• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.546-550
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• 2017

하천의 수리 및 하도의 특성으로 대표되는 물리적 환경(하도 및 수리 특성)은 생태계 기반으로서 수질특성과 더불어 생물에 미치는 영향이 아주 크다. 따라서 하천의 물리적 환경을 진단하고 평가하는 경우에는 상 중 하류의 위치에 따른 하도의 지형학적 특성과 하천의 규모 및 유량의 크기 등에 따라 하천의 유형을 분류하고 그 유형별 특성에 따라 하천환경의 평가시스템을 구축할 필요가 있다. 1980년 후반 이후에는 세계 각국에서 환경보전, 하천복원 및 하천관리 등 종합적인 하천공학적 관점에서 적용할 수 있는 하천분류체계가 제시되었으며 1990년대 이후 선진국들은 정성적 또는 정량적인 하천의 서식환경 평가시스템을 구축하여 적용하고 있으며 대표적으로 정량적 평가시스템을 운영하는 국가는 독일과 미국이고, 정성적 평가시스템을 운영하는 국가는 영국이며, 호주는 영국과 미국의 평가시스템을 통합한 시스템을 운영하고 있다. 한편, 국내에서는 하천환경에서 생태계 기반인 하천의 물리적 특성(구조)에 대한 평가 및 진단 절차도 없이 시행되고 있는 사례가 대부분이다. 또한 지금까지는 하천의 자연도 평가 연구 등에서 선진국들의 하천환경평가시스템을 여과 없이 적용함으로써 국내의 하천특성을 제대로 반영하지 못하는 문제점을 노출하고 있다. 따라서 국내 하천의 물리환경 평가시스템에서는 생물 서식의 기반이 되는 하천의 하도지형 특성 및 수리특성을 반영할 수 있어야 한다. 하천평가에 앞서 하천유형 분류에 따른 하도특성은 하상경사에 따라서 급경사 하천(high-gradient stream), 중경사 하천(mid-gradient stream), 완경사 하천(low-gradient stream)으로 구분하였으며 하천의 물리환경 평가시스템의 평가영역 및 평가지표는 정량적 평가시스템을 운영하는 독일(LAWA, 2004)과 미국(EPA, 2004)의 연구결과를 참고하여 공통지표를 추출하고, 우리나라의 하천이용 및 정비현황을 반영하여 하천유형을 3가지로 분류하고 각 하천유형에 대하여 3개 영역 10개 평가지표를 5개 등급으로 구분하여 평가시스템을 구축하였다. 하천에 대한 하천 지형특성과 현황을 조사할 항목은 수리 및 하도영역의 6개 항목, 하안영역의 2개 항목, 하천교란 영역 2개 항목으로 3개 영역으로 구분해서 평가하고 그 점수에 따라 1등급은 매우좋음(1등급)상태의 $20>{\sim}18{\geq}$점, 좋음(2등급)상태의 $18>{\sim}14{\geq}$점, 보통(3등급)상태의 $14>{\sim}8{\geq}$점, 나쁨(4등급)상태의 $8>{\sim}14{\geq}$점, 매우나쁨(5등급)상태의 4>점으로 등급을 산정하였다. 매우 좋음의 1등급은 참조하천이며 좋음~매우나쁨의 2등급~5등급은 비교하천으로 구분하였으며 보통보다 높은 경우는 자연하천, 낮은 경우는 인공하천으로 나누어 서식처 기반에 따라 평가체계를 구축하였다. 한국형 하천환경 물리평가 체계가 확실히 구축되기 위해서는 각자의 평가 등급이 적절하게 평가 되는지를 검증해야 하기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 하천유형별 자연하천과 인공하천을 비교 분석하였고 평가 영역별 평가지표를 기준으로 상관분석을 통한 상관성을 분석하고 더 나아가 가중치의 적절성 및 각각의 등급에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.258-264
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• 2017

The stability and accuracy of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) used for evaluating the contents of rutin and quercetin in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) seeds extracted by seven different extraction methods were determined. The seven extraction methods were reflux extraction (RE), ultra-sonification extraction (UE), stirrer extraction (SE), RE after UE (UE+RE), RE after SE (SE+RE), UE after SE (SE+UE), and RE with UE after SE (SE+UE+RE). Among the seven extraction methods used, RE yielded comparatively higher contents of rutin (2,277 mg/ 100 g) and quercetin (158 mg/100 g) than those yielded by other six extraction methods. The intra-day repeatability and inter-day precision of RE was 0.4-3.2% considering relative standard deviation (RSD), while accuracy was 88.8-102.4%. Therefore, RE with UPLC would be a rapid, accurate, and stable method for analyzing rutin and quercetin contents in tartary buckwheat.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

This study presents the emergency assessment method about seismic safety of cable-supported bridges using seismic acceleration sensors installed on the primary structural elements of them. The structural models of bridges are updated iteratively to make their dynamic characteristics to be similar to those of real bridges based on the comparison of their natural frequencies with those of real bridges estimated from acceleration data measured at ordinary times by the seismic acceleration sensor. The displacement at the location of each seismic acceleration sensor is derived by seismic analysis using design earthquake, and the peak value of them is determined as the disaster management criteria in advance. The displacement time history is calculated by the double integration of the acceleration time history which is recorded at each seismic acceleration sensor and filtered by high cut(low pass) and low cut(high pass) filters. Finally, the seismic safety is evaluated by the comparison of the peak value in calculated displacement time history with the disaster management criteria determined in advance. The applicability of proposed methodology is verified by performing the seismic safety assessment of 12 cable-supported bridges using the acceleration data recorded during Gyeongju earthquake.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of a tool used to measure dental anxiety and fear. The Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear ($IDAF-4C^+$) was translated into Korean, and modified and revised to adapt to Korean culture. A survey was conducted among 457 patients in a dental clinic. The validity and reliability were determined using PASW Statistics ver. 18.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS ver. 21.0. Factor analysis showed that Korean version of $IDAF-4C^+$ was composed of three elements: dental anxiety, dental phobia, feared stimulus. The validity of the model was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and satisfied relevant requirements. All elements had convergent validity and discriminant validity exceeding requirements to ensure validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ showed good reliability. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of $IDAF-4C^+$ has high validity and reliability. Furthermore, it can be used in clinical practice and research to decrease dental anxiety and fear.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.422-434
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the types of college admission that should be strengthened or reflected in universities and to suggest the direction of entrance examination by identifying the actual implementation of the literature-science integrated 2015 revised national curriculum. In order to do so, in-depth interviews on the current state were executed to five curriculum experts. As a result of the interview, it was found that the introduction and adoption of clear admission types look into the inner side of high school life are necessary. Also, it is required to establish specific criteria for student selection expand in-depth interviews related to learning activities in high school, strengthen evaluation competence of admission staffs and recruit more evaluation personnel. In addition, in order to revitalize the 2015 revised curriculum, it is necessary to evaluate how many subjects, especially in career-related subjects, students have taken in order to expand the school record-focused system. For this, it is required to extract evaluation elements and criteria of universities that can grasp continuous and active role performance, and to design a typical design that can objectively judge them. This study can contribute to the settlement of the selection process that can revitalize public education. And it is expected that the selection of the talents desired by the university will be used as a possible basic data.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, there have been attempts to claim the hair moisturizing effect for a hair care product, however there has not yet been an official evaluation method because heating temperature for hair has not been established. This study was conducted to establish a quantitative evaluation for hair water content. In order to observe the behavior of water inside hair, heat was applied to hair with various temperatures using thermogravimetric dry residue. As the heating temperature increased, the amount of moisture released from the hair increased. As a result of evaluating hair using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a unique phenomenon in which a rapid endothermic reaction occurs around 75 ℃ was observed. This phenomenon was also observed in different ethnic hair. In hair that damaged the hair cuticle barrier with oxidation and heat, this rapidly rising endothermic reaction temperature occurred at 77 ℃, which was slightly higher, and 73 ℃ was observed when this hair was applied with polar oil, conditioning polymer, or keratin protein. To determine how this reaction affects the hair surface, friction test was performed using an atomic force microscope. When heated above 75 ℃, cuticle friction increased, however when heated above 90 ℃, there was no change in hair cuticle friction. Finally, it was confirmed that around 75 ℃ is the critical temperature at which desorption of water bound to the hair occurs. It is suggested that a heating temperature of 75 ℃ is the optimal temperature for detecting and quantifying the moisture content of hair, and that approximately 10% detected at 75 ℃ can be a standard value for hair moisture content.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR-ATR) was applied to chemical analysis for conservation status of 10 human bone remains from Joseon Dynasty. The result of crystallinity index (CI) is $4.25{\pm}0.78$, carbonate to carbonate ratio (C/C) is $0.91{\pm}0.04$ and cabonate content (C/P) is $0.19{\pm}0.06$. The higher histological index (HI) confirmed CI and C/P value was increased and C/C value was reduced. While C/C or C/P values analysis is possible. While DNA analysis can be extracted from the bone, C/C values are lower or C/P values are higher was found to the analysis is possible. Chemical assessment of FTIR and histological index consequence is expected to be applicable as a basis for comprehensive understanding of the conservation status excavated bones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1999

The quality of image classification results is not always uniform over entire image. Thus, this study proposes the concept of ISDd (Index of Spatial Distribution by distance) and ISDs (ISD by scatteredness) for the evaluation of unevenness of result quality, and spatial distribution of satellite image classification errors. The ISDd is indexed mean distance of misclassified pixels and the ISDs is statistical indicator of scatteredness of misclassified pixels. In this study, the ISDd and the ISDs are calculated and evaluated for some satellite images, then misclassified area is extracted and the reasons of misclassification are examined. As the result of this study, using both the ISDd and the ISDs, the basis of decision on adoption/rejection of classification results is offered at sub-image level by evaluation of the local aggregation of misclassified pixels. Using Index of Spatial Distribution. as well as overall classification accuracy, users can understand the spatial distribution of misclassified pixels, and can have the additional criterion of the judgement on suitability and reliability of classification results.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.89-99
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• 2003

Wearability, mobility and context awareness distinguish intelligent jackets from other hand-held devices. This research investigated usability elements reflecting those characters of intelligent jackets. In the fist study, we performed the experts' reviews (cognitive walkthrough) with the first version of intelligent jackets. As expected, we found that new categorization of the usability evaluation element was needed for the unique features of intelligent jackets. In the second study, we carried out group interviews (structured interviews) to examine user needs, attitudes and important factors for using intelligent jackets. In this study, user groups were divided into early adaptors and laggards on the basis of their challenge and attitude toward the new technology From these interviews, we found that the early adapters accepted the intelligent jacket as a computer system and they considered functional elements as important factors. However, the laggards thought the intelligent jacket as a wear, and they regarded the external design and psychological burden as important factors.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-71
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• 2011

Lately, developing systems fully interoperable with others is considered an essential element for successful projects, as not only do e-commerce becomes ubiquitous but also distributed systems' paradigm spreads. However, since definitions of interoperability vary by viewpoints, it is still difficult to have the same understanding and evaluation criteria on interoperability. For instance, various interoperability parties in military use different definitions of interoperability, and its T&E is not conducted according to the definition, but only to levels of information exchange. In this paper, we proposed a new definition of interoperability as followsm First of all, we collected existing and various interoperability definitions, extracting key components in each of them. Second, we statistically analyzed those components and applied the association rules discovery in data mining. We compared existing interoperability definitions to ours. From this research, we found associations among the components from various definitions applying market-basketanalysis, redefining interoperability. Key findings of this research can contribute to a unified viewpoint on the definition, level, and evaluation items of interoperability.