• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 2001

This study was covered with the analysis of five kinds of the middle school science text books(chemistry part) based on the oth curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activities part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension and the results are as follows;1. In the analysis of the contents in the middle school science textbooks(chemistry part), the average number of total pages was 197.6. The illustration and picture were contained 0.66 in number per a page, and the average number of further readings was 5.8.2. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the total number of themes in five kinds of textbooks was 222. And the number of imquiry activities in five kinds of textbooks was siverse : A textbook had 51, B texbook 49, C textbook 37 and E textbook 35.3. For the analysis of inquiry process dimension. it follows in the order of 'interpreing data and formulating generalizations (42.4%)','observation and measuring (38.1%)','seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it (7.8%)' and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model(11.7%)'.4. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the scientific context occupied 94.2%, the individual context 0.4%, the social context 2.7% and the technical context 2.7%. It shows that the proportion of STS(Science-Technology-Society) related contents in inquiry activities was only 5.8%.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the Structural Equation Model (SEM) of scientific problem finding ability based on science related attitude, motivation and self-regulation learning strategy of the gifted in science. A total of 153 scientifically gifted students were selected from a university-based Sifted education center The instruments used for the study were Test of Science-Related Attitudes, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and Science Problem Finding Test. In order to examine Structural Equation Model (SEM) of scientific problem finding ability, we assumed scientific problem finding model related to science inquiry, model I (domain specific), and scientific problem finding model related to creativity, model II (domain general) The results of this research are as follows. First, the correlations between science related attitudes and MSLQ were significant; motivation and self-regulated learning strategy as sub factors were positively correlated to science related attitudes. Only scientific attitude as a sub factor of science related attitudes was significantly correlated to elaboration of creativity category in scientific problem finding ability. In other hand, self-regulated learning strategy was significantly correlated to elaboration, inquiry motivation and inquiry level in scientific problem finding ability. Second, as the results of SEM analysis, we confirmed model I and model II were the best adequate through the indices of best fit (TLI, CFI>.90, RMSEA<.08); scientific problem finding ability was directly influenced motivation and self-regulated learning strategy but science related attitudes indirectly influenced scientific problem finding ability through motivation and self-regulated learning strategy. Based on the results, the implications for science gifted education were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the change in science core competency perception of high school students and the reason for change when science inquiry classes were conducted using eight 'skills' of the 2015 revised science curriculum. Fifteen first-year high school students in Jeollanam-do participated in the science inquiry class of this study, and the class was conducted for 20 hours (5 hours a day for four days). The inquiry activities used in the class consisted of four activity stages (research problems, research methods, research results, and conclusions) and each stage was constructed to include at least one 'skill (Problem Recognition, Model Development and Use, Inquiry Design and Performance, Data Collection, Analysis and Interpretation, Mathematical Thinking and Computer Application, Conclusion and Evaluation, Evidence-based Discussion and Demonstration, and Communication)'. As a result of the study, students' perception of the five science core competencies increased statistically significantly at the significance level of 0.01 through inquiry classes and more than 93% of students recognized that their science core competencies improved through the classes. However, since the class of this study was conducted for a small number of students, it is difficult to generalize the effect of the class, and so it is necessary to conduct a quantitative study for many students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduates' characteristics of problem-solving process through analysis of the response patterns on problem-solving laboratory. For this purpose, 18 freshmen taking a problem-solving-type general chemistry laboratory had been interviewed for the analysis of the characteristics of problem-solving process. According to the results, the students' responses have been classified into five types; trying to solve problems using new factors, trying to solve problems by finding missing factors in manual, recognizing problem-situations but just repeating the given process, not recognizing problem-situations but trying to solve doubts generated during execution, satisfying about results, and taking no further action. These results can be used as materials to suggest the role model of the students' laboratory execution and to look back on each students' execution.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

정보통신의 발달로 교육이 학습자 중심의 형태로 바뀌어 가면서 학습자의 자기 주도적인 능력이 점점 중요해지고 있다. 인터넷 학습환경에서도 학습자가 통제권을 가지고 학습자가 모든 선택과 조직을 할 수 있도록 허용되어 학습자는 학습방향의 상실과 인지적 부담의 문제를 초래한다. 이러한 문제를 해결 할 수 있는 방법 중의 하나가 학습자 특성에 맞는 교육이다. 본 연구에서는 장이론에 따라 학습자 특성을 구분하고 장의존 학습자에게 적응적인 웹 코스웨어 설계요소를 반영하여 웹 코스웨어의 설계전략을 탐구하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop problem-solving experiments and investigate the effects of these experiments on student attitudes. According to results the experiments were effective in changing student attitude from 'dead reckoners' to 'empiricists'. In addition, these experiments effectively changed perceptions about experiments, especially in the sub-categories of difference recognition, degree of inquiry, and use of debate.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.46 no.1 s.116
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

Students experience many problem solving activities in school mathematics. These activities have focused on finding the solution whose existence was known, and then again conjecture about existence of solution or posing of problems has been neglected. It needs to put more emphasis on conjecture and problem posing activities in school mathematics. To do this, a model and examples of designing mathematical activities centered on conjecture and problem posing are needed. In this article, we introduce some examples of designing such activities (from the pythagorean theorem, the determination condition of triangle, and existing solved-problems in textbook) and examine suggestions for mathematics education. Our examples can be used as instructional materials for mathematically able students at middle school.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.517-519
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• 2022

뉴럴 네트워크는 학습에 사용하는 파라미터를 문제에 맞게 최적화하여 일반화 성능을 향상시키는 것이 목적이다. 선행 연구들은 다차원의 로스 랜드스케이프(loss landscape)를 시각화하는 방법을 탐구하며, 모델의 일반화 측면에서 어떤 영향을 주는지 탐구한다. 하지만 아직까지 로스 랜드스케이프가 근본적으로 일반화 성능에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 잘 알려져 있지 않으며, 평평하거나 경사진 로스 랜드스케이프 중 어떤 형태가 일반화 성능에 더 효과적인지 여러 의견이 나뉜다. 따라서 우리는 로스 랜드스케이프가 일반화 성능과 연관 있음을 실험을 통해 파악한다. 나아가 비전문제에서 MSA(multi-head self-attention) 레이어를 기반으로 구성된 트랜스포머 구조를 사용해 작은 유도 편향(inductive bias)을 가지며 소규모 데이터 셋 체제에서의 단점을 보완한다. 결론적으로 평평한 로스 랜드스케이프가 일반화 성능에 긍정적인 영향을 끼친다는 것을 관찰한다.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.139-152
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide some suggestions for future improvement of scientific inquiry activities in Korean elementary science textbook. The modified framework of Lee(2005) and Millar et al.(1998) was used to compare inquiry activities in the Korean and Singaporean science textbooks. The results of this study are as follows: Korean text books have more activities than Singapore's, but both countries have similar time allotment for science classes. In the area of 'inquiry process skill', Singapore is more balanced in 'Basic inquiry process skills' and 'Integrated inquiry process skills' than Korea. Singapore's integrated inquiry rate is also higher than Korea's. Next the results of comparing leaning objectives to scientific inquiry activities shows that Korean text books tend to focus on 'contents objectives', while Singapore's text books focus on balancing 'contents objectives' and 'process objectives'. Korean science textbooks encourage students to communicate the results of experiments but in most case these communication activities are actually not performed. Lastly Korea and Singapore have low degree of openness in inquiry activities. Remarkably 'Suggest questions' are totally conducted by teachers. This study implies that Korean science textbooks should have lower amounts of inquiry activities to accomodate enough time for communication about results. Next we need to make balance not only 'Basic inquiry process skills' and 'Integrated inquiry process skills' but also 'Content objectives' and 'Process objectives'. Lastly we need to make student to be the leader in science classes through encouraging them to plan procedures for experiments and to discover results by themselves.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.551-561
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate both theoretically and empirically the roles of models in abductive reasoning for scientific problem solving. The context of the study is design-based research the goal of which is to develop inquiry learning programs in the domain of earth science, and the current article dealt with an early process of redesigning an abductive inquiry activity in geology. In the theoretical study, an extensive review was conducted with the literature addressing abduction and modeling together as research methods characterizing earth science. The result led to a tentative scheme for modeling-based abductive inference, which represented relationships among evidence, resource models, and explanatory models. This scheme was improved by the empirical study in which experts' reasoning for solving a geological problem was analyzed. The new scheme included the roles of critical evidence, critical resource models, and a scientifically sound explanatory model. Pedagogical implications for the support of student reasoning in modeling-based abductive inquiry in earth science was discussed.