• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.91-117
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• 2018

In the tribute system controlling international relations of pre-modern East Asia, conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities was a principle of diplomatic relations among each nation. Therefore, capitals where royal authorities really existed were political centers and diplomatic stages at the same time. Notably, diplomatic relations between United Silla and Japan were maintained dually by conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities and practical diplomacy through Dazaihu located in Tsukushi. Tsukushi located at the northwestern tip of Kyushu was a gateway to foreign nations and stronghold in terms of national defense. Amidst an East Asian war named Baek River Battle in 663, the royal court of Daehwa established Dazaihu here because it was necessary for diplomatic and military responses. Dazaihu established as part of diplomatic negotiation not only took diplomatic functions as an official residence since the latter half of the 7thcentury. and but also was used as a stage of official diplomacy between Silla and Japan. Diplomatic negotiation between Silla and Japan through Dazaihu was made in practical methods and such a situation could be confirmed through diplomatic documents exchanged between Silla and Dazaihu in the middle of the 8thcentury. At that time, protocols became an importan tissue.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1995.08a
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• pp.85-85
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• 1995

I. 삼척시 개요 II. 역사개요 1. 200년전에 실직곡 국가로 2. 1800년전에 통일신라에 병합 3. 1250년전에 삼척군으로 개칭 4. 590년전에 문화재 죽서루(보물213)준공 5. 60년전에 삼척철도부설 6. 30년전에 쌍룡양회 동해공장 준공 7. 1978년에 죽서 문화제 시행 8. 1982년에 삼척공업전문대학 신설 9. 1993년에 4년제 삼척산업대학 개칭 10. 1995. 4.25에 삼척군.삼척시의 통합으로 삼척시(중략)

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.10
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• pp.63-74
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• 2009

During excavations of the historic sites in Bongnyong-dong, Sangju, a total of 81 ancient wells constructed during the Unified Silla (668 - 935), Goryeo (918 - 1392) and Joseon (1392 - 1910) periods were found. Wood was mainly used for the bottom structure of the well beneath the stone walls. A total of 136 pieces of wood from the wells were analyzed to ascertain their species, and six species were identified: 116 pieces, accounting for 85.9% of the total, of Pinus densiflora, one piece of Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc., nine pieces of Castanea sp., three pieces of Quercus acutissima Carruth., one piece of Quercus serrata Thunb., and five pieces of Acer sp. The fact that most of the pieces of wood were pine indicates that pine was considered a suitable wood for the construction of wells in pre-modern period.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.73-104
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• 2007

Centering around ruins recognized of being relatively early stage related to flat tile and brick, excavated in Silla capital area, the study attempted elementary approach to seek the appearance time of every remain through comparing them from the excavated cases and production methods of Short beating, Medium beating plate, Long beating plate and Stamped-roof tile. Gyeongju began to use the short beating plate made of tile-less plates or tile plate and increased its quantity. That is deemed to be due to efficiency of beating plate making methods, and moreover to be limited only for use in the palace castle and offices. That is, making short beating plates is presumed to be made merely under some definite objectives. Medium beating plate has been spread to the whole country since Silla and Baekje united. Differently from Koguryo and Baekje, Silla had its unique Beating-plates making technology available for mass-production, which was spread to the whole country and resulted in disappearing of Koguryo and Baekje technology. Long beating plate was not nearly founded in Gyeongju area, but flat tile and common tile excavated in Sachunwang Temple site and Samrang Temple 3rd remains are known. In the outskirts of Gyeongju, long beating plate appeared between the latter half of 8C and the beginning of 9C. Until now, different views have raised to appearance of long beating plate of Unified Silla, which is expected to be clarified under the situation excavated by position relations. Stamped-roof title in Gyeongju is estimated as used after the datum point year 679. While in Baekje area, five stems and branches were involved, in Silla area, code or sign was shown much. The difference between two areas would be due to each other factory, and especially the marked contents werenot letters, which means it had been changed from Baekje s existing-methods. That is, it says the production environment changed owing to Silla's merging. And stamped-roof tile was temporarily used in Gyeongju but soon disappeared, which was because Silla beating plates made under cylinder-shaped tile barrel(圓筒瓦桶) and hitting-pressing of Medium beating plate had beenspread to the whole country, so the production technology of Koguryo and Baekje was naturally dismissed. In consequence, the mergence by Silla brought about unification of each nation's special technology.

• Journal of the Korean hospital association
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• v.34 no.5 s.297
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

신라천년의 고도로 삼국통일의 대업을 이룩하는데 견인차 역할을 한 화랑도의 함성이 메아리쳤던 경주! 동국대병원. 병원 앞을 흐르는 하천(형산강)엔 새하얀 자태를 뽐내며 백조가 무리지어 한가로이 노닐다 내원객을 반기기라도 하듯 날개짓을 하며, 정문 좌우측 석등은 불교재단 병원의 기품을 더해준다(사무실 부서명칭 푯말도 매우 인상적인 연꽃 엠블렘으로 장식).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

영국에서 세계 최초의 철도가 탄생할 즈음에는 교통기관으로서 이미 도로와 운하를 이용한 전국적인 교통망이 만들어져 있었으며, 철도는 나중에 조잡하게 교통망이 형성되기 시작하였다. 우리 나라의 경우에 통일신라시대 이후 조선말기까지의 도로는 주로 외침을 방어하기 위한 우마차 도로가 전부였고, 이후 조선말기와 일제시대에 자동차가 도입되면서 근대적인 도로가 본격적으로 형성되기 시작하였다. (중략)

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.58
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• pp.85-117
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• 2001

This paper is focused on Buddhistic and ancient fortress excavated recently in Cheonnam Province. The outcome of Buddhism is researching the building place of the period of the Unified Shilla Period in Geumdunsaji(金芚寺址). This is the first research for Bud

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2022

With the recent proliferation of Hallyu content, national interest in Korea and the demand for designs with traditional Korean patterns as a motif is on the rise. In addition, as customers' design requirements tend to value more and more detailed and differentiated handcrafted designs, research on the motifs used in nail experts' original nail design development and nail design is continuously needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to expand the scope of nail design motifs with high practical value by producing nail design works applying plant patterns of Wadang, used during the Unified Silla Period, and to diversify nail art expression techniques. The research reviewed domestic and foreign literature related to Wadang during the Unified Silla Period, analyzed the collection at the National Museum of Korea, and categorized the motifs based on the characteristics of plant patterns and Wadang during the Unified Silla Period. The tangible motifs are intended to be presented as a fusion of nail art design works that utilizes both flat and stereoscopic art techniques. Through this study, it was confirmed that the plant pattern of Wadang from the Unified Silla Period is an attractive motif that can be expressed in various nail designs expressing Korean emotions and traditional beauty, and furthermore, it can be used as basic data for the idea of various beauty design areas.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.151-174
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• 2022

According to the "Special Act on the Restoration and Maintenance of the Core Relics of the Shilla Kingdom" enacted in 2019, the Shilla Kingdom refers to the capital of Shilla and Unified Shilla period, and refers to Gyeongju, where the king lived, and the nearby area. Shilla Wanggyeong is a heritage registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000 under the name of Gyeongju Historic Site and belongs to Wolseong District, Hwangnyongsa District, and Daeneungwon District among the five districts registered as Gyeongju Historic Site. Unlike the Namsan and Sanseong districts, the Shilla Kingdom is a heritage consisting mostly of archaeological sites without physical substance. Gyeongju City sought to promote local tourism while providing more direct experiences to visitors by restoring the heritage that constitutes the Shilla Kingdom. Starting with the restoration of Woljeonggyo Bridge in 2005, the Shilla Wanggyeong restoration project began in earnest. Gyeongju City tried to restore the building site on the west side of Donggung Palace and Wolji after Woljeonggyo Bridge, but it was canceled due to opposition from the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee opposed the restoration and recommended a heritage impact assessment for similar projects in the future. During the miscarriage impact assessment procedure, there is an OUV attribute analysis process of the heritage to be evaluated. This study intends to preemptively derive OUV attributes for the Silla Kingdom through literature and overseas case analysis. In the case of literature research, domestic and foreign research data related to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Management were examined, and in overseas cases, the architectural works of Krakow Historical District, Stonehenge and Abbury Geoseok Ruins in England, and Le Corbusier were analyzed. Through this, the outstanding universal value attributes of the Silla Kingdom were derived. This study is expected to be used as a reference in the process of restoration projects of other heritage constituting the Shilla Kingdom or construction plans in nearby areas in the future and serve as an indicator to improve the management system of the Shilla Kingdom more efficiently from the perspective of world heritage.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.99-116
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• 2020

This study examines the results of analyses of the lead isotope ratio and chemical composition of lead glass and green glaze from ancient Northeast Asia in order to suggest their production sites and reveal further characteristics. The comparison of the lead isotope ratio of lead glass and green glaze from two Baekje remains in Iksan-the Wanggung-ri Site and Mireuksa Temple Site-suggests that they were produced to the west of the South Gyeonggi Massif (Zone 4) using lead extracted from the same area. With a few exceptions, it has proved difficult to identify the production sites of most of the green-glazed roof tiles from Unified Silla-period Buddhist temples across Northeast Asia. The major component of the lead glass from Baekje, Silla, China, and Japan during the seventh century is PbO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CuO, and Fe₂O₃, with a ratio of PbO and SiO₂ of 70 and 30 wt.%, respectively. The green-glazed roof tiles excavated from a temple from the Unified Silla period have a high proportion of lead, ranging from 64 to 90 wt.%. Green-glazed lozenge tiles excavated from the Sacheonwangsa Temple site in Gyeongju were shown to contain PbO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and CuO, a similar composition with lead glass. An experiment was conducted to reproduce a glaze according to the production method mentioned in the Zō hotokesho sakumotsu-chō (Buddhist statue workshop crop book) in the Shosoin Repository. In this experiment, an identical ratio of PbO was observed for Japanese green-glazed ceramics from the eighth to eleventh century as that found in Chinese lead-glazed ceramics excavated from kilns operated from the seventh to tenth century in Henan. This indicates that production methods for lead glass and glaze were shared across Northeast Asia.