• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-96
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• 2018

${\bot}$It is often said that in a purely formal perspective, intuitionistic logic has no obvious advantage to deal with the liar-type paradoxes. In this paper, we will argue that the standard intuitionistic natural deduction systems are vulnerable to the liar-type paradoxes in the sense that the acceptance of the liar-type sentences results in inference to absurdity (${\perp}$). The result shows that the restriction of the Double Negation Elimination (DNE) fails to block the inference to ${\perp}$. It is, however, not the problem of the intuitionistic approaches to the liar-type paradoxes but the lack of expressive power of the standard intuitionistic natural deduction system. We introduce a meta-level negation, ⊬$_s$, for a given system S and a meta-level absurdity, ⋏, to the intuitionistic system. We shall show that in the system, the inference to ${\perp}$ is not given without the assumption that the system is complete. Moreover, we consider the Double Meta-Level Negation Elimination rules (DMNE) which implicitly assume the completeness of the system. Then, the restriction of DMNE can rule out the inference to ${\perp}$.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.27 no.1 s.236
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• pp.8-8
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• 1989

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore health care workers awareness and performance of standard precautions. Methods: Participants were 296 health care workers including nurses, physicians, and medical technicians. Awareness and performance of standard precautions were measured with 4-point Likert scales. The data were analyzed with t-tests and one-way ANOVA by using SPSS 18.0. Results: The mean scores of awareness were 3.72 in nurses, 3.62 in physicians, and 3.47 in medical technicians. There was a significant difference of awareness by occupational classification (F=12.39, p<.001). The mean scores of performance of standard precautions were 3.45 in nurses, 3.19 in physicians, and 3.23 in medical technicians. There was a significant difference of performance by occupational classification (F=10.98, p<.001). In addition, the score of performance of standard precautions was significantly lower than that of awareness (t=11.89, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that awareness and performance of standard precautions were different by occupational classification. To improve performance of standard precautions in hospitals, it is necessary to provide a distinct infection control program by occupational classification.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the intensive care unit nurses' knowledge of and compliance with the standard precautions (universal precaution) as stated in infection control guidelines. Method: From September 14 to September 28, 2006, data were collected via a questionnaire survey from 189 Intensive Care Unit nurses working at three university branch hospitals and one general hospital in Gyeonggi province. Results: The mean knowledge score was 18.8/20.0 (93.9%). The mean compliance score was 3.4/4.0 (85.8%). Two factors influencing compliance were perception of the standard precautions and experience of needle stick injuries over the past year (p<.05). Two factors influencing knowledge were support of co-workers in the use of protective devices and the availability of hand-washing device or waterless alcohol gel (p<.05). Conclusion: In order to improve knowledge and compliance with standard precautions, all factors of importance for knowledge and compliance must be taken into consideration in the clinical work place and in education.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.280-290
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing students' knowledge, self-confidence in compliance, and compliance with standard precautions, and to identify predicting factors of compliance with standard precautions. Method: From May 18 to June 15, 2012, data were collected via questionnaire surveys from 222 nursing students of 2 colleges in G-province. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were used with SPSS 22.0 to analyze the data. Results: The average knowledge score was $0.89{\pm}0.08/1.0$, $3.59{\pm}0.57/4.0$ for self-confidence in compliance, and $0.91{\pm}0.11/1.0$ for compliance. Significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and self-confidence in compliance(r=.14, p=.040), and between self-confidence in compliance and compliance(r=.25, p=.008). Self-confidence in compliance and blood and body fluid exposure were significant factors of compliance(F=5.46, p<.001). Conclusion: To increase nursing students' compliance with standard precautions, continuous efforts must be made to enhance self-confidence in compliance and decrease blood and body fluid exposure.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.293-302
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students' awareness and performance on standard precautions and to provide meaningful information for nursing students' education regarding hospital infection control. Method: Four hundred forty seven nursing students at 6 universities in D-city participated in this study. Data collection was conducted from March to April 2011. Students' awareness and performance on standard precautions of infection control in hospitals were measured using the modified 2007 CDC standard precautions guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The level of students' awareness in the standard precautions was higher than performance. The higher levels of students' awareness and performance on standard precautions included patient care equipment, safe injection practices, and worker safety. The lower levels of students' awareness and performance on standard precautions included hand hygiene and personal protective equipment. There was no difference in the students' awareness and performance of standard precautions according to their characteristics. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment need to be stressed more within the program to improve nursing students' infection control techniques.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the characteristics and knowledge of needlestick injuries, and compliance with standard precautions, in healthcare workers. Method: The participants were 185 healthcare workers working at university hospitals. Data were collected in May 2016 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: It was found that 45.4% of the subjects had experienced needlestick injuries. The most common rate of getting injured was 1 or 2 times, and the most common reason for the occurrence of needlestick injuires was carelessness(66.6%). The mean scores for knowledge of needlestick injuries and compliance with standard precautions were above average. Significant correlations were found between knowledge of needlestick injuries and compliance with standard precautions in health workers, and Characteristics were related to the significant differences seen in both. Conclusion: These findings indicate that standard precautions and guidelines for the use of sharp instruments should be emphasized in order to prevent needlestick injuries in healthcare workers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 2022

Purpose: This study is to establish a structural model for standard precautions compliance of nursing students. This conceptual model was based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) model of Fisher and Fisher. Methods: Data were collected from October 12 to December 1, 2020, and the subjects were nursing students from G metropolitan city and J province, and the data of a total of 334 subjects were analyzed. For data analysis, this study used the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: 𝑥²=106.46 (p<.001), 𝑥²/df=2.54, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04, CFI=.96, TLI=.94. It was confirmed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the standard precautions compliance in nursing students were in the order of self-efficacy, social support, personal attitude, and standard precautions knowledge. The model explained 48.3% of the variance in standard precautions compliance of nursing students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply various specialized extracurricular programs that can induce an individual attitude toward observing standard precautions compliance in a positive direction in relationships with teachers and peers and gain their support.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.154-157
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• 2005

본 연구는 한국어를 학습한 경험이 없는 일본인의 한국어 치경폐쇄음 세 음소 범주(/ㄷ/, /ㄸ/, /ㅌ/)에 대한 지각 학습이 양순폐쇄음 세 음소(/ㅂ/. /ㅃ/, /ㅍ/) 지각에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 김윤현과 김정오 (2005)는 일본인들이 지각 학습과제에서 한국어 치경폐쇄음 세 범주를 구분할 때 기식성. 긴장성과 같은 변별 자질에 선택주의 하게 됨을 시사하는 결과를 얻었다. 치경음에 대한 지각 학습으로 적절한 단서에 선택주의 하게 되었다면, 같은 지각 차원에 따라 세 범주로 구분되는 양순음의 경우에도 치경폐쇄음 학습 후 음성자극들을 옳게 범주화를 할 것이다. 실험 결과, 치경폐쇄음 자극(/다/, /따/, /타/)만으로 이루어진 동일-상이판단 학습 과제에서 치경폐쇄음 파악의 정확율은 29.1%(표준오차=3.02) 증가하였고, 조음 위치의 변화에 따른 음향적 차이에도 불구하고 양순폐쇄음의 정반응율도 15.8%(표준오차=3.27)의 향상을 보였다. 이 전이효과는 치경음 지각 학습 때문에 일본인들이 폐쇄음의 세 음소 범주를 구분하는 적절한 지각 차원에 선택주의하게 되었음을 시사한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.275-277
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• 2018

선박 및 해상교통관제에 있어서 교통 혼잡구역에 대한 선박교통밀도 예측은 선박충돌사고 예방에 중요하다. 선박 교통밀도 예측정보는 사전에 진입하는 선박들에게 속력조정, 우회항로 이용 등 사전 조치가 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 해상 선박교통상황을 딥러닝 네트워크에 학습한 주의구역 선박교통류 예측 모델(Ship Traffic Extraction Network, STENet)을 제안하여 주의구역의 선박교통류 예측을 수행하고자 한다. STENet 모델 학습을 위해 여수해역 AIS 데이터를 전처리하고, 생성된 입력(해상교통상황)-출력(주의구역 교통밀도) 쌍 데이터를 적용하여 STENet 모델을 학습하였다. 학습된 모델을 이용하여 선박교통류 예측을 한 결과, 중기예측은 표준 절대 오차(mean absolute error)가 0.4-0.5척이 였으며, 장기예측은 0.7-0.8척의 오차로 기존의 Dead Reckoning에 의한 방법보다 50% 이상 교통밀도 예측성능이 향상 되었다.