• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.6 no.1 s.7
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 1997

Oil painting shows a wide variety of damages due to differentcohesiveness between materials and different responses to temperature and humidity. The deforming flatness of canvas is a major cause of deterioration. The heat, pressure and moisture, and classical materials which had been traditionally used to correct the deformation of supports have caused damages to the paintings. In modern restoration of paintings, new methods have been developed to avoid the use of such potentially harmful elements. In this paper the correcting of deformed support with the use of low-pressure table, deformation correction frame and new materials, which has been developed both to protect the works and to maximize the effect of restoration.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.5 s.54
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2003

Long cylinder, subjected to internal pressure, is important in the analysis and design of nuclear fuel rod structures. In many cases, long cylinder problems have been considered as a plane strain condition. However, strictly speaking, long cylinder problems are not plane strain problems, but rather a general plane strain (GPS) condition, which is a combination of a plane strain state and a uniform strain state. The magnitude of the uniform axial strain is required, in order to make the summation of the axial force zero. Although there has been the GPS element, this paper proposes a general technique to solve long cylinder problems, using several pseudo-general plane strain (PGPS) elements. The conventional GPS elements and PGPS elements employed are as follows: axisymmetric GPS element (GA3), axisymmetric PGPS element (PGA8/6), 2-D GPS element (GIO), 3-D PGPS element (PG20/16), and reduced PGPS elements (RPGA6, RPG20/16). In particular, PGPS elements (PGA8/6, PG20/16) can be applied in periodic structure problems. These finite elements are tested, using several kinds of examples, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed finite element models.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.350-360
• /
• 2016

In order to investigate characteristics of waves and currents varying in space in the Haeundae coast in winter, numerical simulations by using a 2-D spectral wave model(SWAN) and 2-DH hydrodynamic model(Delft3D) were carried out in this study. The results of numerical simulations were validated with the field data collected at several different locations in the study area in February, 2014. From the numerical simulations, it was found that waves and currents were significantly influenced in terms of direction and magnitude by bottom topography characterized by straggling rock crops covered with sea grasses. The coupling of SWAN and Delft3D models also revealed that alongshore currents directing from the east to the west were developed in the nearshore, due to the influence of larger waves with the main incident direction from the east.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2009

The present paper briefly describes the space frame element and the fundamental strategies in computational elastic bifurcation theory of geometrically nonlinear, single load parameter conservative elastic spatial structures. A method for large deformation(rotation) analysis of space frame is based on an eulerian formulation, which takes into consideration the effects of large joint translations and rotations with finite deformation(rotation). The local member force-deformation relationships are based on the beam-column approach, and the change in member chord lengths caused by axial strain and flexural bowing are taken into account. and the derived geometric stiffness matrix is unsymmetric because of the fact that finite rotations are not commutative under addition. To detect the singular point such as bifurcation point, an iterative pin-pointing algorithm is proposed. And the path switching mode for bifurcation path is based on the non-negative eigen-value and it's corresponding eigen-vector. Some numerical examples for bifurcation analysis are carried out for a plane frame, plane circular arch and space dome structures are described.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2008

This paper analyzed the effects related to the difference of the geometrical shape of the ground excavation by comparing the displacements of the earth retaining wall of the strut resulting from the change of the excavation breadth B and the excavation length L, adopting the three dimensional FDM analysis. It appeared that the displacement of the earth retaining wall of the strut increases in accordance with the increase of L/B and it decreases as it becomes nearer from the center to the comer where the temporary structural system forms, and the wale member is closured because of the effects of the confining effect by the closure of the earth retaining wall and the wale member. This paper proposed a formula in which the results of three dimensional FDM analysis which considers the shape of the excavation plane can be obtained from those of two dimentional FDM analysis which does not consider the shape of the excavation plane. And the results of the formula were compared with those of the site instrumentation analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1989.06b
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 1989

누설방지를 목적으로 산업용 기계에서 많이 사용되고 있는 기계평면시일(mechanical face seal)은 기능상 높은 신뢰도를 요구하고 있다. 이를 위하여 동적 안정성이 커야되고, 밀봉된 유체의 누설을 최소화시킬 수 있는 정도에서 시일의 수명을 결정해야 한다. 이와같이 상반된 성질을 동시에 만족시키기 위하여 시일 성능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기하학적 요인들을 고려하여 해석해야 한다. 일반적으로 미끄럼 접촉운동을 하고 있는 시일에서 시일링 간극(sealing gap)이 수 micron 단위라는 점을 고려할때 시일 조립시 중심맞추기(alignnment) 정미\ulcorner 결여 및 회전축의 자중량 등에 의한 기계적 변형(mechanical distortion), 특히 고온의 분위기에서 작동되고 있는 시일의 열변형(thermal distortion)은 시일의 경사집에 커다란 영햐을 주고 있다. 또한 누설을 최소화시킬 목적으로 시일 링(seal ring) 을 시일의 경사짐에 커다란 영향을 주고 있는 스프링의 강성도를 증가시키면 상대 미끄럼 운동을 하고 있는 접촉명이 건조마찰에 의한 마멸이 진행되어 코닝(coning)현상이 생긴다. 시일 평면에서 코닝 현상은 시일의 축방향 분리력(axial separtating force)과 경사 모우면트(tilting moment)에 커다란 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 알여졌다. 이들의 연구는 주로 경사진 시일평판에 시일근사치이논(seal approximation bhoryl)을 이용하여 1차원 비압축성에 관한 시월 성능을 해석하였다. 본 연구에서는 비압축성 유체의 점성이 온도에 의하여 변화를 일으키는 조건하에서 경사진 회전시일에 코닝이 발생되었을때 시일링 각극에서의 압력분포를 ㅈ차원인 경우에 대하여 수치적으로 해석을 하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.1433-1445
• /
• 1994

In this paper, an coherent optical correlator system based on the off-axis projection synthetic discriminant funtion (OA-pSDF) was analyzed and implemented optically. The filter was synthesized by combining conventional pSDF with single reference plane wave multiplexing. Synthesized pSDF were transformed to binary phase only filters (BPOFs) and fabricated as computer generated holograms(CGHs), which was used in the real time optical correlator system instead of using expensive spatial light modulators(SLMs). From the characteristic test, it was found that OA-pSDF showed distortion invariance and good performances in discrminating subset images. The proposed OA-pSDF BPOF could overcome the limitations of conventional BPOFs : that is distortion variance such as acale and rotation, especially out of plane variance.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2006

This paper provides a new topology optimization technique which is intended to maximize the fundamental frequency with simultaneous consideration of other natural frequencies in the form of multi-frequency problems. The modal strain energy is considered as the objective function to be minimized and the initial volume of structures is used as the constraint function. The resizing algorithm based on the optimality criteria is adopted to update the hole size existing inside the material. From numerical tests, the proposed technique is found to be very effective to maximize the fundamental frequency of the structure and it can also successfully consider several higher mode effects into the optimum topology of structure through the introduction of weights.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 2009

The gas turbine engine structures usually are placed on high thermal mechanical stress condition. For general low cycle fatigue evaluation, simple fatigue criterion based on critical plane approach is developed. LCF life of turbine wheel is evaluated with this criterion and process contrived together.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2001.09a
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2001

본 논문은 직접 변위 설계법의 기본개념을 이용하여 비대칭 평면을 갖는 벽 식구조의 변위에 근거한 내진설계방법을 제안한다. 제안된 설계방법은 구조시스템의 각 벽체의 강도비와 강성비 및 목적 설계 변위를 결정하고, 직접 변위 설계법에 따라 설계하중은 구하는 과정으로 이루어진다. 탄성 영역에서는 강성 편심을, 비탄성 영역에서는 강도 편심을 주요한 설계변수로 사용하였다 성능에 기초한 내진설계의 개념에 따라 비대칭 평면을 갖는 구조물이 요구되는 성능 수준을 효과적으로 만족할 수 있도록 본 논문은 시스템의 비틀림 미케니즘과 각 벽체의 변형능력을 고려하였다. 제안된 설계방법을 이용하여 중진과 강진 지역에 대해 예제 구조물의 설계하중을 구하고, 최적의 설계방법을 제안하였다.