성에 따라 콘크리트관, 도관, 합성수지관, 덕타일 주철관, 파형강관, 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱과 폴리에스테르수지 콘크리트관 등의 종류로 구분된다(환경부, 2017). 수리설계 시 이러한 관의 단면 규모 결정 및 흐름 특성을 파악하기 위해 관수로 유량측정에 이용되는 Manning의 경험식을 이용하고 있으며, 관로의 주요 재질에 따른 다양한 조도계수가 제시되어 있다. 새로운 재질을 이용하여 제작된 관은 수리실험을 통해 조도계수를 결정하는 것이 바람직하지만, 조도계수 실험은 대규모의 실험시설과 유량공급이 요구되기 때문에 여러 한계가 있다. PE관의 경우, 미국의 ASTM 표준에 의해 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LDPE), 선형 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LLDPE), 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE) 등으로 분류되는데 본 연구에서는 HDPE 재질의 서로 직경이 다른 다중벽관 PE관을 대상으로 조도계수를 결정하기 위한 현장 실규모 수리실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험에서는 식생, 수로의 불규칙성, 수로노선, 침전과 세굴, 장애물, 계절적 변화, 부유물질과 소류사는 무시되며 표면조도, 관의 크기와 형상, 수위와 유량이 조도계수에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자라고 할 수 있다. 수리실험은 실물모형(Prototype)으로 한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원의 대형수리모형실험장에서 수행되었으며. 길이 24 m, 직경 150 mm의 PE 관은 고정식 개수로, 직경 800 mm의 관은 대형유사순환수로에 각각 설치되었다. 관로의 전면에 차폐막을 설치하여 상류부 수위를 안정시킨 상태에서 실험을 수행하였고, 차폐막으로부터 하류방향으로 약 7 m(측정기준지점), 11 m, 13 m, 15 m, 17 m 떨어진 곳에서 각각 수위와 유속을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, φ150관은 직경대비 수심이 클수록 조도계수가 감소하는 경향이 나타났고, φ800관은 직경대비 수심의 변화에 따른 조도계수의 경향이 크게 드러나지 않았다. 결론적으로 PE관의 조도계수는 수심별로 변화하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특정 수심을 지나면 조도계수가 다시 감소할 것으로 판단된다.

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Effect of Reaction Temperature Program on Thermal Degradation of Low-quality Pyrolytic Oil for Bench-scale Continuous Reaction System (벤치 규모 연속반응시스템에서 저급 열분해유 분해반응에 대한 반응온도 프로그램의 영향)

  • Lee, Kyong-Hwan;Nam, Ki-Yun
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 2009
  • The characteristics of product materials obtained from thermal degradation of low-qualify pyrolytic oil were investigated in this study. The reactants were produced by pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste with film type in a commercial rotary kiln reaction system. The properties of reactants were measured by elemental analysis, calorimetry analysis and SIMDIST analyst. The result of degradation experiments with different reaction temperature programs was discussed through product yields, cumulative yields and production rates of oil products. The multi-step reaction temperature program resulted in higher yields of product oils and lower yields of residues than one-step reaction temperature program. The product characteristics such as production yield and the rate of oil products etc. were influenced by reaction temperature program in the continuous thermal degradation.

Shearing Characteristics of Aluminium Rods Using Plane Strain - Shear Box Test and Close Range Photogrammetric Technique (평면변형률 전단시험과 근거리 사진계측기법을 통한 알루미늄 봉의 전단특성)

  • Lee, Yong-Joo;Song, Ki-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.26 no.8
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 2010
  • To simulate two-dimensional plane-strain conditions in the laboratory model test, the side frictional resistance between the soil and thick glass or plastic sheet of the soil container should be reduced as much as possible. However, in fact this side friction cannot be removed completely. In this paper, the ground model simulated as a multi-sized aluminium rod mixture was introduced to get rid of the side frictional resistance and applied to the laboratory shear box test. In addition, an application of the close range photogrammetric technique to the shear box test was validated. As a result, it was found that a mean value of dilation angle from the close range photogrammetry was close to the dilation angle defined by the curve of shear strain vs. volumetric strain.

Opening Size Determination of Geotextiles Using Dry and Wet Methods (건식/습식 방법을 이용한 토목섬유의 유효구멍크기 측정방법 평가)

  • Kim, Ju-Hyong;Cho, Sam-Deok
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2007
  • Dry and wet test methods established by Korean industrial standards to estimate opening size of 3 types of geotextile which are widely used for filter of plastic drain board in Korea are performed to evaluate characteristics of the test methods and to compare the test results. Judging from test results, dry method is a relatively poor test, having lots of problems causing many errors but a simple-quick test. Wet method is a very specific test avoiding many of the problems of dry method such as electrostatic charges, trapping in the geotextiles and so on. However, one of wet test methods, KS K ISO 12956, takes long time to complete a test and is too strict to handle loss of granular material. Generally, opening size of a geotextile by wet test method is smaller than that of dry test method. Especially, opening size by KS F 2126 which is called hydrodynamic method but at present is not used anymore is similar to or smaller than that by KS K ISO 12956 method.

Study on preparation of a thin film type of ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheet for alpha-ray detection (얇은 필름 형태의 알파선 측정용 ZnS(Ag) 섬광 검출소재 제조 연구)

  • Seo, Bum-Kyoung;Jung, Yeon-Hee;Kim, Gye-Hong;Lee, Kune-Woo;Jung, Chong-Hun;Han, Myeong-Jin
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.389-393
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    • 2006
  • The detector consisted of ZnS(Ag) scintillator and photomultiplier tube (PMT) is widely used as contamination monitor in the nuclear facilities. Such detectors are mainly manufactured by adhering the ZnS(Ag) powder onto the transparent plastic. In this study the preparation condition for ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheet using a simple method was established. The scintillator sheet was composed with a support polymer sheet and ZnS(Ag) scintillator layer. The base sheet was prepared by casting the polymer solution after solving the polymer with solvent and the scintillator layer was manufactured by printing the mixture solution with ZnS(Ag) and paste. It was found that the polysulfone(PSf) as a polymer for the base sheet and a cyano resin as a paste for adhering the ZnS(Ag) scintillator was suitable. Also, the prepared thin scintillator sheet had a sufficient mechanical strength, a optical transparency and an alpha-ray detection performance.

Prediction of Process-Induced Spring-Back of CFRP Composite Structure Using Deep Neural Network (심층신경망을 이용한 CFRP 복합재 구조의 공정 유도 스프링백 예측)

  • Yuseon Lee;Dong-Hyeop Kim;Sang-Woo Kim;Soo-Yong Lee
    • Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2024
  • A deep neural network (DNN) was employed to predict the spring-back of a CFRP composite spar induced by the curing process. A total of 816 spring-back data points, derived from varying stacking angles, layer counts, and flange radii, were generated through finite element method (FEM)-based curing analysis to train the DNN model. The trained model demonstrated an R-squared value of 0.99 and a mean squared error of 0.00093, indicating excellent performance. For untrained flange radii, the spring-back predicted by the DNN exhibited a mean relative error of 2.18% when compared to FEM results. Additionally, while FEM analysis required approximately 20 minutes, the DNN-based prediction required only about 14 milliseconds. These results highlight the potential of using DNNs for the rapid prediction of process-induced deformation in CFRP composites.

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Migrated from Plastic Food Utensils, Containers, and Packaging Distributed in Korea (국내 유통 식품용 플라스틱 기구 및 용기, 포장의 중금속 위해도 평가)

  • Kyung Youn, Lee;Hyung Soo, Kim;Dae Yong, Jang;Ye Ji, Koo;Seung Ha, Lee;Hye Bin, Yeo;Ji Su, Yoon;Kyung-Min, Lim;Jaeyun, Choi
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2022
  • Heavy metals can be intentionally or unintentionally introduced into plastic food utensils, containers, and packaging (PFUCP) as additives or contaminants, which can be ingested with food by humans. Here, seven-heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, antimony, copper, and manganese) with toxicity concerns were selected, and risk assessment was done by establishing their migration from 137 PFUCP products made of 16 materials distributed in Korea. Migration of heavy metals was examined by applying 4% acetic acid as a food simulant (70℃, 30 minutes) to the PFUCP products. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the analysis of migrated heavy metals, and the reliability of quantitative results was confirmed by checking linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, precision, and expanded uncertainty. As a result of monitoring, heavy metals were detected at a level of non-detection to 8.76 ± 11.87 ㎍/L and most of the heavy metals investigated were only detected at trace amounts of less than 1 ㎍/L on average. However, antimony migrated from PET products was significantly higher than other groups. Risk assessment revealed that all the heavy metals investigated were safe with a margin of exposure above 311. Collectively, we demonstrated that heavy metals migrated from PFUCP products distributed in Korea appear to be within the safe range.

Hygienic Quality of Drinking Water Served in Restaurants and Quality Characteristics of Drinking Water Boiled with Various Plant Materials (외식업소 음용수의 위생실태와 침출재료에 따른 기호성과 저장성)

  • Ahan, Yu-Bok;Jeong, Eun-Ju;Lee, Shin-Ho
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2007
  • The viable cell of 60% drinking water among 25 drinking water served in restaurant of Daegu district showed above 100 CFU/mL which is sanitary standard of drinking water. The 50 CEO of restaurant considered drinking water served in their own restaurant as just safe and were very deficient in aware of sanitation about drinking water. Sensory quality of drinking water boiled with plant materials, such as barley, Cassia semen, corn, Buckwheat, Korean solomon's seal, Chamomile, Brown rice-green and peppermint was improved in color, taste, flavor and overall acceptability compare to marketed drinking water, respectively. Especially drinking water boiled with Korean solomon's seal was the best In overall acceptability. The number of total bacteria reached above $10^2 CFU/mL$ in marketed drinking water after 4 days storage at 10. But the growth of microorganism did not occur in boiled drinking water with Brown rice-green tea, Korean solomon's seal, barley, Cassia semen and com during storage for 10 days at $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. The number of total bacteria reached above $10^2 CFU/mL$ in marketed drinking water after storage for 1 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The growth of microorganism was accelerated in boiled drinking water with corn, Korean solomon's seal, barley, Cassia semen except Brown rice-green tea during storage far 10 days at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively.

Soil Media and Seeding Rates for the Establishment of Kentucky bluegrass Carpet-type Sod over a Plastic Sheet (플라스틱 시트 위에 재배한 켄터키 블루그래스(Poa pratensis) 카펫형 뗏장의 배양토 및 파종량)

  • Shim, Sang-Ryul;Jeong, Dae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.20-28
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    • 1999
  • Nine soil media when placed over a plastic sheet with three seeding rates were evaluated for influence on covering rate, height, growth, surface hardness, tear strength and sod establishment of Kentucky bluegrass. 1. Bark, peat and vermiculite over a plastic sheet had good effect in terms of the establishment of Kentucky bluegrass sod. 2. The good establishment of Kentucky bluegrass sod grown on bark, peat and vermiculite over a plastic sheet seemed to be caused by physical and chemical properties of each soil medium. 3. Sand, sandy loam, perlite and peatmoss caused poor effects on the covering rate, the growth, and the tear strength of Kentucky bluegrass. 4. Optimum seeding rate was $10g/m^2$ in terms of density and competition. 5. Good quality sod more depended on soil media than on seeding rates in this study.

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Production of L-Lactic Acid from Soluble Starch by Enterococcus sp. JA-27. (Enterococcus sp. JA-27에 의한 가용성 전분으로부터 L형 젖산의 생산)

  • 김경아;김미경;장경린;전홍기
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2003
  • Lactic acid bacteria with amylolytic and acid producing activities can ferment starch directly to lactic acid thereby producing a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA). In this study, the strain producing L-lactic acid from soluble starch was isolated from Nuruk. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus sp. through its morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and named Enterococcus sp. JA-27. Enterococcus sp. JA-27 produced exclusively L-lactic acid from soluble starch as a carbon source. The optimal conditions for the maximum production of L-lactic acid from Enterococcus sp. JA-27 were 30 C, pH 8, 1.5 % soluble starch as a substrate and 3.5 % tryptone as a nitrogen source, 0.1 % $K_2$$HPO_4$, 0.04 % $MgSO_4$. $7H_2$O, 0.014 % $MnSO_4$$.$4$H_2O$, 0.004% $FeSO_4$$.$$7H_2$O. Batch and fed batch culture were carried out and the former was more effective. L-Lactic acid production in the optimum medium was significantly increased in a 7 L jar fermenter, where the maximum L-lactic acid concentration was 3 g/L. For the purification of lactic acid in fermented broth, two stage ionexchange column chromatographies were employed and finally identified by HPLC.